越南露天煤矿半连续开采工艺系统适应性分析与优化设计.pdf

博士学位论文 越南露天煤矿半连续开采工艺系统越南露天煤矿半连续开采工艺系统 适应性分析与优化设计适应性分析与优化设计 AdaptabilityAnalyzing and Optimal Design of Semi-Continuous Mining Technological System of Open – pit Coal Mine in Vietnam 作者阮苏淮 导师才庆祥教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一七年五月 万方数据 中图分类号TD824学校代码10290 UDC622密级公开 中国矿业大学 博士学位论文 越南露天煤矿半连续开采工艺系统 适应性分析与优化设计 Adaptability Analyzing and Optimal Design of Semi-Continuous Mining Technological System of Open- pit Coal Mine in Vietnam 作者阮苏淮导师才庆祥 申请学位工学博士培养单位矿业工程学院 学科专业采矿工程研究方向露天开采 答辩委员会主席蒋金泉评 阅 人盲审 二○一七年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一，学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名导师签名 年月日年月日 万方数据 致致谢谢 时光荏苒，如白驹过隙，转眼间研究生的四年求学生涯即将结束，回首这四年 的学习生活我受益匪浅，铭记于心里的不仅有这四年的点点滴滴，还有得到了许 多的关怀和帮助。 首先我要真诚的感谢我的导师才庆祥老师。三年的读博时间，在论文的研究和 编写过程中，自始至终都得到了导师才庆祥教授的悉心指导和亲切关怀。从论文 的选题、研究思路、理论分析直到论文的成稿，无不浸透着导师的心血。导师渊 博的知识、严谨求实的治学态度、谦虚谨慎的高贵品质以及忘我的专业奉献精神 和对科学的执著追求深深的感染了作者，这将对作者以后的学习和工作产生深远 的影响。值此论文完成之际，特向导师才庆祥教授表示衷心的感谢和崇高的敬意 感谢中国政府、中国矿业大学、越南政府、越南教育部、越南广宁工业大学给 予了奖学金和大力支持 感谢矿业工程学院、国际学院和国际合作交流处各位老师对我在中国求学、生 活的帮助 作者在完成论文期间， 得到了中国矿业大学矿业工程学院诸位领导和老师无微 不至的关怀和指导以及露天开采与边坡工程研究所各位老师的热情帮助和大力支 持，在此向姬长生教授、车兆学教授、尚涛教授、舒继森教授、李克民教授、周 伟教授、彭洪阁副教授和陈树召讲师表示衷心的感谢 在论文的撰写过程中， 还得到了博士后生刘福明、韩流、 马力， 博士生汤万钧、 时旭阳，硕士生杨飞、万蒙蒙、刘云肖、栗嘉彬、尹文影、王晋辉、高亭、王立 军、秦梓赫、王进文、高岩、陆翔、李淋、杨猛、黄运爽、李新鹏等人的支持和 帮助，在此一并感谢。 感谢远方家庭一直默默地鼓励我、支持我、陪伴我，让我一直坚持完成自己的 学业。你们永远是我前进的动力。 感谢在参考文献中列出的以及没有列出的所有给予我启发的研究成果的作者 最后，感谢百忙中抽出时间给予悉心评阅和指教的诸位专家 阮苏淮 2017 年 4 月 16 日 万方数据 I 摘摘要要 为了满足国民经济发展的需要，露天煤矿进行了多年的生产，目前已面临重大 挑战，如资源日益减少，特别是高质量的具有良好开采条件的资源储量越来越 少；资源回收，生态环境和自然景观保护的压力越来越大； 区域一体化和经济全 球化发展使得生产材料的价格不断攀升最终导致生产成本增加，产品的竞争优势 大大降低。在这样的背景下，越南露天煤矿行业必须不断改进和创新技术设备， 按照开采深度进行投资以提高生产效率增加生产经营效益。 本文通过对国内外学者关于间断工艺和半连续工艺的研究结果进行理论和实 践研究，提出了符合越南露天煤矿地质、技术、经济、安全条件的新型开采工艺。 通过对越南露天煤矿的特点、地形和地质条件、煤层构造等方面的研究，在现 有露天矿开采深度、长度、宽度、年生产能力、运输形式等的基础上提出了一种 新型的越南深露天煤矿分类。单斗运输的系统参数和经济技术指标都会影响矿山 生产综合效益，为了提高开采工艺选择的可靠性，建立了经济数学模型，通过矿 山开采系统参数和经济-技术指标，构建目标函数确定最小成本。通过目标函数确 定了合理的开采系统参数如挖掘机工作面长度、符合挖掘机斗容的最佳岩石爆 破块度、按照挖掘机斗容和开采系统参数确定的合理卡车载重、集中台阶的数量 和位置。 通过考虑设备选择时的诸多限制因素，如地质构造（断层、褶皱...） 、煤层 的构造与地形的变化（地形的起伏会对矿山道路的设计造成很大的困难） 、产量、 矿山服务年限、运输距离、开采深度等，提出了设备选择的目标函数并计算生产 最低成本。 开采工艺的能量消耗和开采成本主要取决于参数和运输设备， 以运输高度的单 位能量消耗和单位运输成本最少为目的，提出了合理的最小能量消耗总量和开采 成本的开采工艺。 通过对合理开采工艺的选择，锦普矿区为例，计算表明该方法是符合实际生产 的，证明了该方法的有效性，说明其适用于其他类似条件的矿山。目前锦普露天 矿开采深度越来越深，采用间断工艺时，开采成本增加，本文提出的大倾角带式 输送机半连续工艺符合锦普露天矿的条件。另一方面矿区应用大倾角带式输送机 半连续工艺的经济效益显著，一年可节省剥离费用 8.46 亿元，同时环境污染得到 很大改善。 该论文有图 80 幅，表 56 个，参考文献 192 篇。 关键词关键词露天煤矿；系统参数；半连续工艺；大倾角带式输送机；集中台阶 万方数据 II Abstract In order to meet the requirement of national economic development, the open-cast coal minings have been employed to exploit a near surface deposits or one that has a low stripping ratio for many years, and are facing major challenges of both quantity and quality such as the decreasing resources, especially the decreasing of the high quality resources despite of favour mining conditions. Furthermore, the pressures of resource recovery, cost relating to after-mine-closure, and the environmental protection are increasing. Other regional trade, industry integration and the development of economic globalization rises the price of production materials. These contribute to the escalation of production costs, and reduce product competitiveness in the market greatly. In the above discussed conditions, the Vietnamese open cast coal industry must continue to improve and innovate technical equipments. It carries on investment according to the depth of mining to inhance production capacity and improve production and management efficiency. According to the theoretical and practical researching results of continuous and semi - continuous process, we put forward a new mining technology which cons to the geological, technical, economic and safety conditions of Vietnam open-cast coal mining. Based on the study of the characteristics, topography and geological conditions, coal seam structure of the open-cast coal mining in Vietnam, a new depth bottom of open cast coal mining in Vietnam is proposed on the foundation of the depth, length, width, annual production capacity, transportation and classification of open pit coal minings. In order to improve the reliability of mining technology selection, the economic mathematical model is established, in which the minimum cost is determined by constructing the objective function through the parameters of mining system and the economic. It is noted that the technical index, and the economic and technical inds of the single bucket transportation will affect the comprehensive benefit of mining production. Through the objective function, the reasonable mining system parameters such as the length of the excavator face and the optimum rock blasting size of the excavator are determined. According to the excavator bucket capacity and the mining system parameters, the reasonable truck load, the number and position of the concentrated benches are carried out. By considering the constraints of equipment selection, such as geological structure fault, fold ..., the structure of the coal seam and the terrain changes the ups and downs 万方数据 III of the terrain will cause great difficulties in the design of the mine road, production, service timelife, transportation distance, mining depthput forward the objective function of equipment selection and calculate the minimum cost of production. The energy consumption and cost of the mining process mainly depends on the above inferred parameters and the transportation equipment. The reasonable energy consumption and the mining cost are proposed for the purpose of transporting energy consumption unit and the lowest transportation cost unit. Through the selection of reasonable mining technology, Cam Pha mining area, in Quang Ninh province of Viet Nam, is selected as an example, the calculation shows that the is in line with the actual production-it proved the effectiveness of the . From this, it can be applies to other mining areas which have similar conditions and situations like Cam Pha. It has shown that the depth bottom of Cam Pha open pit minings are deeper and deeper, the usage of continuous process lead to the increasing in mining costs. Therefore the semi-continuous process of the large-angle belt conveyor is in accordance with the condition of Cam Pha open-pit mining. On the other hand, the economic benefits of semi-continuous process of large-angle belt conveyor are significant, the amount of 846 million yuan can be save per year while the environmental pollution problem has been greatly improved. This dissertation includes 87 figures, 50 tables, and 192 pieces of reference. Key words Open-pit coal mining； system parameters； semi-continuous process； large angle belt conveyor；Concentric floor 万方数据 IV 目目录录 摘摘要要............................................................................................................................... I 目目录录.............................................................................................................................IV 图清单图清单......................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单..........................................................................................................................XIV 变量注释表变量注释表................................................................................................................XVII 1 绪论绪论...............................................................................................................................1 选题背景与研究意义................................................................................................1 国内外研究现状........................................................................................................7 主要研究内容..........................................................................................................12 研究方法与技术路线..............................................................................................13 预计创新点..............................................................................................................14 2 露天煤矿特点和开采工艺的适用性分析露天煤矿特点和开采工艺的适用性分析.................................................................15 越南露天煤矿的特点..............................................................................................15 越南露天煤矿运输工艺影响分析..........................................................................18 影响选择卡车参数的因素......................................................................................21 评估国外深露天矿岩石开采工艺的现状..............................................................25 本章小结..................................................................................................................32 3 越南露天煤矿开采工艺性能关键影响因素分析越南露天煤矿开采工艺性能关键影响因素分析.....................................................33 越南露天煤炭开采深度分类..................................................................................33 越南露天煤矿开采系统的参数选择......................................................................34 单斗卡车运输的参数选择研究..............................................................................43 带式输送机工艺的参数与研究..............................................................................53 半连续工艺参数的选择研究..................................................................................62 本章小结..................................................................................................................70 4 越南露天煤矿设备选型理论与方法越南露天煤矿设备选型理论与方法.........................................................................71 卡车设备选型..........................................................................................................71 越南露天煤矿开采工艺指标的分析......................................................................73 露天煤矿半连续工艺研究......................................................................................80 越南露天煤矿开采工艺的评价..............................................................................85 本章小结..................................................................................................................94 万方数据 V 5 实例研究实例研究.....................................................................................................................95 矿区介绍..................................................................................................................95 设备选型................................................................................................................112 效益........................................................................................................................126 本章小结................................................................................................................134 6 结论与展望结论与展望...............................................................................................................135 研究结论................................................................................................................135 展望........................................................................................................................136 参考文献参考文献.......................................................................................................................137 作者简介作者简介.......................................................................................................................148 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明...................................................................................................149 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集...........................................................................................................150 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract...........................................................................................................................II Contents.........................................................................................................................VI List of Figures.............................................................................................................VIII List of Tables...............................................................................................................XIV List of Variables........................................................................................................XVII 1 Introduction.................................................................................................................. 1 Background of Topic Selection and Research Significance........................................1 Research Status at Domestic and Abroad....................................................................7 Main Research Contents............................................................................................12 Research s and Technique Routes.................................................................13 Expecting Innovation.................................................................................................14 2 Characteristics of Opencast Coal Mines and theApplicability of the Mining Process............................................................................................................................15 Characteristics of Vietnam Opencast Coal Mine.......................................................15 Analysis on the Influence of Transportation Technology in Vietnam Open - pit Coal Mine.................................................................................................................................18 FactorsAffecting the Selection of Truck Parameters................................................21 uation of the Present Situation of Rock Mining Technology in Deep Foreign..25 Chapter Summary......................................................................................................32 3Analysis on Key Influencing Factors of Mining Process Perance in Vietnam Open - pit Coal Mine.....................................................................................................33 Ietnamese Open - pit Coal Mining Depth Classification...........................................33 Parameter Selection of Mining System in Vietnam Open - pit Coal Mine...............34 Research on Parameter Selection of Single - bucket Truck Transportation..............43 Parameters and Research of Belt Conveyor Technology.......................................... 53 Study on the Selection of Semi - continuous Process Parameters.............................62 Chapter Summary......................................................................................................70 4 Theory and of Equipment Selection in Vietnam Open - pit Coal Mine..71 Selection of Truck Equipment...................................................................................71 Analysis on Mining Technology Index of Vietnam Open - pit Coal Mine................73 万方数据 VII Study on Semi - continuous Process of Open - pit Coal Mine.............