露天煤矿绿色开采工艺理论及其优选方法研究.pdf

博士学位论文 露天煤矿绿色开采工艺理论及其 优选方法研究 The Green Mining Technology System Theory and Optimizing in Surface Coal Mines 作 者刘福明 导 师才庆祥 教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一五年五月 中图分类号 TD824 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 博士学位论文 露天煤矿绿色开采工艺理论及其 优选方法研究 The Green Mining Technology System Theory and Optimizing in Surface Coal Mines 作 者 刘福明 导 师 才庆祥 申请学位 工学博士 培养单位 矿业学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 露天开采 答辩委员会主席 蒋金泉 评 阅 人 二〇一五年五月 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 论文审阅认定书论文审阅认定书 研究生 刘福明 在规定的学习年限内， 按照研究生培养方案 的要求，完成了研究生课程的学习，成绩合格；在我的指导下完成本 学位论文,经审阅，论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同， 论文撰写格式符合学校的相关规定， 同意将本论文作为学位申请论文 送专家评审。 导师签字 年 月 日 致谢致谢 九年前，刚刚经历高考的我，在父母的陪伴下，走进了美丽的南湖校区。一 个懵懵懂懂的农村孩子，一步跨进了心目中雅典学派式的历史悠久的壮丽学堂， 心中除了沾沾自喜之外，恐怕更多的还是那种诚惶诚恐和惴惴不安吧。九年的时 间，仿佛在一瞬间就走到了尽头，九年之中的种种，就随着深夜中我键盘敲击的 声音，不断地重现在我的眼前。这九年，有快乐，也有忧伤，有辛勤，也有迷茫， 有拼搏，也有放弃，有收获，也有遗憾。敢问十年前的我曾经预想到我将会经历 的这些么这可能是当年那个懵懵懂懂的农村孩子所从未料想到的吧， 即使是在 梦中。这九年可能是我人生中最好的九年，这九年，中国矿业大学给我的太多太 多。 五年的硕博连读时间， 自始至终都得到了导师才庆祥教授的悉心指导和亲切 关怀。 从科学研究到日常生活， 从论文选题到论文成稿， 无不浸透着导师的心血。 导师渊博的知识、严谨求实的治学态度、谦虚谨慎的高贵品质以及忘我的专业奉 献精神和对科学的执著追求深深的感染着我， 这将对我以后的学习和工作产生深 远的影响。值此论文完成之际，特向导师才庆祥教授表示衷心的感谢和崇高的敬 意 在完成论文期间， 得到了中国矿业大学露天开采与边坡工程研究所各位老师 的热情帮助和大力支持，在此向李克民教授、尚涛教授、舒继森教授、周伟副教 授、彭洪阁副教授和陈树召讲师表示衷心的感谢在论文的撰写过程中，还得到 了硕士生刘云肖、郭强、吕建洲、昌珺、孙宇霆、杨飞、万蒙蒙等人的支持和帮 助；在论文数据收集过程中，还得到了工作在祖国各地的同学和师兄们的鼎力相 助，在此向马力、宋自备、李涛、邹志刚、罗渊、肖国强、陈彦龙、武懋等人致 以诚挚的谢意 在我攻读博士期间，我和我的爱人朱莉霞走入了婚姻的殿堂，并产下爱子刘 奇， 感谢他们这两年多来给我带来的惊喜和支持， 使我的学习和工作充满了动力， 在此致以浓厚的感激和爱意 感谢在参考文献中列出的以及没有列出的所有给予我启发的研究成果的作 者 最后，感谢在百忙中抽出时间给予悉心评阅和指教的诸位专家 刘福明 2015年4月20日 I 摘摘 要要 本文通过研究绿色开采的理论体系及其内涵， 确立了露天煤矿绿色开采工艺 的理论地位和实际意义，提出了露天煤矿绿色开采工艺理论和基本性质，确定了 以工艺组合为对象的绿色工艺一级评级指标绿色度，技术、经济、效率、低 碳、环保五个维度的二级指标，构建了绿色开采工艺的理论架构和方法论。 为了更加准确地评价工艺的适应性， 将露天矿开采工艺按照开采功能的区别 重新分类，通过分析各种工艺的适用条件建立了评级指标体系，运用模糊聚类法 建立了工艺适应度评价模型，通过取适应度最优的前两位进行层层组合，得出 了工艺评价系统备选方案群。 为了满足设备选型的需求， 运用排队论、 概率论、 系统可靠性等理论和方法， 建立了各种工艺的系统能力和系统数量计算模型。通过分析各工艺的费用构成， 建立了工艺拥有费用模型， 结合系统数量和费用计算模型所需的的技术参数和经 济参数，建立了适用于露天矿选择和计算的设备数据库，运用计算模型和数据库 对得到的层层工艺组合进行逐一选型计算， 可以得出每种组合绿色度评价的经 济指标拥有费用参数。 根据不同工艺设备的功率和生产能力建立了设备的能源消耗强度计算模型， 并提出了开采工艺能源效率的概念和计算方法； 运用排放学理论和生命周期法建 立了露天矿开采过程中开采工艺引致的 CO2和污染物排放因子计算模型，进而 提出了各种工艺单位生产能力的排放量计算方法。 结合露天矿绿色工艺评价方法和特点，确定了软件逻辑数据结构和模块结 构。根据软件需要实现的功能，选择了软件的开发工具和环境，设计了便于操作 的人机交互界面； 将各评价指标和综合评价方法的数学模型转化为计算机算法 进行编程，开发了露天矿绿色工艺的优选软件系统。 将哈尔乌素露天煤矿作为研究实例，建立了该矿工艺地质数据库，运用绿色 工艺评价软件计算出各评价指标的参数值以及各工艺组合的绿色度指标， 选出该 矿绿色度最高的工艺组合上部松散层采用轮斗铲连续工艺进行剥离、下部两种 岩石层均采用单斗-卡车间断工艺、 主采煤层采用带半固定破碎机的半连续工艺， 同时返回各种工艺选择的设备型号和数量， 验证了指标计算模型和评价方法的有 效性。 该论文有图 51 幅，表 39 个，参考文献 171 篇。 关键词关键词露天煤矿；绿色开采；组合工艺；绿色度；评价指标 II Abstract The theoretical and practical significance of surface coal mine green mining technology systems SMGT has been established through the analysis on green mining theory system and its content in this paper. This paper proposes the theoretical definition and basic character of SMGT. The level 1 rating index based on process combination and level 2 rating index with green degree, technique, economy, efficiency, low carbon and environment have been identified. The theoretical framework and ology of SMGT was established. In order to make the technology adaptability uation more accurate, mining technologies were reclassified with different mining functions. Technology fitness uation model was established based on fuzzy clustering algorithm under the analysis on applicable condition of each technology. The alternative plan group of technology uation system was obtained through the combination of the best two fitness of the technology. In order to meet the equipment selection need, the calculation model of each system capacity and amount were established by applying queuing theory, probability theory and system reliability. Technology owning cost model was established through the analysis on cost foundation for each technology. The equipment choice and calculation database adapting to surface mine was established combined with technology amount and cost calculation model by the needed technique parameters and economic parameters. Economic index of green degree in each group, which is owning cost parameter, was obtained by using the calculating model and database to calculate the layer to layer technology combination. According to the power and production capacity of different technology equipment, the consumption calculation model was established and put forward the concept and the of calculation of energy efficiency in mining technology. The calculation model of CO2 and pollutants emission factor caused by surface mining was established by applying emission theory and PA-LCA. Then the paper put forward the emission calculation of per unit capacity in different technology. The logical data structure and block structure of software were established combined with the uation strategy and characteristic of SMGT. According to the function needed of the software, the development tools and environment of the III software was chose and friendly man-machine interface was designed. By transing the uation index and overall assessment model into computerized algorithm, the computer optimization software of SMGT was obtained. Take Haerwusu surface coal mine for instance to establish the geology database of technology in the mine. The highest green degree of process combination was chose by applying the SMGT uation software to calculate the parameter in each uation index and the green degree parameter in each technology combination, which is bucket-wheel-exactor continuous technology for stripping, shovel-truck discontinuous technology for the lower two rock layers and semi-moving crusher semi-continuous technology for main coal seam. At the meantime, the types and amount of equipment for each technology chosen were obtained. The efficiency of calculation model and uation has been verified. There are 51 figures, 39 tables and 171 pieces of reference in the paper. Key words surface mine; green mining; combined technology system; green degree; uation indicators IV Extended Abstract With the highly development of mechanization and scale of surface mine, single technology in surface mine can’t meet the need of its mining scale and efficiency as the occurrence condition of coal resources is more complex in our nation. Using the combined mining technology has become a common sense among the industry according to the characteristic of different layers. So far, single technology successfully used in mines make it possible to choose suitable technology in different occurrence conditions as well as layers. But it will lead the types of technology combination become exponential increasing. It has become an urgent theoretical problem for mining professionals which is how to choose the optimal plan from the thousands of technology combinations scientifically and efficiently. The theoretical and practical significance of surface coal mine green mining technology SMGT has been established through the analysis on green mining theory system and its content in this paper. This paper proposes SMGT which is mainly for choosing the relatively optimal technology combination in technical feasibility, economical rationality, energy conservation, low-carbon, environment and system reliability. The level 1 rating index based on process combination and level 2 rating index with green degree, technique, economy, efficiency, low carbon and environment have been identified. The theoretical framework and ology of SMGT have been established. In order to make the technology adaptability uation more accurate, mining technologies were reclassified with different mining functions. Combined technology fitness uation model under the consideration of system reliability was established based on fuzzy clustering algorithm under the analysis on applicable condition of each technology combined with mining theory and practice experience. Then make a sequence of fitness of all the possible technology at each layer. In order not to lose the feasible plans, the scope of the choice of technology combination should be as narrow as possible. Technical feasibility index of green degree in each group, which is comprehensive fitness parameter, was obtained by choosing the the combination of the best two fitness of the technology. In order to meet the equipment selection need, the technology at each layer can be divided into shovel-truck technology, dragline stripping technology, semi-continuous technology with semi-moving crusher and semi-continuous V technology with self-moving crusher according to the types of equipment combination. The ration of trucks of shovel-truck technology optimization model, segmentation of transport distance of semi-continuous technology with semi-moving crusher optimization model, effective work time calculation model of semi-continuous technology with semi-moving crusher were established, based on which the calculation model of each system capacity and amount were established. Technology owning cost model including investment cost, operating cost, maintenance cost and labor cost was established through the analysis on cost foundation for each technology. The equipment choice and calculation database adapting to surface mine was established combined with technology amount and cost calculation model by the needed technique parameters and economic parameters. Economic index of green degree in each group, which owns cost parameter, was obtained by using the calculating model and database to calculate the layer to layer technology combination. According to the power and production capacity of different technology equipment, the consumption calculation model was established and put forward the concept and the of calculation of energy efficiency in mining technology. The calculation model of CO2 and pollutants emission factor caused by surface mining was established by applying emission theory and PA-LCA. Then the paper put forward the emission calculation of per unit capacity in different technology combined with reference data of CO2 and pollutants emission factor in recent years. The 3 uation index, which is energy efficiency, carbon emission and pollutant discharge, can be obtained by calling layer to layer technology combination result and equipment selection result. The logical data structure and block structure of software were established combined with the uation strategy and characteristic of SMGT. According to the function needed of the software, the development tools and environment of the software was chose and friendly man-machine interface was designed. The paper established the uation index and mathematical model of comprehensive uation into computer algorithm for computing software programming, implement the open pit mine intelligent computer uation of the overall functions of green technology and the single process and single parameter computing functions. It can be used as a simple and effective computing tool in surface mine technology choice, equipment selection, emission calculation and technology ability accounting. Take Haerwusu surface coal mine for instance to analyze its geological and VI climate conditions. It was divided into 4 mining layers according to the need of technology choice. The 3D geological model was established based on 3DMine software. The highest green degree of process combination among 10 kinds of alternative was chose by applying the SMGT uation software to calculate the parameter in each uation index and the green degree parameter in each technology combination, which is bucket-wheel-exactor continuous technology for stripping, shovel-truck discontinuous technology for the lower two rock layers and semi-continuous technology with semi-moving crusher for main coal seam. At the meantime, the types and amount of equipment for each technology chosen were obtained. The efficiency of calculation model and uation has been verified. Key words surface mine; green mining; combined technology system; green degree; uation indicators VII 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ...........................................................................................................................I 目目 录录 .......................................................................................................................VII 图清单图清单 ........................................................................................................................ XI 表清单表清单 ......................................................................................................................XIV 变量注释表变量注释表 ..............................................................................................................XVI 1 绪论绪论 ...........................................................................................................................1 1.1 选题背景与研究意义.............................................................................................1 1.2 国内外研究现状.....................................................................................................3 1.3 研究内容及技术路线.............................................................................................6 1.4 创新点.....................................................................................................................8 2 露天矿绿色开采工艺理论露天矿绿色开采工艺理论 .....................................................................................10 2.1 绿色开采工艺理论来源........................................................................................10 2.2 绿色开采工艺理论体系构建...............................................................................11 2.3 绿色工艺评价方法...............................................................................................13 2.4 绿色工艺综合评价模型.......................................................................................18 2.5 本章小结...............................................................................................................20 3 组合工艺适应度评价模型组合工艺适应度评价模型 .....................................................................................21 3.1 工艺适应度评价理论...........................................................................................21 3.2 露天开采工艺分类.............................................................................