拉斗铲倒堆工艺露天煤矿采区转向关键技术研究.pdf

博士学位论文 拉斗铲倒堆工艺露天煤矿采区转向关 键技术研究 The Key Techniques Study on Mining Area Transition in Surface Coal Mine Employed Dragline Mining Technology 作 者张维世 导 师才庆祥教授 中国矿业大学 二○一三年十月 万方数据 中图分类号 TD98 学校代码 10290 UDC 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 博士学位论文 拉斗铲倒堆工艺露天煤矿采区转向关键技术研究 The Key Techniques Study of Mining Area Transition in Surface Coal Mine Employed Dragline Mining Technology 作 者 张维世 导 师 才庆祥 申请学位 工学博士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 露天开采及边坡稳定 研究方向 露天开采 答辩委员会主席 评 阅 人 二○一三年十月 万方数据 114 学位论文原创性声明 学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明所呈交的学位论文拉斗铲倒堆工艺露天煤矿采区转向关键 技术研究 ，是本人在导师指导下，在中国矿业大学攻读学位期间进行的研究工 作所取得的成果。据我所知，除文中已经标明引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何 其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。 对本文的研究做出贡献的个人和 集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承 担。 学位论文作者签名 年 月 日 万方数据 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明 学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 万方数据 万方数据 论文审阅认定书 论文审阅认定书 研究生 张维世 在规定的学习年限内， 按照研究生培养方案 的要求，完成了研究生课程的学习，成绩合格；在我的指导下完成本 学位论文,经审阅，论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同， 论文撰写格式符合学校的相关规定， 同意将本论文作为学位申请论文 送专家评审。 导师签字 年 月 日 万方数据 万方数据 致谢 致谢 在论文的研究和写作过程中， 自始至终都得到了导师才庆祥教授的悉心指导 和亲切关怀。从论文的选题、研究思路、理论分析直到论文的成稿，无不浸透着 导师的心血。导师渊博的知识、严谨求实的治学态度、谦虚谨慎的高贵品质以及 忘我的专业奉献精神和对科学的执著追求深深的感染了我，值此论文完成之际， 特向导师才庆祥教授表示衷心的感谢和崇高的敬意 作者在完成论文期间， 得到了中国矿业大学露天开采与边坡工程研究所各位 老师的热情帮助和大力支持，在此向李克民教授、尚涛教授、舒继森教授、姬长 生教授、车兆学教授、周伟副教授、彭洪阁讲师、陈树召讲师和李鑫讲师表示衷 心的感谢 在论文的写作过程中得到了汤万钧硕士、吕建州硕士、孙宇霆硕士和张绪杰 硕士等的帮助，在博士研究生学习期间，中国矿业大学矿业工程学院和研究生院 的有关领导、老师给予了我无微不至的关怀和指导，在此一并致以诚挚的谢意 感谢在参考文献中列出的以及没有列出的所有给予我启发的研究成果的作 者 在攻读博士学位和工作期间，得到了家人的理解、支持和鼓励，在此致以深 深的谢意 感谢在百忙中抽出时间悉心评阅本论文和参与答辩的各位专家 张维世 2013 年 10 月 12 日 万方数据 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 拉斗铲无运输倒堆工艺是集采、运、排为一体的开采工艺，由于没有运输环 节，故与其他露天开采工艺相比，具有剥离成本低，劳动效率高的显著优点，适 用于近水平或缓倾斜煤层，对剥离物的物理力学性质和气候条件等无严格要求。 大型拉斗铲无运输倒堆工艺已经在黑岱沟露天煤矿成功应用， 目前该矿开始由第 一采区向第二采区转向过渡， 而国内尚无拉斗铲倒堆工艺条件下露天煤矿采区转 向经验，拉斗铲倒堆工艺受到作业空间和开采参数及开拓运输系统的严格限制， 在此条件下的采区转向明显不同于单斗- 卡车间断工艺，需要对相应的基本理论 和共性关键技术进行深入研究。 论文针对含拉斗铲倒堆工艺的综合开采工艺条件下露天煤矿采区转向遇到 的关键技术问题，分别从该条件下露天煤矿采区转向的基本方式、采区转向期间 物料流的移动规律、 采区转向期间的采剥工程可靠性及各单一开采工艺之间的耦 合规律等几个方面进行了深入研究，得出了以下结论 （1）基于露天煤矿采区转向的基本方式，提出了拉斗铲无运输倒堆工艺条 件下采区转向的合理方式，分析其影响因素，并建立了相应的采区转向方式选择 评价体系，揭示了拉斗铲无运输倒堆工艺采区转向演化规律。 （2）研究了采区转向期间剥离物运移规律，通过分析转向前后内排土场空 间的不均衡性，优化开拓运输系统并揭示其演化规律，尤其是煤的运输通道优化 设置。根据内排空间的释放情况，揭示内排最终高度、物料流向和采剥工程的耦 合关系， 最大限度的利用露天矿内排土场， 减少外排占地和缩短剥离物排弃运距。 （3）为了保证正常的产量接续，利用可靠性理论定义采剥工程可靠性的概 念，建立了设备调动原则和作业位置确定方法。 （4）根据限制和非限制工艺的特点，研究采区转向期间各单一工艺之间相 互匹配及相关参数的调整， 实现了转向期间拉斗铲倒堆工艺倒堆台阶高度的动态 调整。 据统计，我国已经或将要开发的适合露天开采的大型、特大型煤矿区中煤层 倾角绝大部分小于 10，属近水平或缓倾斜煤田，煤层结构简单；其中相当部分 煤层倾角小于 5，为近水平煤田。因此，我国正在开发和规划开发的多个大型 露天矿区都具备应用拉斗铲无运输倒堆工艺的基本条件。 本论文的研究内容和主要成果， 将为拉斗铲无运输倒堆工艺在我国露天煤矿 的推广应用提供基本理论和相应的共性关键技术支撑。 该论文有图 60 幅，表 37 个，参考文献 162 篇。 关键词关键词露天矿；拉斗铲；运输通道；内排 万方数据 II 万方数据 III Abstract Dragline no transport process is inverted stack Central Purchasing , transport , ranked as one of the mining process , because there is no transport links, it is compared with other open- pit mining techniques, with a low stripping costs , high labor efficiency a significant advantage for nearly horizontal or gently inclined seams , peel the physical and mechanical properties of materials and climatic conditions, no strict requirements . No transport large dragline down stack technology has successfully applied Heidaigou surface mine , the mine is currently mining area from the first turn to the transition to the second mining area , but no domestic dragline excavator casting process conditions Opencast mining area turned to experience dragline excavator casting process strictly limited by the operating space and mining parameters and to develop the transport system in the mining area under this condition significantly different from the single bucket steering - Truck intermittent process , the need for appropriate basic theory and common key technologies in- depth study . Under thesis dragline excavator casting process with a comprehensive mining process conditions Opencast mining area turned the key technical problems encountered , the basic way Opencast mining area were turned from this condition, the movement law stream mining area during the shift several aspects of the project mining area coupling law stripping the reliability of each single shift during the mining process among other in- depth study reached the following conclusions 1 based on the fundamental shift in the way the mining area proposed dragline no reasonable means of transport down the heap mining area turned under process conditions , analyzes the influencing factors , and to establish a mining area corresponding shift mode selection uation system, reveals no transportation dragline mining area turned down heap process evolution . 2 study the migration law stripping material during mining area steering, steering through the analysis of the imbalance in the front and rear dump space transportation system optimization to develop and reveal its evolution , particularly coal transport channel optimization settings. According to the release conditions within row space , revealing the final height of the row , coupling between the flow of materials and stripping works to maximize the use of the open- pit dump , reducing efflux stripping material discharge area and shorten the transportation distance abandoned . 万方数据 IV 3 In order to ensure the continuation of normal production , using the concept of reliability theory to define stripping engineering reliability , established to mobilize equipment and operating principles of location determination s. 4 According to the process of limiting and non- limiting characteristics , research mining area turned to adjust to match each other during and between the single process parameters to achieve a period of dragline excavator casting process turned down heap of a dynamic step height adjustment . According to statistics , Chinas development has been or will be suitable for large- scale open- pit mining , coal mining area in the large majority of seam dip is less than 10 , is nearly horizontal or gently inclined coal , coal seam simple structure ; which a considerable part of the coal seam dip is less than 5 , nearly horizontal coal . Therefore, China is developing and planning the development of a number of large open- pit mine dragline applications all have the basic conditions without transportation pour heap process . Contents of this paper and the main results will dragline process provides free transportation down heap basic theory and the corresponding common key technical support in the promotion and application of surface mine . This dissertation includes 60 figures, 37 tables, and 162 pieces of reference. Key words open pit; dragline; transport network; inner dumping 万方数据 V Extended Abstract Due to the restrict of mining scale, equipment specifications, and economic effects , nearly horizontal or shallow- dipping deposit is often mined by areas.The process of transition exists in the surface coal mining by areas ，which is related to the two mining districts and internal dump .Therefore, transition is a very important issue. When selecting the of open pit mining transition ,we should consider the total layout, the of mining district , the volume of external dumping as well as the transport distance and other factors.For a large open pit mine, the choice of an appropriate solution requires overall economic efficiency,management difficulty and the integrated consideration of a number of indicators.The factors of affecting mining area steering mode selection are mining technology, the volume of external dumping during transition, changes in coal quality,transition time, average stripping ratio and production connection, etc. Based on the basic s of surface coal mining transition, we brought about the mining area transition of dragline overcasting technology in open pit coal mine. By analyzing the influential factor factors, we establish the transition mode selection uation system, reveal the evolution of dragline overcasting.Using molding software,we realize dragline dynamic simulations in the course during the area transition.Then we get the optimal steering after calculating related quantities. Paper is based on a shovel without transport process, condensed the research results in the field and use open- pit mining basic theories, systems engineering, reliability theory and computer simulation, theory and technology, studied with the turn key technologies under the combined mining system including dragline overcastting system. The paper was aimed at the problems of mining area transition in surface coal mine employed dragline mining technology, made a deep study on the dragline overcasting transition , material circulating, reliability of mining and stripping engineering during the mining area transition with the dragline and the laws to make all single process in harmony with one another in combined mining system, and drew the following conclusions. （1）Basing on the basic s of surface coal mining transition, bringing about the mining area transition of dragline overcasting technology in open pit coal mine, analyzing the influential factor factorsmining technology, the volume 万方数据 VI of external dumping during transition, changes in coal quality,transition time, average stripping ratio and production connection, and using multiple uation s- close to the ideal point to reduce the impact of human factors on selection，we come to the best approach for transition。 （2）Researching the law of overburden during the mining area transition,by analyzing the imbalance of dump space around the transition，optimizing the development transport system and to reveal the laws of its evolution, using economics to optimize coal- carrying channel layout and shift space,finally,we got the best shift space is 320m before area transition,400m after.Through the establishment of mathematical model of crushing station shift we got the reasonable crushing station shift step is 1059m. （3）Depending on the space release in inner dump, revealing the relationship of final height in inner dumping, the material flows and stripping engineering,we should maximize the use of open- pit coal mine dump, reduce the external dumping area and shorten transport distance. According to the production requirements , plan 4 is based on constant. The Heidaigou open- pit coal mine plans for second mining area with a total volume of 285.33Mm3, representing a minimal peeling a large quantity of 78.63Mm3, self stripping determined by the device update program, with stripped volume and outsourcing appearing to increase year by year. After the second mining area of normal production, stripping for the previous 3 years is 161.00Mm3, stripping ratio 4.95m3/t. （4）According to the characteristics of limiting and non- limiting process, research the matchof all single process and relevant of parameter, realized the dynamic adjustment of the bench height in dragline overcasting. Casting bench height is an important parameter in dragline overcasting, the dragline as a single large no- standby equipment is the restricting factors in open pit mining, In its ability to determine case, can only dynamic adjust the over bench height. Profile is obtained by 3 d modeling, obtained the discontinuous process layer thickness and overcasting bench height, cover thickness is 100 m by instance; During the analysis to get to the increase of the distance make the truck transportation capacity by 10. 万方数据 VII 目 录目 录 摘摘 要要 ...........................................................................................................................I 目目 录录 .......................................................................................................................VII 图清单图清单 ........................................................................................................................ XI 表清单表清单 ..................................................................................................................... XVI 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................. XIX 1 绪论绪论 ............................................................................................................................1 1.1 选题背景与研究意义..............................................................................................1 1.2 国内外研究现状......................................................................................................3 1.3 主要研究内容和方法..............................................................................................5 1.4 预计创新点..............................................................................................................7 1.5 本章小结..................................................................................................................7 2 拉斗铲倒堆工艺下采区转向方式优化设计拉斗铲倒堆工艺下采区转向方式优化设计............................................................8 2.1 露天煤矿采区转向的基本方式..............................................................................8 2.2 露天煤矿采区转向方式的主要影响因素评价....................................................12 2.3 拉斗铲倒堆工艺下露天矿的采区转向方式的影响因素分析............................14 2.4 拉斗铲倒堆工艺下采区转向方式的优化选择....................................................18 2.5 本章小结................................................................................................................26 3 采区转向过程中煤流移动规律研究采区转向过程中煤流移动规律研究......................................................................27 3.1 煤的运输通道优化设置........................................................................................27 3.2 破碎站位置优化选择............................................................................................37 3.3 本章小结................................................................................................................54 4 采区转向过程中内排物流与产量接续优化控制采区转向过程中内排物流与产量接续优化控制.................................................55 4.1 内排不均衡性分析...............................................................................................55 4.2 内排物流与内排空间实时耦合的优化控制.......................................................60 4.3 产量波动的优化控制...........................................................................................66 5 采区转向过程中综合工艺配合规律研究采区转向过程中综合工艺配合规律研究..............................................................73 5.1 各单一开采工艺参数.........................