老三沟煤矿富夹矸特厚煤层顶煤冒放性研究.pdf

硕士学位论文 老三沟煤矿富夹矸特厚煤层 顶煤冒放性研究 Study on Top-coal Caving Property of Extremely Thick Coal Seam with Dirt Bands in Laosangou Coal Mine 作 者程继鑫 导 师张东升 教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一七年五月 国家重点基础研究发展计划973 计划2015CB251600 国家自然科学基金51504240、51404254 江苏省基础研究计划自然科学基金BK20150051 江苏省青蓝工程苏教师201615 号 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（2017XKQY073、2017XKQY022、 2017XKZD07） 万方数据 中图分类号 TD353 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 老三沟煤矿富夹矸特厚煤层 顶煤冒放性研究 Study on Top-coal Caving Property of Extremely Thick Coal Seam with Dirt Bands in Laosangou Coal Mine 作 者 程继鑫 导 师 张东升 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 岩体力学与岩层控制 答辩委员会主席 张益东 评 阅 人 王红胜、范钢伟 二〇一七年四月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、 使用学位论文的规定， 同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权， 即 ①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的， 学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、 图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 致致 谢谢 时间如小河淌水，悄无声息，如白驹过隙，稍纵即逝。在这菁菁校园里有我最美 的青葱岁月，此时此刻 3 年的求学生涯亦如窗外缤纷的落英走过四月就临近尾声，感 慨万千，在人生安排的这场相遇里，太多给我帮助和关爱的人我都铭记在心，即便岁 月模糊了痕迹，我也终不会忘记。 首先感谢我的导师张东升教授， 感谢您在百忙之中给予我论文写作的指导和帮助。 多少次深夜路过您的办公室，里面灯火通明，您通宵达旦的忘我工作精神让我崇敬不 已。您刚直不阿的品格、治学严谨的态度、著作等身的造诣都是给予我的宝贵的精神 财富。 饮其流时思其源， 成吾学时念吾师， 难忘您不怒自威的威严， 鞭策我不断进取， 难忘您和蔼可亲的笑容，使我如沐春风。在此向您表示诚挚的感谢 感谢王旭锋教授，感谢您对我学习上的教导，与您相处份外轻松，您风趣幽默的 性格无时无刻不感染着我；感谢范钢伟副教授，感谢您对我的鼓励和指导，您踏实细 致的行事风格值得我认真学习；感谢张炜副研究员，感谢您给予我如兄长般的关爱， 与我畅谈人生聊理想，帮我授业解惑；感谢刘洪林讲师，您在我心中既师既友，感谢 您平时对我的照顾，您热心、负责的态度是我不断学习的榜样。 感谢王宏志博士、池明波博士、张胜龙硕士、李博硕士、罗明跃硕士、周亚洲博 士感谢你们对我的关爱和帮助， 无论我们将来身处何方， 愿彼此之间的兄弟情义长存 感谢中海油老三沟煤矿生产技术科的全体同志们在我们驻矿期间给予的帮助和 关照，正是你们的高效协同配合保障了项目的顺利实施。 同时把感谢送给我的家人们，感谢年过五旬的双亲，是你们用羸弱的身躯为我撑 起一片晴空。我能体会到电话那头，你们为了让我安心求学的坚强和疲惫，体会到为 了能让我有更好的未来从无抱怨的奔波与辛劳，在今后的日子里我定要踏实学习、工 作，用深情的陪伴回报你们的养育之恩，让你们笑容常驻最后也要感谢我的女友， 是你一直坚定的支持我、鼓励我，给我了不断向前奋斗的动力。 此外，感谢论文中引用文献的作者们，没有你们的智慧结晶，就没有我完成论文 的顺利。 最后，感谢评审专家在百忙之中审阅论文，感谢答辩委员会的专家们给予指导和 帮助。 程继鑫 〇二一七年四月 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 我国山西、内蒙、陕西等地广泛分布煤厚超过 8m 的特厚煤层，同时特厚煤 层中一般赋存多层厚夹矸，在使用综放开采时，由于夹矸层的影响，经常出现顶 煤冒放性差、采出率低、顶煤垮落角小等现象。由于老三沟煤矿先期开采 6 号煤 层属于平均厚度为 20m 的富夹矸特厚煤层，在使用综放开采时，需对老三沟煤 矿顶煤的冒放性进行分析和研究。 本文以老三沟煤矿 6 号煤层为工程背景，采用现场调研、实验测试、理论分 析、物理模拟及 UDEC 数值模拟相结合的研究方法，系统地研究了老三沟煤矿 先期开采区域顶煤冒放性，主要研究内容如下 （1）以老三沟煤矿 6 号煤层地质条件为基础，采用实验测试的方法，得到 了首采 6 号煤层煤岩体的力学参数，且归纳出了 7 种先期开采区域 6 煤概化模 型； （2）通过分析含夹矸顶煤破碎机理和夹矸对顶煤冒放性的影响，得到了在 工作面推进过程中， 按照原岩应力区后的顶煤受力状态将其划分为 4 个区域， 同 时计算得出了顶煤支承压力、 夹矸与顶煤破裂应力值、 中部夹矸极限厚度和顶煤 与夹矸破裂系数。 （3） 以不同概化模型为基础， 使用物理模拟和数值模拟进行分析， 并结合理 论计算结果， 得到了不同概化模型所对应区域在不同机采高度下顶煤冒放性及所 对应区域合理的采放比；并归纳总结出了不同煤层厚度、不同夹矸数量、不同夹 矸位置对顶煤冒放性影响的特征及规律。 分析结果可为老三沟煤矿和其他相似条件煤矿特厚煤层顶煤综放开采提供 指导和借鉴。 该论文有图 96 幅，表 30 个，参考文献 73 篇。 关键词关键词特厚煤层；夹矸层；顶煤冒放性；采放比；综放开采； 万方数据 II Abstract There are lots of extremely thick coal seam whose thickness is more than 8m with many dirt bands in Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi province and other places. When using fully mechanized caving mining, there are many phenomena, such as bad top- coal caving property, low production rate, small caving angle of top coal, rib spalling and so on because of influence of dirt bands.The exploitation of No.6 coal seam in Laosangou coal mine is the extremely thick coal seam whose average thickness of coal seam is about 20m with lots of dirt bands.Due to the complex conditions of coal seam, in the use of fully mechanized caving mining, there is a need for top-coal caving property analysis and research. The No.6 coal seam of Laosangou coal mine as engineering background, using research s of field investigation, experimental research, theoretical analysis, physical simulation and numerical simulation together analysed the top-coal caving property of the first mining area of Laosnagou mining area in extremely thick coal seam. The main contents are as follows 1 Based on the geological conditions of Laosangou coal mine, using experimental test, the coal seam occurrence conditions and mechanical parameters of the coal and rock were mastered, and No.6 generalized model were gotten. 2 Based on the analysis of the crushing mechanism of top coal with dirt bands and the factors that dirt bands influence the top-coal caving property, with the process of work face, the top coal in the original rock stress area can be divided into four areas according to the stress state and the supporting pressure of top coal, fracture stress of top coal and dirt bands, the maximum thickness in the middle coal seam and the the fracture coefficient of the top coal and the dirt band are calculated. 3 On the basis of different generalizability models,using physical simulations and numerical simulations, combining with the theoretical calculation results,the top- coal caving property in the corresponding regions of different generalized models under different mining height are obtained and Reasonable ratio of mining to caving in the corresponding area; the overall top-coal caving property and the characteristics and regularities that top-coal caving property influenced by thickness of coal seam,quantity of dirt bands and the position of the dirt bands are obtained. the results of top-coal caving property in extremely thick coal seam can be used by Laosangou coal mining and other similar coal mining with full-mechanized caving 万方数据 III mining. This paper has 96 figures, 30 tables and 73 references Keywords extremely thick coal seam;dirt band;top-coal caving property;caving ratio;fully mechanized caving 万方数据 IV 目 录目 录 摘摘 要要............................................................................................................................ I 目目 录录........................................................................................................................ XV 图清单图清单...................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单...................................................................................................................... XIII 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................... XV 1 绪论绪论............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 问题的提出与研究意义 ......................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状综述 ............................................................................................. 2 1.3 存在问题与不足 ..................................................................................................... 4 1.4 研究内容 ................................................................................................................. 5 1.5 研究方法与技术路线 ............................................................................................. 6 2 矿井地质条件及煤岩体物理力学性质矿井地质条件及煤岩体物理力学性质 ................................................................... 7 2.1 矿井概况 ................................................................................................................. 7 2.2 先期开采地段内 6 号煤层赋存特征 ..................................................................... 9 2.3 煤岩物理力学参数测试 ....................................................................................... 15 2.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 20 3 含夹矸顶煤破碎机理分析含夹矸顶煤破碎机理分析 ..................................................................................... 21 3.1 顶煤破碎力学机理分析 ....................................................................................... 21 3.2 夹矸层稳定性分析 ............................................................................................... 23 3.3 中位夹矸层临界厚度计算 ................................................................................... 24 3.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 25 4 特厚煤层顶煤冒放性物理模拟分析特厚煤层顶煤冒放性物理模拟分析 ..................................................................... 26 4.1 煤厚 20m 条件下顶煤冒放性模拟分析 ............................................................. 26 4.2 煤厚 25m 条件下顶煤冒放性模拟分析 ............................................................. 37 4.3 煤厚 30m 条件下顶煤冒放性模拟分析 ............................................................. 47 4.4 不同煤厚条件下顶煤冒放性对比分析 ............................................................... 57 4.5 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 58 5 特厚煤层顶煤冒放性数值模拟分析特厚煤层顶煤冒放性数值模拟分析 ..................................................................... 59 5.1 煤厚 20m 条件下顶煤冒放性数值模拟分析 ..................................................... 59 万方数据 V 5.2 煤厚 25m 条件下顶煤冒放性数值模拟分析 ..................................................... 68 5.3 煤厚 30m 条件下顶煤冒放性数值模拟分析 ..................................................... 79 5.4 不同煤厚条件下顶煤冒放性对比分析 ............................................................... 87 5.5 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 88 6 主要结论主要结论 ................................................................................................................. 89 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 91 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 95 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 96 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 97 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................... I Contents .................................................................................................................... VII List of Figures ......................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables .......................................................................................................... XIII List of Variables ....................................................................................................... XV 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Problem Introduction and Research Significance .................................................... 1 1.2 Overseas and Domestic Research Status ................................................................. 2 1.3 Problem .................................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Research Contents .................................................................................................... 5 1.5 Research Approaches and Technical Courses ......................................................... 6 2 Geological Conditions ............................................................................................... 7 2.1 General Situation of Coal Mine ............................................................................... 7 2.2 Occurrence Characteristics of No.6 Coal Seam in Early Mining Area ................... 9 2.3 Measurement of Physical and Mechanical Parameters of Coal and Rock ............. 15 2.4 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 20 3 Mechanics Analysis of Crushing Mechanisms of Top Coal with Dirt Band ..... 21 3.1 Mechanics Analysis of Top-coal，Crushing Mechanism ........................................ 21 3.2 Stability Analysis of Gangue Layer ............................................................................. 23 3.3 Calculation of Limit Thickness of Middle Gangue Layer ........................................ 24 3.4 Chapter Summary ........................................................................................................... 25 4 Simulation Analysis on Charging Physical Properties of Top Coal in Extremely Thick Coal Seam ........................................................................................................ 26 4.1 Physical Simulation Analysis of Top Coal Caving in Coal Thickness of 20m ..... 26 4.2 Physical Simulation Analysis of Top Coal Caving in Coal Thickness of 25m ..... 37 4.3 Physical Simulation Analysis of Top Coal Caving in Coal Thickness of 30m ..... 47 4.4 Comparative Analysis of Top Coal Caving under Different Coal Thickness Conditions .................................................................................................................... 57 4.5 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 58 万方数据 VII 5 Numerical Simulation of Top Coal Caving in Fully Mechanized Top Coal Caving Face ................................................................................................................ 61 5.1 Numerical Simulation Analysis of Top Coal Caving in Coal Thickness of 20m .. 59 5.2 Numerical Simulation Analysis of Top Coal Caving in Coal Thickness of 25m .. 68 5.3 Numerical Simulation Analysis of Top Coal Caving in Coal Thickness of 30m .. 79 5.4 Comparative Analysis of Top Coal Caving under Different Coal Thickness Conditions .................................................................................................................... 87 5.5 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 88 6 Main Conclusions .................................................................................................... 89 References ................................................................................................................... 91 Author’s Resume ........................................................................................................ 95 Declaration of Thesis ................................................................................................. 96 Thesis Data Collection ............................................................................................... 97 万方数据 VIII 图清单图清单 图序号 图名称 页码 图 1-1 技术路线图 6 Figure 1-1 Technology Roadmap 6 图 2-1 老三沟井田位置图 7 Figure 2-1 Location map of Laosangou mining area 7 图 2-2 老三沟井田地形地貌图 8 Figure2-2 Topographic map of Laosangou mine 8 图 2-3 煤层赋存柱状图 9 Figure 2-3 coal seam histogram of Laosangou mine 9 图 2-4 先期地段内 6 号煤层厚度统计结果 10 Figure 2-4 The picture of tatistical results of No. 6 coal seam thickness in early mining ar