变质量破碎泥岩渗透性的加速试验研究.pdf

博士学位论文 变质量破碎泥岩渗透性的加速试验研究 Accelerated Experimental Study on Permeability for Broken Mudstone with Mass Loss 作 者王路珍 导 师陈占清 教授 中国矿业大学 二○一四年六月 中图分类号 TB122 学校代码 10290 UDC 531 密 级 公开 国家重点基础研究发展计划项目（973 计划） 2013CB227900 国家自然科学基金委员会与神华集团有限责任公司联合资助项目 U1261201 国家自然科学基金项目50974107, 51304072 江苏省青蓝工程10QLD006 江苏省“333 高层次人才培养”项目 中国矿业大学 博士学位论文 变质量破碎泥岩渗透性的加速试验研究 Accelerated Experimental Study on Permeability for Broken Mudstone with Mass Loss 作 者 王路珍 导 师 陈占清 教授 申请学位 工学博士 培养单位 深部岩土力学与地下 工程国家重点实验室 学科专业 工程力学 研究方向 采动岩体渗流力学 答辩委员会主席 朱珍德 评 阅 人 学校送审 二○一四年六月 220 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明所呈交的学位论文变质量破碎泥岩渗透性的加速试验研 究 ，是本人在导师指导下，在中国矿业大学攻读学位期间进行的研究工作所取 得的成果。据我所知，除文中已经标明引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个 人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本文的研究做出贡献的个人和集体， 均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。 学位论文作者签名 年 月 日 学位论文使用授权声明 学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 论文审阅认定书 论文审阅认定书 研究生 王路珍 在规定的学习年限内， 按照研究生培养方 案的要求，完成了研究生课程的学习，成绩合格；在我的指导下完成 本学位论文,经审阅，论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同， 论文撰写格式符合学校的相关规定， 同意将本论文作为学位申请论文 送专家评审。 导师签字 年 月 日 致谢 致谢 本文是在导师陈占清教授的悉心指导下完成的。在论文选题、框架构建、内 容确定和最后的文理疏通、 审阅定稿等每一步工作中， 导师都倾注了大量的心血。 没有导师的指导，论文是不可能顺利完成的。从师三载，收获颇丰、感悟颇多。 陈占清教授正直的做人品格、严谨的治学态度、执着的科学追求都给我树立了榜 样。感谢陈老师，给我提供了很好的科研平台和一个团结、友善、自由、关爱的 工作学习环境。在此，向陈老师致以最诚挚的谢意。 感谢我的硕士生导师陈荣华教授对我一如既往的关心和帮助。 特别感谢茅献彪教授在我求学期间给予的帮助和指导， 在此对茅老师表示深 深的谢意。 感谢江苏师范大学李顺才教授在试验方面给予的极大帮助。 感谢力学系王连国教授、 白海波教授、 刘卫群教授、 赵玉成教授、 浦海教授、 马占国教授、杨静副教授、严圣平副教授等老师多年来在学习和生活中给予我的 关心和指导，使我不断的进步。 感谢卢爱红、冯梅梅和吴宇老师，他们对待科研的态度是我学习的榜样。 感谢师弟莘海德、张公一、周牧、王志飞，师兄梁忠宇，师妹倪晓燕在试验 方面给予的大力支持。 感谢力学系姚邦华博士、徐惠博士、茅蓉蓉博士、郭晓倩博士、李明博士、 张勃阳博士、刘玉博士、彭刚博士、郁邦永博士，高娟硕士、刘瑞雪硕士、陶静 硕士在一起求学路中的相互关心和鼓励。 衷心感谢深部岩土力学与地下工程国家重点实验室的领导和老师们三年来 在学习和生活上给予的关心。 感谢盐城工学院各级领导和同事的支持和帮助 感谢爱人孔海陵博士的默默支持和无私奉献，感谢父母、公婆和儿子的支持 和理解。 感谢论文所引用文献的作者。 最后，向在百忙之中对本论文审阅的各位专家致以诚挚的谢意 I 摘摘 要要 含陷落柱煤层开采时，由于水的溶蚀、冲蚀和磨蚀作用，陷落柱的孔隙度和 渗透性参量随时间变化，常常发生水流形态的转变，引发突水灾害。变质量破碎 岩体渗流研究成为陷落柱突水灾害防治的基础课题。陷落柱突水前，经历了长时 间的质量流失，加速渗透试验是模拟陷落柱质量迁移和流失的有效手段。本文对 质量流失过程中破碎岩体的渗透性进行加速试验研究，取得如下研究成果 （1）研制了能够体现溶蚀、冲蚀和磨蚀效应的变质量破碎岩石渗透试验系 统，本系统由轴向加载及位移控制子系统、渗透子系统、数据采集与分析子系统 和细小颗粒回收子系统构成，可满足泵站式和注射器式两种方式渗透试验的要 求，两种渗透方式切换自如。 （2）分析了溶蚀、冲蚀、磨蚀作用下破碎岩石的质量变化过程，建立了质 量流失率和表观毛密度变化率的表达式，解释了破碎岩石质量迁移和流失的机 理。 （3）通过变质量破碎泥岩渗透加速试验，建立了质量流失率与孔隙度、时 间的函数关系， 并构造了函数形状参数的遗传算法； 得到了 Talbol 幂指数和初始 孔隙度对质量流失率的影响规律。 （4）通过变质量破碎泥岩渗透加速试验，构建了变质量破碎泥岩渗透性参 量的遗传算法，得到不同 Talbol 幂指数和初始孔隙度下渗透率、非 Darcy 流 β 因 子和加速度系数的变化规律。 （5）通过变质量破碎泥岩水流形态转变试验，得到了水流形态转变前质量 流失时间、流失总质量与 Talbol 幂指数、初始孔隙度、压力梯度的关系，建立了 水流形态转变条件，运用质量流失的观点解释了破碎泥岩渗流失稳机理。 （6）考虑了加速因子对质量流失率的影响，构建了变质量破碎岩体渗流系 统动力学模型，设计了系统响应计算方法，模拟了任意 Talbol 幂指数、任意初始 孔隙度和任意压力梯度下破碎岩石质量流失率、孔隙度、渗透率、非 Darcy 流 β 因子、加速度系数、压力和渗流速度的时变过程。 该论文有图 90 幅，表 34 个，参考文献 221 篇。 关键词关键词质量流失；破碎泥岩；渗透性；加速试验；孔隙度；Talbol 幂指数 II Abstract When coal seams with collapse columns are mined, because of corrosion, washout and abrasive effect, porosity and permeability parameters of collapse columns will change with time, and water flow type always changes, which will result in water inrush. It is now a foundation issue to study seepage of broken rock with mass loss for preventing and curing the disaster of water inrush in collapse columns. Water inrush in collapse columns will happen after a long time process of mass loss, so that the acceleration test is an effective measure to simulate the mass migration and mass loss in collapse columns. Permeability of broken mudstone with mass loss was studied by acceleration tests, and the main results are listed as follows. 1 A penetration testing system for broken rock with mass loss was developed, which could embody corrosion, washout and abrasive effect. The penetration testing system is constituted by the subsystem of axial loading and displacement controlling, the subsystem of penetration, the subsystem of data collection and analysis and the subsystem of fine particles recovery, which could satisfied the requirements of both pump station type and injection syringe type penetration tests, and these two penetration types could be switched freely. 2 The process of mass changing for broken rock were analyzed under corrosion, washout and abrasive effect, the expressions of the rate of mass loss and rate of change of the apparent density were established, and the mechanism of mass migration and mass loss of broken rock was explained. 3 Based on penetration acceleration test for broken mudstone with mass loss, the function relationship among the rate of mass loss, porosity and time was established, and the genetic algorithm was constructed for the shape parameters of the function relationship above. The rules of influence on the rate of mass loss from Talbol power exponents and initial porosities were obtained. 4 Based on penetration acceleration test for broken mudstone with mass loss, the genetic algorithm was constructed for permeability parameters for broken mudstone with mass loss, and changing rules of influence on permeability parameters including permeability, non-Darcy flow β factor and acceleration coefficient from Talbol power exponents and initial porosities were obtained. 5 Based on the test of water flow type changing for broken rock with mass loss, relationships between duration of mass loss and Talbol power exponents, initial III porosities, pressure gradients were obtained, as well as relationships between lost mass and Talbol power exponents, initial porosities, pressure gradients. The conditions of water flow type changing were established, and the mechanism of seepage instability of broken mudstone was explained from the viewpoint of mass loss. 6 Considering the influence on the rate of mass loss from acceleration factor, the dynamic model of seepage system for broken rock with mass loss was constructed, and computing of the response of the dynamic system was designed, the time changing process of the rate of mass loss, porosity, permeability, non-Darcy flow β factor, acceleration coefficient, pressure and seepage velocity for broken rock under kinds of Talbol power exponents, initial porosities, pressure gradients were simulated. There are 90 figures, 34 tables and 221 references in this dissertation. Keywords mass loss; broken mudstone; permeability; acceleration test; porosity; Talbol power exponent IV Extended Abstract Collapse columns distribute widely in coal fields in North China, water inrush often happens once the collapse column is disclosed during mining. The broken structure character of filling in collapse columns and high penetration water pressure at the bottom of collapse columns are main factors to trigger water inrush in collapse columns. Due to corrosion, washout and abrasive effect from water flowed in broken rock, permeability parameters and porosity will change with time, and water flow type always changes, which will result in water inrush. It is now a foundation issue to study seepage of broken rock with mass loss for preventing and curing the disaster of water inrush in collapse columns. Water inrush in collapse columns will happen after a long time process of mass loss, so that acceleration test is an effective measure to simulate the mass migration and mass loss in collapse columns. Based on penetration acceleration test for broken mudstone with mass loss, theoretical analysis and numerical calculation are used comprehensively to study the influences on the rate of mass loss, porosity, permeability, non-Darcy flow β factor, acceleration coefficient, pressure and seepage velocity for broken rock from Talbol power exponents, initial porosities, pressure gradients. The main results are listed as follows. 1 A penetration testing system for broken rock with mass loss was developed, constituting by the subsystem of axial loading and displacement controlling, the subsystem of penetration, the subsystem of data collection and analysis and the subsystem of fine particles recovery. The penetration testing system has virtue in openness, and particles can migrate freely. The penetration testing system also can switch freely between pump station type and injection syringe type penetration. The penetration acceleration test for broken mudstone with mass loss was completed by pump station type penetration, which can realize penetration for broken rock with mass loss for a long time than 6 hours. The test of water flow type changing for broken rock with mass loss was completed by injection syringe type penetration, which can offer penetration water pressure at the bottom of specimens continuously and steadily. 2 The mass conservation equation for broken rock under corrosion, washout and abrasive effect was established, including the relations among the rate of mass loss, hydration reaction rate, velocity of particles migration and the rate of abrasion V and the relations between the rate of mass loss and rate of change of the apparent density. The mechanism of mass migration and mass loss of broken rock was explained. 3 The coefficients in the power exponential functions among permeability, non-Darcy flow β factor and acceleration coefficient were optimized by genetic algorithm, and the time series of permeability parameters for broken rock with mass loss were extracted successfully. At the same time, the coefficients in the relationships among the rate of mass loss, porosity and time were optimized by genetic algorithm. 4 The time changing curves of lost mass for broken mudstone were divided into two parts, one was the fast mass loss stage, and the other was the slow mass loss stage. In the fast mass loss stage, with Talbol power exponents decreasing and compressed quantities increasing, lost mass increased and the duration of mass loss decreased, and seepage great changing occurred obviously. In the slow mass loss stage, lost mass was related to the duration of mass loss, corrosion, washout and abrasive effect. When n0.10.6, the time changing curves of the rate of mass loss for broken mudstone were divided into the fast changing stage and the slow changing stage. When n0.71.0, the time changing curves of the rate of mass loss for broken mudstone were divided into the initial changing stage, the fast changing stage and the slow changing stage. The peak value of the rate of mass loss decreased with Talbol power exponents increasing, its magnitude changed from 104 gs-1m-3 to 10-1 gs-1m-3. 5 The initial porosity for broken mudstone increased with Talbol power exponents increasing under the same compressed quantities, while it decreased with compressed quantities increasing under the same Talbol power exponent. The time changing curves of porosity for broken mudstone were divided into the fast changing stage and the slow changing stage. In the fast changing stage, the pore structure adjusted extensively, because of a large quantity of lost mass. In the slow changing stage, the pore structure held steadily. The time changing rule of porosity rate of change was the same with the time changing rule of the rate of mass loss. 6 The time changing curves of seepage velocity, pressure gradient, permeability, non-Darcy flow β factor and acceleration coefficient for broken mudstone were divided into the initial seepage stage, the seepage great changing stage and the slow seepage stage. With time increasing, seepage velocity and permeability increased, but pressure gradient, non-Darcy flow β factor and acceleration coefficient decreased. The duration of seepage in the initial seepage stage was related with Talbol power VI exponents, compressed quantities and penetration water pressure. When seepage great changing happened for broken mudstone, the magnitudes of physical quantities decreased in steps with Talbol power exponents and compressed quantities increasing. The magnitudes of physical quantities above the steps changed larger, and the phenomenon of guniting happened with prominent dynamic pressure effect accompanying with mass loss in the tests. The magnitudes of physical quantities under the steps held steadily. In the slow seepage stage, seepage channels were unblocked in specimens, which were unrelated with Talbol power exponents and compressed quantities. 7 Based on the test of water flow type changing for broken rock with mass loss, it could be found that, the duration of seepage instability was longest when n0.5, Gp25MPa/m and φ00.116, while it was shortest when n0.1, Gp23.81MPa/m and φ00.158. When initial porosities of specimens were constant, the duration of seepage instability became shorter with pressure gradients increasing, and lost mass decreased with Talbol power exponents increasing. When seepage pressure differences of specimens were constant, with pressure gradients and Talbol power exponents increasing, the duration of seepage instability became longer when n0.10.5, and it would become shorter when n0.61.0. The rate of mass loss decreased with Talbol power exponents increasing. When Talbol power exponents of specimens were constant, with pressure gradients and initial porosities increasing, the duration of seepage instability became shorter, the lost mass and the rate of mass loss increased. 8 The relationships between duration of seepage instability and Talbol power exponents, initial porosities, pressure gradients were obtained, as well as relationships between lost mass and Talbol power exponents, initial porosities, pressure gradients. The conditions of water flow type changing were established, and the mechanism of seepage instability of broken mudstone was explained from the viewpoint of mass loss. 9 The dynamic model of seepage system for broken rock with mass loss was constructed, the character of which was introduced acceleration factor as correction term in the relationship among the rate of mass loss, porosity and time. Based on relationships among variables in the dynamic model, the response of the dynamic system was designed by Fast Explicit Finite Difference based on Lagrangian description. The time changing process of the rate of mass loss, porosity, permeability, non-Darcy flow β factor, acceleration coefficient, pressure and seepage velocity for VII broken rock under kinds of Talbol power exponents, initial porosities, pressure gradients were simulated. The astringency of this algorithmic was verified. Keywords mass loss; broken mudst