采动动载诱导围岩变形破坏的模拟试验研究(1).pdf

国家自然科学基金（51404269，51674253） 国家自然科学基金重点项目资助（51634001） 国家重点研发计划资助（2016YFC0801403） 江苏省重点研发计划资助（BE2015040） 硕士学位论文 采动动载诱导围岩变形破坏的 模拟试验研究 Simulation Experiment of Surrounding Rock Deation and Failure Induced by Mining Dynamic Load 作 者王盛川 导 师窦林名 教授 中国矿业大学 二○一七年五月 万方数据 中图分类号 TD324 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 采动动载诱导围岩变形破坏的 模拟试验研究 Simulation Experiment of Surrounding Rock Deation and Failure Induced by Mining Dynamic Load 作 者 王盛川 导 师 窦林名 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 岩体力学与岩层控制 答辩委员会主席 柏建彪 评 阅 人 刘长友、杨双锁 二○一七年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、 使用学位论文的规定， 同意本人所撰写的 学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一，学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位论 文的部分使用权， 即 ①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电子版， 可以使用影印、 缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文； ②为教学和科研目的， 学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书馆等场所或在 校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国国家图书馆保存研 究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 致谢致谢 时光荏苒研究生生涯转瞬即逝。如今回想，感慨颇深；在此，特别感谢我的导师 窦林名教授， 给予我悉心指导和大力支持。 在做人做事方面， 恩师以身作则给予我诸 多启迪，在学习和研究方面，言传身教耐心指导。导师渊博的知识、严谨的态度、朴 素的生活作风时刻感染着我。 论文的撰写， 更是得到了导师倾心教授， 从论文选题到 资料收集再至论文的整理完成无不浸透着导师的心血。 在论文完成之际， 特向恩师表 达深深的敬意和最诚挚的谢意。 论文的顺利完成， 离不开冲击矿压课题组老师及师兄弟的鼎力帮助， 期间得到了 牟宗龙教授、曹安业教授、巩思园副研究员、贺虎副教授、何江讲师、沈威博士、刘 广建博士、孙尚鹏硕士、井广成硕士、王常彬硕士、李静硕士、解嘉豪硕士、马志强 硕士、等的帮助，他们为本论文提供了许多宝贵的建议和帮助。 特别感谢朱广安博士、 马腾飞硕士、 李安宁硕士、 曹晋荣硕士及白金正硕士在理 论分析、 相似模拟试验中给予的大力支持和帮助。 三年的研究生生活弥足珍贵， 此生 难忘，在此向他们表示衷心的感谢。 感谢矿业工程学院、 深部煤炭资源开采教育部重点实验室、 采矿系的各位老师、 领导在生活上无微不至的关怀和科学研究上的指导。 感谢我远在他乡的父母， 感谢他们长期以来给予的关心和支持， 他们是我一直奋 斗的原动力。 感谢所有帮助、 关心和支持我的同学和朋友们， 你们的友谊是我今生最宝贵的财 富 最后，向百忙之中审阅本文和参加论文答辩的各位专家致谢，并恳请指正 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 随着我国煤矿开采强度和深度的不断增加，由动载诱发的冲击矿压灾害也逐渐 增加。 相似模拟试验作为重要实验室研究手段之一， 在国内外一些研究单位已开展了 冲击动载方面的试验和探索。但从冲击动载对围岩的破坏效应和破坏特点的角度进 行研究的较少， 且动载大多采用爆破模拟的形式。 为此， 本文以动静载荷组合加载相 似模拟试验为主要研究手段， 结合理论分析、 数值模拟等方法， 对采动动载诱导围岩 变形破坏的特征进行了研究。主要结论如下 基于冲击矿压动静载叠加原理及相似理论， 分析了围岩动、 静载应力条件。 依据 相似理论， 分析了动静载的特点及动载的相似性， 分析比较了相似比例系数， 在 MLT 系统中对弗洛德比尺因数中的主要变量量纲进行分析，确定了相似模拟试验的比尺 因数并对其量纲进行分析验证。 以急倾斜煤层地质条件为基础设计并完成了相似模拟试验，探究采场围岩的应 力分布特点及采动动载对其变形破坏的影响， 并确定了围岩冲击破坏加速度、 位移临 界值。结果表明同一水平分层，煤层底板左侧应力集中程度最高，且随着动载强度 的增大， 围岩响应特征更加明显，当模拟能量为 3.92105J 时发生冲击显现。相同动 载强度时， 随着传播距离的增加， 响应特征逐渐减弱， 但传播距离差别不大时应力条 件成为了响应大小的决定因素。 同时， 对采动动载诱导巷道围岩变形破坏进行了相似模拟试验研究。 结果表明 巷道模型中应力对称分布，顶底板左、右侧静载应力相同，中部应力较低。动载强度 增大导致围岩变形破坏更为严重。相同动载时，由于试验设备动载形式限制，巷道 “迎载侧”受动载影响最大，加速度、声发射事件更为明显，且模拟能量 9.00104J 时发生冲击破坏， “背载侧”响应程度略有衰弱，但总体仍处于较高水平，而处于径 向位置的巷道拱顶受扰动最小。 利用 FLAC2D数值模拟软件进行了对照模拟试验分析。 结果表明 动载传递过程 中在介质中将发生反射和透射， 从而引起煤岩应力变化， 动载强度越高， 诱发围岩变 形破坏越严重。 相同动载强度时， 由于围岩自由空间方向限制， 巷道顶底板在垂直方 向上响应特征更为明显， 而左右两帮在水平方向变形破坏更为严重， 且由于反射作用 左侧煤壁处变形破坏程度高于内部围岩。巷道“迎载侧”区域受动载影响较大，响应 特征较为明显。数值模拟分析与相似模拟试验结果一致，耦合性较好。 该论文有图 61 幅，表 16 个，参考文献 100 篇。 关键词关键词冲击矿压；采动动载；相似模拟试验；响应特征； 万方数据 II Abstract With the strength and depth of coal mining in our country rising,rock burst caused by mining dynamic load become more serious.As one of the important research s in laboratory,physical simulation of dynamic load has been explored and experimented by researchers who usually simulate by charging blasting and neglect the effect and feature of surrounding rock breakage caused by dynamic load.According to this situation, this paper mainly use physical simulation to analyze the deation and failure of surrounding rock,using throretical analysis,combing with numerical simulation and other research s to summarize the characteristics of damage induced by dynamic load.The main conclusions are as follows Based on the rock-burst theory of dynamic-static combined load and similarity thoery,analyze the condition of static and dynamic load..According to the similarity theory,analyze the feature of dynamic and static load and the similarity of dynamic load.The scale factor is compared and whose dimension is analyzed in the MLT system. The experiment is designed and finished basing on the geological conditions of the steeply inclined seam,in which the feature of stress distribution and the effect of surrounding rock caused by dynamic load is explored.The acceleration and displacement when the rock impacting failure has been defined.The results shows thatin the same layer,the stress concentration degree of the left section of the seam floor is highest,and the response characteristics of surrounding rock become more obvious as the load is stronger,the roadway impacted when the simulative energy is 3.92105J.With the same dynamic load,the response characteristics decayed as the transmission distance became longer.The stress condition became the determinant when the transmission distance was nearly. Another experiment is finished to explore the effect of surrounding rock caused by dynamic load.The results shows thatthe stess distribution is symmetrical,the static stress of the left and right sections of roadway roof and floor is the same,while the stress of the medium section is lower. The deation and failure also become more serious with higer load. With the same load,limited by the dynamic load of the experiment equipment,the effect caused by the dynamic load is largest of the left section of roadway where occurred the impact when the simulative energy is 9.00104J,the acceleration and the AE events are more obviously. the effetct of right section is smaller than the left,while that of the top section is smallest. Using FLAC2D numerical simulation software to comparative study.The results shows 万方数据 III that Reflection and transmissionthe occur and the stress of coal-rock varies as the dynamic load transmits in the medium.The effect of roadway surrounding rock becomes more obviously with higer load and the deation and failure become more serious. With the same dynamic load,limited by the direction of free space,the response characteristics of the roof and floor are more obviously in the vertical direction,while that of coal wall occur in the horizontal direction,the deation and failure of the left coal wall are more serious than that of the inner sourrounding rock because of the wave reflection effect.the results are the same as which in the physical simulation,the left section is obviously induced by the dynamic load,and the response characteristics are stronger.The results of numerical and physical simulation are the same. This thesis has 61 Figures, 16 tables, 100 references. Keywords rock burst; mining dynamic load;physical simulation experiment; response characteristic 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ................................................................................................................................... Ⅰ 目目 录录 ................................................................................................................................ Ⅳ 图清单图清单 ............................................................................................................................. Ⅷ 表清单表清单 ................................................................................................................................ Ⅺ 变量注释表变量注释表 ....................................................................................................................... Ⅻ 1.绪论绪论 ....................................................................................................................................1 1.1.研究背景及其意义 .........................................................................................................1 1.2.冲击矿压研究方法综述 .................................................................................................1 1.3.主要研究内容 .................................................................................................................5 1.4.研究方法 .........................................................................................................................5 1.5.研究路线 .........................................................................................................................6 2.动载诱发动载诱发围岩变形破坏的模拟试验理论基础围岩变形破坏的模拟试验理论基础 ................................................................7 2.1.引言 .................................................................................................................................7 2.2.动静载叠加原理 .............................................................................................................7 2.3.相似理论及量纲分析 .....................................................................................................8 2.4.小结 ...............................................................................................................................13 3.采动动载诱导采场围岩变形破坏采动动载诱导采场围岩变形破坏的相似模拟试验的相似模拟试验 ......................................................14 3.1.引言 ...............................................................................................................................14 3.2.试验目的和内容 ...........................................................................................................14 3.3.试验系统 .......................................................................................................................14 3.4.相似模拟试验模型设计 ...............................................................................................18 3.5.相似模拟试验方案 .......................................................................................................22 3.6.动载作用后煤岩变形特征及规律 ...............................................................................25 3.7.小结 ...............................................................................................................................43 4. 采动动载诱导巷道围岩变形破坏的相似模拟试采动动载诱导巷道围岩变形破坏的相似模拟试验验 ....................................................45 4.1.引言 ...............................................................................................................................45 4.2.试验模型设计 ...............................................................................................................45 4.3.试验方案 .......................................................................................................................47 4.4.煤岩变形破坏特征分析 ...............................................................................................49 万方数据 V 4.5.小结 ...............................................................................................................................55 5.采动动载诱导围岩变形破坏的数值模拟研究采动动载诱导围岩变形破坏的数值模拟研究 ..............................................................56 5.1.引言 ...............................................................................................................................56 5.2.模拟背景及模型建立 ...................................................................................................56 5.3.动载作用下煤岩变形破坏规律分析 ...........................................................................60 5.4.小结 ...............................................................................................................................70 6.主要结论主要结论 ..........................................................................................................................71 参考文献参考文献 .............................................................................................................................73 作者简历作者简历 .............................................................................................................................78 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 .........................................................................................................79 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 .................................................................................................................80 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract .............................................................................................................................. Ⅱ Contents ............................................................................................................................. VI List of Figures ................................................................................................................ Ⅷ List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... Ⅺ List of Variables ............................................................................................................... Ⅻ 1. Introduction .....................................................................................................................1 1.1. Research Background and Significance .........................................................................1 1.2. Research s of Rock Burst ...................................................................................1 1.3. Main Research Objectives ..............................................................................................5 1.4. Research Approaches .....................................................................................................5 1.5. Research Route ...............................................................................................................6 2. Simulation Experiment Theoretical Basis of Surrounding Rock Deation and Failure Caused by Dynamic Load......................................................................................7 2.1. Foreword ........................................................................................................................7 2.2. Theory of Dynamic and Static Combined Load .............................................................7 2.3. Similarity Theory and Analysis of Dimension ...............................................................8 2.4. Summary ......................................................................................................................13 3. Physical Simulation of Stope Surrounding Rock Deation and Failure Induced by Dynamic Load ...............................................................................................................14 3.1. Foreword ......................................................................................................................14 3.2. Experiment Object and Contents ..................................................................................14 3.3. Experiment System .......................................................................................................14 3.4. Model Design of Physical simulation Experiment .......................................................18 3.5. Experiment Scheme of Physical simulation Simulation ..............................................22 3.6. Characteristic and Law of Coal-Rock Deation induced by Dynamic Load .........25 3.7. Summary ......................................................................................................................43 4. Physical Simulation of Roadway Surrounding rock Deation and Failure Induced by Mining Dynamic Load .........................................................................