震动波CT技术在金庄煤矿冲击危险评价与预警中的应用.pdf

国家重点研发计划（2016YFC0801403） 国家自然科学基金（51404269） 江苏省重点研发计划（BE2015040） 江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目（SZBF2011-6-B35） 中央高校基本科研业务专项资金项目2014XT01 硕士学位论文 震动波 CT 技术在金庄煤矿冲击危险评价与预 警中的应用 Rockburst Risk uation and Application in Jinzhuang Coal Mine by Shock Wave CT Technique 作 者孙尚鹏 导 师巩思园 副研究员 中国矿业大学 二○一七年五月 万方数据 中图分类号 TD324 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 震动波 CT 技术在金庄煤矿冲击危险评价与预警 中的应用 Rockburst Risk uation and Application in Jinzhuang Coal Mine by Shock Wave CT Technique 作 者 孙尚鹏 导 师 巩思园 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 灾害防控 答辩委员会主席 柏建彪 评 阅 人 二○一七年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰写的学 位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一，学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位论文的 部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电子版，可以使 用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和科研目的，学校档案 馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书馆等场所或在校园网上供校 内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 致谢致谢 寒来暑往， 春秋几度， 自从 2014 年 9 月以来， 转眼间师从巩思园副研究员已近三载， 收获颇丰，感触亦深。巩老师渊博的知识积累、开阔的学术视野、严谨的治学态度、优 秀的做人品质和认真的工作态度深深地影响了我，这将是我一生为之奋斗的榜样。导师 从一开始对我高标准的严格要求，让我的硕士研究生学术生涯充满压力和竞争的同时也 收获满满，这也是我一生当中最为宝贵的经历和财富。本论文能够顺利的完成倾注了导 师大量的心血和汗水，从论文选题、构思、理论分析、撰写、修改到最后定稿的整个过 程都得到了导师悉心的指导与鼓励。师恩重如山，谨向我的恩师致以最崇高的敬意和最 诚挚的感谢，也要感谢导师在生活、做人、做事上给予的启示和帮助。 论文的顺利完成同时还离不开课题组的老师及师兄弟们的鼎力帮助。 感谢何江讲师、 蔡武讲师、朱广安博士、沈威博士、李静硕士、井广成硕士、王常彬硕士、王盛川硕士 在学术论文写作中提出的宝贵建议和帮助。同时还要感谢金庄煤矿田学春副总工程师在 论文撰写过程中给予的大力支持 感谢母校三年来对我的培养。感谢矿业工程学院、煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实 验室、采矿系的各位老师、领导对我本硕阶段学习和科研工作上的大力支持和关心，更 感谢你们对我的就业和生活等多个方面的指导。 特别感谢我的家人，是你们在我二十年来寒窗求学生涯中，无时无刻地牵挂着我的 学习与生活，不仅为我提供可靠的物质基础，让我得以安心学习；更是给了我无私奉献 的支持与鼓励，让我在挫折与失败中能够重新获得力量。在外求学数载，不能时常陪在 家人身边，是我莫大的遗憾，祝愿你们健康平安、幸福快乐、直到永远。 感谢本论文中所有引用文献的作者。 感谢所有帮助、 关心和支持我的同学和朋友们， 你们的友谊是我今生最宝贵的财富 最后，感谢论文的评审和答辩专家，感谢你们在百忙之中评阅本论文，衷心希望得 到你们的指导和帮助 孙尚鹏 2017 年 4 月 3 日 于中国矿业大学矿业科学中心 B530-2 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 论文针对实现金庄煤矿 3110-3 类孤岛工作面安全回采这一课题，采用综合指数法、 数值模拟与震动波 CT 法等手段，对该工作面回采前和回采过程中的应力分布和冲击危 险区域预测进行了系统研究，实现了该面的安全回采。 采用综合指数法对 3110-3 工作面冲击危险性进行了评价，认为该工作面不可采，但 是考虑到综合指数法是一种基于理论模型的宏观评价，其准确性有待于进一步考证和研 究，因此采用数值模拟和震动波 CT 法进一步对该面的冲击危险性进行深入研究。 实验研究发现应力与纵波波速间存在幂函数关系，说明震动波波速反演是研究区域 内应力分布进而实现冲击危险预警的有效手段。对 3110-3 工作面采用主动 CT 工业性试 验反演了工作面回采前的应力状态，发现工作面内存在一个强冲击危险区域，位于开切 眼及前方 120m 的范围；两个中等冲击危险区域，分别位于工作面靠近开切眼约 15m 的 材料巷和一采区专用回风巷与 3110-3 外运输巷交叉点开始的外运输巷 20～85m 范围。 评价结果可用于指导工作面回采前的冲击矿压解危方案的设计。 工作面回采后，为监测工作面回采过程中的应力分布，采用被动 CT 反演了五个时 间段内的波速分布图， 在可靠性范围内确定了前三个时段中 3110-2 工作面遗留煤柱存在 明显应力集中，而工作面回采并未导致 F3 断层活化，材料巷中也并未出现明显应力集 中。后两个阶段中，确定的重点防治区域为工作面前方的材料巷、运输巷的尾部及 3110- 3 工作面的外运输巷。与数值模拟对比分析发现，五个时段内，数值模拟同样确定了煤 柱区内存在高应力集中，但不同之处为受 F3 断层影响，断层附近的 3110-3 材料巷应力 集中更加明显，冲击危险性也更高。 利用记录的强矿震事件的震源位置和波速分布图与数值模拟进行了有效性对比，发 现强矿震大多数落在 CT 反演的高波速区，而极少落入数值模拟得到的高应力区域。因 此震动波 CT 预测技术相对数值模拟方法更能有效反映煤岩体应力，并能有效指导现场 防冲措施的实施，但由于被动 CT 中需要使用大量矿震事件，其实时性较差，且受台站 数量与位置影响较大，反演区域仍有限。 该论文有图 85 幅，表 15 个，参考文献 93 篇。 关键词关键词冲击矿压；综合指数法；数值模拟；震动波 CT 万方数据 II Abstract In this paper, aiming at the realization of the safe mining of 3110-3 working face in Jin Zhuang coal mine,we studied the stress distribution of the working face before and after mining by means of comprehensive index , numerical simulation and vibration wave CT . The safe mining is realized. uated the rockburst risk of 3110-3 working face by using comprehensive index , and considered that the working face is not recoverable. However, considering the comprehensive index is a macro uation based on the theoretical model and its accuracy needs to be further studied Therefore, we use numerical simulation and shock wave CT to further study the impact risk of the surface. The experimental results show that there is a power function relationship between the stress and the longitudinal wave velocity, which indicates that the inversion of the shock wave velocity is an effective to study the stress distribution in the region and to realize the early warning of the research area.The stress distribution was inversed by using the active CT industrial test on the 3110-3 working face, and it was found that there was one strong rockburst risk area, which was in the range of the open cut and the front 120m Two medium rockburst risk areas, located in the working face close to the opening hole about 15m of the material Lane and a mining area dedicated air return lane and 3110-3 outside the intersection of the traffic lane of the start of the 20 85m range. uation can be used as a guidance for rockburst control before coal mining. In order to monitor stress changes during mining, CT technique was adopted to depict velocity distribution in five periods. The results show that in the reliable regions, the stress concentration was observed in the left coal pillar near No.3110-2 working face in the first three periods, while mining process failed to activate F3 fault and stress concentration was not found in material roadway. In the last two periods, key rockburst areas were determined in the material roadway before working face, the end of traffic roadway and outside traffic roadway of No.3310-3 working face. The numerical simulation result also determined high stress regions in the coal pillar, but it indicated that stress concentration was more obvious around No.3310-3 material roadway influenced by fault, in other words, rockburst risk was more high in this area. In order to monitor stress changes during mining, CT technique was adopted to depict velocity distribution in five periods. The results show that in the reliable regions, the stress concentration was observed in the left coal pillar near No.3110-2 working face in the first three periods, while mining process failed to activate F3 fault and stress concentration was not found in material roadway. In the last two periods, key rockburst areas were determined in the material 万方数据 III roadway before working face, the end of traffic roadway and outside traffic roadway of No.3310-3 working face. The numerical simulation result also determined high stress regions in the coal pillar, but it indicated that stress concentration was more obvious around No.3310-3 material roadway influenced by fault, in other words, rockburst risk was more high in this area. This thesis has 85 figures, 15 tables and 93 references. Keywords Rockburst; Comprehensive index ; Numerical simulation; Seismic wave CT 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ......................................................................................................................................... I 目目 录录 ...................................................................................................................................... IV 图清单图清单 ................................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单 ................................................................................................................................... XIII 变量注释表变量注释表 ........................................................................................................................... XIV 1 绪论绪论 ......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景及意义 ................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 研究现状综述 ....................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 研究主要内容 ....................................................................................................................... 6 1.4 技术路线 ............................................................................................................................... 7 2 冲击危险的综合指数法分析冲击危险的综合指数法分析 ................................................................................................. 8 2.1 评价方法和评价流程 ........................................................................................................... 8 2.2 冲击危险因素分析 ............................................................................................................... 8 2.3 冲击危险指数评价 ............................................................................................................. 13 2.4 冲击危险区域划分 ............................................................................................................. 16 2.5 小结 ..................................................................................................................................... 19 3 工作面应力特征的数值模拟研究工作面应力特征的数值模拟研究 ....................................................................................... 20 3.1 数值模拟模型建立 ............................................................................................................. 20 3.2 数值模拟模型网格划分 ..................................................................................................... 21 3.3 数值模拟模型参数 ............................................................................................................. 21 3.4 数值模拟计算过程 ............................................................................................................. 22 3.5 数值模拟结果分析 ............................................................................................................. 22 3.6 小结 ..................................................................................................................................... 27 4 震动波震动波 CT 技术对冲击危险的预警应用技术对冲击危险的预警应用 ........................................................................... 29 4.1 应力与波速的关系 ............................................................................................................. 29 4.2 震动波 CT 原理 .................................................................................................................. 29 4.3 冲击危险预警准则 ............................................................................................................. 31 4.4 主动 CT 划分冲击危险区域 .............................................................................................. 32 4.5 冲击危险区域的调整 ......................................................................................................... 36 4.6 被动 CT 预警技术 .............................................................................................................. 39 万方数据 V 4.7 小结 ..................................................................................................................................... 57 5 震动波震动波 CT 用于冲击危险预警的有效性验证用于冲击危险预警的有效性验证 ................................................................... 59 5.1 主动 CT 与数值模拟对比 .................................................................................................. 59 5.2 被动 CT 与数值模拟对比 .................................................................................................. 60 5.3 CT 预警冲击危险的有效性验证 ....................................................................................... 62 5.4 小结 ..................................................................................................................................... 64 6 主要结论主要结论 ............................................................................................................................... 65 参考文献参考文献 .................................................................................................................................. 66 作者简历作者简历 .................................................................................................................................. 71 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 .............................................................................................................. 72 学位学位论文数据集论文数据集 ...................................................................................................................... 73 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract .................................................................................................................................... II Contents ................................................................................................................................... VI List of Figures ...................................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables ........................................................................................................................ XIII List of Variables ................................................................................................................... XIV 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research significance and background ................................................................................. 1 1.2 Present research ..................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Main research contents .......................................................................................................... 6 1.4 Research route ....................................................................................................................... 7 2 Rockburst uation by comprehensive index .................................................... 8 2.1 uation and uation process ........................................................................... 8 2.2 Analysis of rockburst risk factors .......................................................................................... 8 2.3 uation of rockburst risk index ...................................................................................... 13 2.4 Determination of hazardous areas ....................................................................................... 16 2.5 Summary ............................................................................................................................. 19 3 Numerical simulation study on stress characteristics in working face ........................... 20 3.1 Establishment of numerical simulation model .................................................................... 20 3.2 model mesh of Numerical Simulation ................................................................................. 21 3.3 Parameters of numerical simulation model ......................................................................... 21 3.4 Numerical simulation calculation ........................................................................................ 22 3.5 Analysis of numerical simulation results ............................................................................. 22 3.6 Summary ............................................................................................................................. 27 4 Rockbusrt early warning by shock wave CT .................