煤矿巷道树脂锚杆支护系统腐蚀现象试验研究.pdf
Experimental Study on Corrosion of Resin Bolt Support System in Coal Mine Roadway 申请人姓名 朱乾坤 指导教师 刘少伟 教授 学位类别 工学硕士 专业名称 矿业工程 研究方向 矿山压力与岩层控制 河南理工大学能源科学与工程学院河南理工大学能源科学与工程学院 二二○一一七七年年六六月月 煤矿巷道树脂锚杆支护系统腐蚀现煤矿巷道树脂锚杆支护系统腐蚀现 象试验研究象试验研究 全日制硕士学位论文 万方数据 万方数据 万方数据 中图分类号中图分类号TD353 密密 级公开级公开 UDC622 单位代码单位代码10460 煤矿巷道树脂锚杆支护系统腐蚀现象 试验研究 申请人姓名申请人姓名 朱乾坤朱乾坤 学 位 类 别学 位 类 别 工学硕士工学硕士 专 业 名 称专 业 名 称 矿业工程矿业工程 研 究 方 向研 究 方 向 矿山压力与岩层控制矿山压力与岩层控制 导师导师 刘少伟刘少伟 职职称称 教授教授 提 交 日 期提 交 日 期 2017.03 答 辩 日 期答 辩 日 期 2017.05 河南理工大学 万方数据 万方数据 致致 谢谢 光阴似箭,日月如梭,随着这篇论文的完成,我在河南理工大学能源科学与 工程学院硕士阶段学习生涯即将结束。三年时光转瞬即逝,这三年的阅历注定使 我受益终生。 首先,感谢我的恩师刘少伟教授,论文的完成离不开刘老师的耐心细致地指 导和帮助。刘老师为人热情随和,治学严谨,虽然行政、教学、科研任务繁重, 但总会抽出时间与我交流论文进展及遇到的困难并指出前进的方向,才使得论文 顺利完成。刘老师还关心我们平时的生活,让我们在学校感受到家的温暖,使我 们充满不断向前的动力。 感谢团队张辉副教授、贾后省博士等老师平时无私的帮助和指导。 感谢苏承东教授、李大伟教授、牛双建副教授、韦四江副教授、徐学锋副教 授等老师在开题和中期检查期间提供的指导和建议;感谢辛亚军副教授、刘俊岭 老师、杨大方老师、邢智峰老师等在试验方面提供的帮助;感谢史德新老师在生 活上给予的关心和支持。 感谢能源科学与工程学院各位授课老师辛勤的付出。 感谢李鑫涛、张祥、樊克松、岳杰、张玉竞、尚鹏翔、常建超等师兄平日的 关怀与帮助;感谢乔安震、付孟雄、程利兴、李文彬、罗亚飞、李亮、吉祥、李 国盛等各位亲在试验和论文写作中给予的鼓励和帮助;感谢舍友王乾、刘旭锋陪 伴一起度过三年美好的宿舍生活; 感谢 2014 级矿业工程学硕各位亲的陪伴和帮助。 感谢我的父母,他们的深切关怀和大力支持是我能够完成学业的动力 感谢论文中所引用文献的各位著、编、译者 感谢在百忙之中评阅本论文的专家、教授 由于本人知识水平和能力有限,文中的不足和浅显之处恳请各位专家、教授 批评、指正。 朱乾坤 2017 年 5 月 万方数据 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 目前,锚杆支护是我国煤矿巷道主要支护形式,为我国煤矿安全、高效生产 做出重大贡献。煤矿井下环境复杂,高温、高湿、淋水等在煤矿巷道中屡见不鲜, 服役于此的锚杆支护系统无时无刻不遭受恶劣环境的侵蚀,是导致锚固失效的重 要影响因素。论文采用文献调研、理论分析、实验室试验等方法,对煤矿巷道树 脂锚杆支护系统腐蚀现象进行深入研究。在借鉴已有成果的基础上,采用理论分 析、数值模拟等方法对煤矿巷道树脂锚杆支护系统各部件作用、受力方式进行详 细分析,并结合已有文献分析研究锚固系统工作环境;采用盐雾加速腐蚀试验方 法,对自然状态、受载锚杆及托盘进行加速腐蚀,研究其腐蚀现象、力学变化规 律,发现腐蚀会显著降低锚杆的强度极限、延伸率等。受载加速腐蚀锚杆性能劣 化更为严重,存在应力腐蚀现象,酸性盐雾加速腐蚀条件下应力腐蚀较为严重; 采用相似模拟方法,对锚固系统进行为期 21 天腐蚀试验,以拉拔力为指标研究腐 蚀对锚固效果影响,研究了不同腐蚀情况下锚固界面变化特征及腐蚀锚固失效机 理;基于试验研究获取指标提出了基于改进灰色关联度分析的锚杆支护耐久性的 评价方法,给出了一些锚固系统腐蚀防治措施建议。 关键词关键词煤矿巷道;锚杆支护;盐雾加速腐蚀;应力腐蚀;评价方法 万方数据 II 万方数据 III Abstract Nowadays, rockbolt support has been the main support technology of coal mine roadway in China, which have made a significant contribution to Chinas coal mine safety and efficient production. Coal mine underground environment is very complex. High temperature, high humidity and water spray are often seen in coal mine roadway, anchorage system servicing in those area are subjected to these harsh environment corrosion, which will be an important factor influencing anchorage structure. Literature research, theoretical analysis, laboratory experiment were used in this dissertation to study the corrosion of resin bolt support system in coal mine roadway. On the basis of the existing achievements, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation s were used to study the function and loading condition of each part of the rockbolt support system; combined with the existed literature, the work condition of anchorage structure in coal mine were analyzed. Salt spray accelerated corrosion was used to study unloaded/loaded rockbolts and bearing plates corrosion and mechanical characteristics, it was found that corrosion would significantly reduce the ultimate strength, elongation. The deterioration of the perance of the rockbolts were more serious, stress corrosion cracking was found, the stress corrosion was more serious under the condition of acid salt spray accelerated corrosion. Simulation was used to study the effect of corrosion on anchorage structure, these anchorage bodies were subjected to 21 days corrosion, pull-out load was set as the uation index, anchorage interface changing characteristics and rockbolting failure resulted from corrosion were also studied. Based on experimental study, uation of rockbolts duration based on improved grey relational grade analysis was proposed, some corrosion prevention measures of anchorage systems were given. Keywords coal mine roadway; rockbolt support; salt spray accelerated corrosion; stress corrosion; uation ology 万方数据 IV 万方数据 V 目目 录录 摘 要 ................................................................................................................................. I Abstract ........................................................................................................................... III 目 录 ............................................................................................................................. V 1 绪论 .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 选题依据 .................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ....................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 锚杆腐蚀分类 ............................................................................................................................ 2 1.2.2 锚杆腐蚀影响因素 .................................................................................................................... 3 1.2.3 腐蚀对锚固效果影响 ................................................................................................................ 6 1.2.4 树脂锚杆锚固腐蚀评价 ............................................................................................................ 8 1.2.5 腐蚀防护研究 ............................................................................................................................ 9 1.2.5 存在的主要问题 ........................................................................................................................ 9 1.3 论文主要研究内容 ................................................ 10 1.4 研究方法与技术路线 ............................................................................................. 11 2 锚固系统主要构件受力特征及工作环境分析 ........................................................ 13 2.1 概述 ......................................................................................................................... 13 2.2 锚杆支护中杆体的作用分析 ................................................................................. 13 2.2.1 锚固界面力的传递机制 .......................................................................................................... 13 2.2.2 锚杆能提供的支护强度 .......................................................................................................... 15 2.2.3 锚杆对不连续面的控制机理 .................................................................................................. 15 2.3 托盘作用及其受力特征 ......................................................................................... 19 2.3.1 托盘的作用 .............................................................................................................................. 19 2.3.2 托盘受力分析 .......................................................................................................................... 20 2.4 钢带和网的作用及受力机制 ................................................................................. 20 2.4.1 钢带的作用及其受力特征分析 .............................................................................................. 20 2.4.2 金属网的作用及其受力特征分析 .......................................................................................... 21 2.5 锚杆尾部螺纹段与螺母连接处受力分析 ............................................................. 22 2.6 锚固系统工作环境分析 ......................................................................................... 26 2.6.1 矿井淋水类型 .......................................................................................................................... 26 万方数据 VI 2.6.2 温度影响 .................................................................................................................................. 27 2.6.3 其它因素影响 .......................................................................................................................... 27 2.7 本章小结 .................................................................................................................. 27 3 无载荷状态锚杆杆体及托盘腐蚀试验研究 ............................................................. 29 3.1 腐蚀试验方法、溶液配制及设备 .......................................................................... 29 3.1.1 腐蚀试验模拟方法 .................................................................................................................. 29 3.1.2 腐蚀试验溶液配置 .................................................................................................................. 29 3.1.3 加速腐蚀试验装置 .................................................................................................................. 30 3.1.4 加速腐蚀试件 .......................................................................................................................... 31 3.2 中性盐雾环境下锚杆、托盘腐蚀试验 .................................................................. 31 3.2.1 中性盐雾环境下锚杆、托盘腐蚀表面变化规律 .................................................................. 31 3.2.2 中性盐雾腐蚀锚杆、托盘力学性能变化规律 ...................................................................... 34 3.2.3 中性盐雾腐蚀锚杆、托盘腐蚀前后质量变化规律 .............................................................. 39 3.2.4 中性盐雾腐蚀锚杆、托盘表面及锚杆拉伸破坏断口现象 .................................................. 40 3.3 酸性性盐雾环境下锚杆、托盘腐蚀试验 .............................................................. 45 3.3.1 酸性盐雾环境下锚杆、托盘腐蚀表面变化规律 .................................................................. 45 3.3.2 酸性盐雾腐蚀锚杆、托盘力学性能变化 .............................................................................. 47 3.3.3 酸性盐雾腐蚀锚杆、托盘腐蚀前后质量变化规律 .............................................................. 49 3.3.4 酸性盐雾腐蚀锚杆、托盘表面及锚杆拉伸破坏断口现象 .................................................. 50 3.4 本章小结 .................................................................................................................. 51 4 载荷作用下锚杆杆体及托盘腐蚀现象试验研究 ..................................................... 53 4.1 腐蚀试验环境、试验材料及试验支架设计制作 .................................................. 53 4.1.1 腐蚀试验环境 .......................................................................................................................... 53 4.1.2 试验材料准备 .......................................................................................................................... 53 4.1.3 腐蚀试验支架制作及试件安装 .............................................................................................. 53 4.2 中性盐雾试验锚固构件腐蚀现象及力学性能变化规律 ...................................... 54 4.2.1 锚杆、托盘腐蚀表面现象 ...................................................................................................... 54 4.2.2 载荷作用下锚杆、托盘力学性能变化规律 .......................................................................... 55 4.2.3 载荷作用下锚杆、托盘质量变化规律 .................................................................................. 58 4.2.4 锚杆拉伸破坏断口现象 .......................................................................................................... 58 万方数据 VII 4.3 酸性盐雾试验锚杆、托盘腐蚀现象及力学性能变化规律 ................................. 60 4.3.1 锚杆、托盘腐蚀表面现象 ...................................................................................................... 60 4.3.2 载荷作用下锚杆、托盘力学性能变化规律 .......................................................................... 60 4.3.3 载荷作用下锚杆、托盘质量变化规律 .................................................................................. 62 4.3.4 锚杆拉伸破坏断口现象 .......................................................................................................... 63 4.4 载荷作用下锚杆、托盘腐蚀过早破坏机理分析 ................................................. 65 4.4.1 载荷作用下锚杆、托盘腐蚀过早破坏分析 .......................................................................... 65 4.4.2 应力腐蚀导致锚固构件过早破坏分析 .................................................................................. 65 4.5 本章小结 ................................................................................................................. 68 5 树脂锚固锚固体腐蚀现象研究 ................................................................................ 69 5.1 相似模拟材料配制及模型制作 ............................................................................. 69 5.1.1 相似模拟材料配制 .................................................................................................................. 69 5.1.2 试验材料准备 .......................................................................................................................... 70 5.1.3 相似模拟模型制作 .................................................................................................................. 70 5.2 树脂锚杆锚固及锚固体腐蚀处理 ......................................................................... 71 5.2.1 树脂锚杆锚固 .......................................................................................................................... 71 5.2.2 锚固体腐蚀处理 ...................................................................................................................... 72 5.3 锚固体拉拔试验及结果分析 ................................................................................. 73 5.3.1 拉拔试验原理及所用设备 ...................................................................................................... 73 5.3.2 拉拔结果分析 .......................................................................................................................... 74 5.3.3 锚固界面腐蚀现象分析 .......................................................................................................... 78 5.3.4 腐蚀拉拔力降低机理分析 ...................................................................................................... 80 5.3.5 锚固体中锚杆腐蚀规律 .......................................................................................................... 82 5.4 本章小结 ................................................................................................................. 83 6 煤矿树脂锚固结构腐蚀耐久性评价及防腐措施 ............................................................ 85 6.1 煤矿树脂锚固结构腐蚀耐久性评价 ..................................................................... 85 6.1.1 煤矿树脂锚固结构腐蚀耐久性评估程序 .............................................................................. 85 6.1.2 煤矿树脂锚固结构腐蚀影响因素分析 .................................................................................. 86 6.1.3 煤矿树脂锚固结构腐蚀耐久性评估指标确定 ...................................................................... 87 6.1.4 煤矿树脂锚固结构腐蚀耐久性评估方法 .............................................................................. 88 万方数据 VIII 6.2 煤矿树脂锚杆锚固防腐措施 .................................................................................. 89 6.2.1 煤矿树脂锚杆锚固防腐必要性 .............................................................................................. 89 6.2.2 防腐措施选择的原则 .............................................................................................................. 89 6.2.3 我国锚固结构防腐相关规范 .................................................................................................. 89 6.2