苏北盆地上白垩统— 第三系层序地层与沉积演化.pdf

苏 北 盆 地 上 白 垩 统 第 三 系 层 序 地 层 与 沉 积 演 化 北 京 邱旭明 刘玉瑞 傅 强 著 内 容 提 要 本书 以层 序地层 学为 理论指 导,以盆 地 构 造 演化 、沉 积 旋 回 发育 决 定 沉 积体 系 与 层 序 格 架 特 征 为 主 线 ,对苏 北盆 地自晚 白垩 世以来 特别 是下第 三系的 沉积 体系演 化特 征进行 了全 面系统 研究,提出 了 研究 与 描 述断陷 型湖 盆沉积 的理 论思路 与技 术方法 。详细 阐述 了苏北 断陷 湖盆层 序地 层格架 的建立 、苏 北 断陷 盆 地 层序地 层模 式、高 邮凹 陷高分 辨率 层序地 层分析 以及 苏北断 陷湖 盆的沉 积体 系演化 特征等 内容 。 本书 可供 石油地 质与 海洋地 质专 业的研 究生以 及从 事油气 勘探 与开发 工作 的科研 人 员阅 读参考 。 图书在版编目 CIP数据 苏北盆地上白垩统第三系层序地层与沉积演化 /邱 旭明,刘玉瑞,傅强著 . 北京 地质出版社,2006. 5 ISBN 7116048448 Ⅰ. 苏. . . Ⅱ. ①邱. . . ②刘. . . ③傅. . . Ⅲ. 上白 垩统第三系 地层层序 沉积 研究 苏北地区 Ⅳ. P535. 253 中国版本图书馆 CIP 数据核字 2006第 045483 号 SUBEI PENDI SHANGBAIETONG ZHI DISANXI CENGXU DICENG YU CHENJI YANHUA 责 任编辑 刘 亚军 祁向 雷 杨 永强 责 任校对 李 玫 出 版发行 地 质出版 社 社 址邮编 北 京海淀 区学 院路 31 号,100083 电 话 010 82324508 邮 购部 ; 01082324578 编 辑室 网 址 http / /www. gph. com. cn 电 子邮箱 zbs gph. com. cn 传 真 010 82310759 印 刷 北 京印刷 学院 实习工 厂 开 本 787 mm 1092 mm 1 /16 印 张 10. 5 字 数 256 千字 印 数 1800 册 版 次 2006 年 5 月北 京第一 版第 一次 印刷 定 价 30. 00 元 ISBN 7116048448 /P2685 凡购买地质出版社的图书, 如有缺页、倒页、脱页者, 本社出版处负责调换 前 言 苏北盆地是扬子准地台东部一个白垩纪第三纪的大型断陷盆地,它发育于 下扬子地区的一整套古生代早中生代褶皱基础之上,面积 3. 5 万 km 2 ,可分为 3 个次级构造单元,自北向南为盐阜坳陷、建湖隆起和东台坳陷。其中东台坳陷由 金湖、高邮、溱潼、海安四个断陷组成,构成油气勘探的主体区域。 苏北盆地内中、新生界沉积厚度大、分布广。主要生储岩系为下第三系阜宁 组和上白垩统泰州组,其中泰二段、阜二、阜四段发育大套暗色泥质岩,属较稳 定的较深湖沉积,而泰一、阜一、阜三段发育砂岩为主的储层。 随着苏北盆地数十年的勘探与开发,已经发现并开发的油田均已进入中高含 水阶段,构造圈闭大多已经发现并实施钻探,寻找地层和岩性圈闭,特别是在凹 陷区寻找岩性油藏尚具有较大的潜力。随着层序地层学特别是高分辨率层序地层 学的发展,隐蔽油气藏的勘探进入了一个崭新的阶段,以寻找有利储集体为目标 的高精度层序地层学与传统的沉积相及沉积体系研究相结合,成为苏北盆地预测 隐蔽油气藏、发现新的油气储量的重要途径。 从层序地层学的观点出发,层序格架 中,可以根据最佳的生、储、盖组合来 预测有利相带,并在层序界面附近寻找地层油气藏,在最大洪泛面附近则容易形 成岩性上倾尖灭油气藏和岩性透镜体油气藏,低位体系域期间形成的各类扇体是 形成地层岩性圈闭的有利目标。 在不同的沉积体系、相带的物性特征、侧向变化情况中,发育在湖盆中的三 角洲沉积体系最有利于岩性地层油气藏的发育,其中三角洲前缘的水下分流河道、 河口坝等又是其中的“甜点” 。陆相沉积多水系与频繁的湖盆振荡,导致湖水大面 积收缩与扩张,使砂体与泥岩间互并与地层产状、断裂相匹配。从而形成不同类 型的隐蔽圈闭。 苏北盆地的构造发展史研究表明晚白垩世以来苏北盆地的形成与演化与当 时所处的板块位移以及郯庐大断裂活动密切相关。盆地形成可划分 3 个阶段第 一阶段为断 拗期 K2tE1f ,构造活动以张性剪切和拉张交替为特点,期间 3 次 张剪 拉张交替,导致湖盆扩张、海水入侵,形成全盆地最重要的 3 套烃源岩;第 二阶段为断陷期 E2dE2s ,该阶段以张 剪性断裂 活动为特点,产生构造 负反 转,形成一系列 NE 向张剪性断裂带,将前期统一拗陷盆地分割成 若干孤立性断 陷; 第三阶段为拗陷期 Ny ,该阶段以前期断陷盆地转化为平底 锅式坳陷盆地 为特点,形成以 Ny2期为代表的大型坳陷盆地。 在构造发展史研究的基础上,将上白垩统第三系划分为 2 个一级层序、3 个 Ⅰ 二级层序和 14 个三级层序;苏北盆地层序主要受构造与气候因素控制,3 次最大 湖泛面与湖侵伴生,为盆地造就了 3 个生烃潜力巨大的烃源岩;提出盆地内存在 的 3 种 断 拗型、断陷型和闭流湖盆型层序地层模式。 沉积相研究表明 始新统戴南组以湖相浅湖相沉积为主,局 部为河流相沉 积。其中尤以高邮凹陷和金湖凹陷储层沉积类型最为丰富。上述两凹陷的勘探实 践证实,在凹陷的两侧形成断陷背景控制下的沉积体系及有关成因类型砂体,油 气的富集受这些砂体控制。其中陆相层序各体系域中沉积体系与相组合规律在湖 侵或高位期由于湖域广、水体深,则有利于浊积体系发育,并构成主要储集类型; 湖相层序低位期在碎屑物供应充分时,与高位体系域一样,均是河流三角洲发 育最重要的时期,并构成 良好的油气聚集 空间。随着 苏北盆地勘 探工作的 进展, 隐蔽圈闭成为勘探的主要目标。因此,利 用钻井岩心、测井、地震资 料,更新对 苏北盆地泰州组下第三系沉积体系的认识;开展以高精度层序地层学为主要技 术方法的沉积体系及岩相演化特征研究,确定其沉积体系,找寻有利油气储集的 岩相带发育部位及其空间展布,进而总结该凹陷的岩相与构造、有利储集砂体与 烃源岩、油气的富集与成藏规律,指出隐蔽圈闭形成与发育分布的有利地区,为 下一步的勘探与开发目标提供重要的科学根据和可靠的基础地质成果。 沉积体系及其演化方面 苏北盆地不同时期的沉积体系与演化直接受制于盆 地的构造演化。断 拗时期,层序Ⅰ1、Ⅰ2和Ⅰ3中的 3 个湖侵体系域,除 K2t2时 期湖盆分布在金湖 洪泽凹陷以东外,随着后期 E1f2、E1f4湖侵规模愈来愈大, 湖盆广覆现今全部残留盆地,且向东部水体加深,主要为深 半深湖相沉积; 断陷 期,原湖侵形成的统一湖盆被分割成以凹陷为单元多个沉积中心。苏北盆地下第 三系阜一段从西向东水体逐渐变深,到海安凹陷已经转变为暗色泥岩沉积,成为 深湖沉积环境; 而阜二段水体向东水体更深;三垛组在海安凹陷出现绿色泥岩或 灰色泥岩,预示出水体已经开始变深,向黄海海域有可能成为烃源岩的可能。预 示出由海安凹陷向东油气勘探前景更好。 本书就是在沉积与构造控制岩性地层油气藏形成与分布的指导思想上,以苏 北复杂的小型断陷为目标,分析其沉积体系与沉积相的演化发育特征,为我国其 他类似的断陷沉积体系与沉积演化研究提供研究范例, “抛砖引玉” ,期待国内有 识之士共同推动沉积相与沉积体系演化研究在油气勘探中的应用。 本书也是苏北盆地沉积体系与沉积相研究的一次总结与提高,体现着许多人 的智慧。他们是张国栋教授、章志英教授、刘成杰高 工,游瑜春、武晓 光、陆梅 娟、陆音、刘喜欢等同志也参加岩心观察与描述工作,陈宪和同志绘制了部分图 件。在此向他们表示衷心感谢。 作 者 2006 年 4 月 Ⅱ Preface Subei Basin is a large fault-depressed basin, which belongs to Cretaceous to Tertiary in east of Yangzi Paraplat. It developed on a whole fold belt, which belongs to Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic. It s area is 3. 5 10 4 km 2 . From north to south there are three secondary structural u- nits Yanfu Depression; Jianhu uplift and Dongtai depression. The Dongtai depression is com- posed of Jinhu Fault-depressed; Gaoyou Fault-depressed; Qintong Fault-depressed and Haian Fault-depressed. They are the main part areas for oil and gas exploration in Subei basin. The Mes- ozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary rocks in Subei Basin are greatly thickness and Widely distribu- tion. The main source rock-reservoir is developed in Palaeogene Funing Group. The dark clay- stone developed in No. 2 segment and No. 4 segment of Funing Group, which belong to sustained deep-lake deposition. The No. 1 segment and No. 3 segment of Funing Group developed lots of sandstone reservoirs. The Palaeogene Dainan Group and Early Cretaceous Taizhou Group had also developed source rocks in parts areas. With exploration and development of Subei basin for many years, the oil fields, which had been discovered, and explorated, has achieved high containing water stage. Most structural traps have been discovered and bring into drilling. It shows that there are great potentials in searching stratum and lithologic tap, especially lithologic oil pool in sag areas. With development of se- quence stratigraphy, especially high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, the exploration of subtle pool has gone into a new period. It is an important way to predict subtle pool and find new oil re- serves using high-resolution sequence stratigraphy which search good reservoirs in purpose, in- tegrate with the traditional sedimentary facies and sedimentary system in Subei Basin. The lithos- tratigraphic oil pools, which are controlled by lithofacies and stratum, have become the most real- istic, most potential and most universal new territory. From the concept of sequence stratigraphy, in the frames of sequences, it can predict favora- ble facies belts and find stratum oil pool near the sequence boundary by optimal combination of source rock, reservoir and cap rock. Near the maximum-flooding surface, it can easily develop li- thologic up-dip pinchout oil pool and lithologic lenticular body pool.All kinds of fanbodies, which developed in the time of low order system tract, are the lucrative target of developing stra- tum lithologic trap. Based on the different facies belts in deferent sedimentary systems; physical property charac- teristics and the condition of lateral variation, the delta sedimentary system which developed in lake basin are favor of developing lithostratigraphy oil pools. In the delta sedimentary system, the underwater distributary s channels and mouth bars of delta front are the“sweet point”. There are lots of water systems and the shaking of lake basin are frequently in continental deposite, which Ⅲ lead to great shrinking and expanding of lake water. The sandbodies and source rocks are wide- spread contacted, which make all kinds of reservoirs have more chances to become oil pools. Based on the tectonic development history of Subei Basin the development and evolution of Subei Basin are closely relationship with Yangzi plate disposition and Tanlu rupture activity. The basin ation can be divided into three periods The first stage is fault sag K2tE1fperiods, the tectonic activity feature was open-shearing and draw-opening alternation three times, which leading to lake basin expanding and seawater intruding and three most important source rock were developed in the basin. The second stage is fault depression E2dE2s . The second stage is fault depression E2dE2speriods, the tectonic activity feature was open-shearing activity, which caused a series of NE direction open-shearing fracture belts and the structure carrying on the back reversion, the earlier days united depression basin was divided into several isolated fault sag. The third stage is depression Ny periods; the feature was the flat bed pot type depression basin was transed from pre-downfaulted basin. The large depression basin was ed in Ny2 periods. Based on the tectonic development history, the stratum of Early Cretaceous to Tertiary can be divided into two first order sequence, three seconds order sequence and fourteen third order se- quence. The sequences are controlled by structure and climate in Subei Basin, the three maxi- mum-flooding surfaces and lake invasion happened in the same time, which make the basin devel- oped three great source rock groups. Three kinds of stratigraphic models of sequence in the basin are proposed, they are fault-disobey type, fault depression type and closed lake basin type. The research of sedimentary facies shows the deposit of the Eocene Dainan Group is mainly in lacus- trine facies and sublacustrine facies, in some areas it deposits with fluvial facies. There are great deal of reservoir sedimentary types in Gaoyou Sag and Jinhu Sag. The exploration of the two sags approved the sedimentary system and sandbody types were controlled by depression background, which developed in both sides of the sags; the oil accumulation was controlled by the sandbodies. The turbidite deposit system, which can compose main reservoir, was developed in lake invasion or high order periods with large lake areas and deep water in continental sequences system. The lacustrine facies sequence of low order periods with abundant clastic fragments just like high order periods is the most important periods for the development of river and delta sedimentary system, the sand rock has favorable space for oil and gas accumulation. The subtle trap become the mainly goal for exploration with the improvement of the exploration for Subei Basin. Therefore, the sedi- mentary system of Late Crataceous Taizhou Group to Paleogene should be recognizanced by using drilling core; logging; seismic datum.High-resolution sequence stratigraphy was taking as the mainly technical to develop the knowledge of sedimentary system and lithofacies evolution feature. The position and distribution of beneficial lithofacies belt for oil accumulation should be finding. The rules of lithofacies and structure; reservoir sandbodies and source rocks; oil enrich- ment and accumulation in the sag are summarized. The ation and distribution favorable area of subtle traps are indicated, which provide the important scientific foundations and credible geo- logical outcome. Ⅳ The different periods of sedimentary systems and evolution are controlled by the tectonic evo- lution of basin in Subei Basin. There are three times lake invasion system between sequenceⅠ1、 sequenceⅠ2and sequenceⅠ3in the fault sag period.The lake invasion scales from Cretaceous Taizhou group K2t2to Tertiary Funing2 and 4 group E1f2、E1f4 was more and more large in the whole basin, the sedimentary facies is deep lake to semilake and the depth of the basin in the east was more than in the west. At the fault depression period, the unite lake basin ed by lake invasion was break up some sag with independent depocenter. The lake depth at Tertiary Fu- ning group was became more deeper from west to east, Dark clay deposited in Haian sag which was deep lake facies at the same time. The lake depth was more deep at the east of the basin from Funing 1group to Funing 2 group. The dark and green clay of Sanduo group appeared in the Haian sag that indicated the source rock could be find in the Yellow sea basin. the exploration foreground from Haian sag to east is much more better. The book base on the development and distribution of stratum lithologic oil pool, which con- trolled by sedimentary and structure. The small fault depression in Subei basin is the example that the characteristics of the evolution and development for the sedimentary system and sedimentary facies is analysed, which setting an example to research other same depression sedimentary system and sedimentary evolution in China. We expect other scholars to promote the application of sedi- mentary facies and sedimentary system in oil exploration. The book is a summarization and advancement of research for sedimentary system and sedi- mentary facies in Subei Basin.It shows many people′ s harvest. They are Professor Zhang Gu- odong; Professor Zhang Zhiying; Engineer Liu Chengjie. You Yuchun; Wu Xiaoguang; Lu Mei- juan; Lu Yin and Liu Xihuan do some observation and dicription work for the cores, Chen Xian- he do some drawing. We thank them sincerely . Ⅴ 目 录 前 言 1 区域地质背景 1⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 1. 1 白垩系第三系地层与旋回特征 1⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 1. 1. 1 泰州组 K2t 1⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 1. 1. 2 阜宁组 E1f 3⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 1. 1. 3 戴南组 E2d 4⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 1. 1. 4 三垛组 E2s 5⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 1. 1. 5 盐城组 Ny 6⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 1. 1. 6 白垩系第三系火山岩夹层地质特征 7⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 1. 2 盆内构造单元划分与盆地构造演化 7⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 1. 2. 1 盆内构造单元的划分 7⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 1. 2. 2 盆地构造演化 8⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 1. 3 苏北盆地泰州组三垛组地层划分与对比12⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 1. 3. 1 层序划分与组段、砂层组界线划分对比12⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 1. 3. 2 沉积特征20⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 2 区域层序地层学研究22⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 2. 1 陆相层序地层学应用与研究22⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 2. 1. 1 当前层序地层学理论与学派22⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 2. 1. 2 陆相层序地层发育的主要特点23⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 2. 1. 3 层序地层学在陆相沉积中的应用23⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 2. 2 苏北盆地层序划分标志与层序地层框架24⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 2. 2. 1 层序级别的划分24⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 2. 2. 2 层序边界的识别25⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 2. 2. 3 层序地层框架建立36⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 2. 3 苏北盆地层序的基本特征37⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 2. 3. 1 层序类型与特征37⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 2. 3. 2 湖平面升降和体系域类型44⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 2. 3. 3 层序与准层序组46⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 2. 4 苏北盆地层序地层模式50⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ Ⅶ 2. 4. 1 断 坳型盆地层序模式51⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 2. 4. 2 断陷型盆地层序地层模式52⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 2. 4. 3 闭流湖盆层序地层模式54⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 3 高邮凹陷高分辨率层序地层学研究56⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 3. 1 高分辨率层序地层学原理与特点56⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 3. 1. 1 高分辨率旋回层序地层原理56⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 3. 1. 2 基准面旋回层序划分56⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 3. 1. 3 沉积基准面旋回57⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 3. 1. 4 可容纳空间与沉积物的体积分配59⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 3. 1. 5 相分异作用60⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 3. 2 泰州组基准面旋回分析61⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 3. 2. 1 泰州组基准面旋回划分61⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 3. 2. 2 泰州组基准面旋回的特点61⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 3. 3 阜宁组基准面旋回分析63⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 3. 3. 1 阜一段基准面旋回分析64⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 3. 3. 2 阜二段基准面旋回分析64⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 3. 3. 3 阜三段基准面旋回分析66⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 3. 3. 4 阜四段基准面旋回分析66⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 3. 4 戴南组基准面旋回分析68⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 3. 4. 1 戴一段基准面旋回分析68⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 3. 4. 2 戴二段基准面旋回分析69⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 3. 5 三垛组基准面旋回分析71⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 3. 5. 1 垛一段基准面旋回分析71⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 3. 5. 2 垛二段基准面旋回分析74⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 4 沉积体系及其成因相类型75⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 4. 1 盆地古环境特征75⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 4. 1. 1 有关遭受海侵的证据75⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 4. 1. 2 海侵发生时的古构造背景与海侵方向推断77⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 4. 1. 3 海侵影响下形成的环境78⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 4. 2 沉积体系及其成因相类型79⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 4. 2. 1 冲积扇沉积体系及其成因类型79⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 4. 2. 2 河流沉积体系及其成因相类型83⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 4. 2. 3 扇三角洲沉积体系及其成因相类型87⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ Ⅷ 4. 2. 4 三角洲沉积体系及其成因类型90⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 4. 2. 5 近岸水下冲积扇沉积体系及其成因相类型96⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 4. 2. 6 湖泊沉积体系及其成因相类型 100⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 4. 2. 7 盐湖