钻孔充水承压固液耦合爆破岩体增裂机理研究.pdf

博士学位论文 钻孔充水承压固液耦合爆破岩体 增裂机理研究 Study on Rock Fracturing Enhancement Mechanism of Solid-liquid Coupling Blasting with Borehole Confined Water 作者陈宝宝 导师刘长友 教授 中国矿业大学 二○一九年五月 国家自然科学基金项目51604262资助 国家自然科学基金项目51574220资助 江苏省自然科学基金项目BK20160256资助 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一，学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 中图分类号 TD8 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 博士学位论文 钻孔充水承压固液耦合爆破岩体增裂 机理研究 Study on Rock Fracturing Enhancement Mechanism of Solid-liquid Coupling Blasting with Borehole Confined Water 作 者 陈宝宝 导 师 刘长友 教授 申请学位 工学博士学位 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 岩体力学与岩层控制 答辩委员会主席 曹胜根 评 阅 人 盲审 二○一九年五月 万方数据 致谢致谢 十一年的矿大生活即将落幕，我的毕业论文成为这首漫长乐章的终止符，虽 然已接近尾声，但奋斗的主旋律却从不曾改变，我不停地努力着奋斗着，只为给 求学生涯划上无憾的句号。而今博士论文终于完成，颇多感慨满溢胸膛。在论文 撰写过程中，我得到过很多人的支持与帮助，在此我要衷心地感谢所有给予我帮 助的师长和同学。 首先，我要感谢我的导师刘长友教授。硕士三年，博士四年，他一直对我悉 心指导，诸般恩情，历历在目，言犹在耳，铭感五内。从论文开题、撰写直至定 稿，刘老师都给予我关心指导，为论文倾注了大量心血，对我论文中的欠妥之处 反复修改批注，对值得商榷揣摩之处提出中肯的建议，并一一列出，使我在撰写 过程中受益良多。在刘老师的督促与启迪下，我终于完成了博士论文写作，同时， 学术视野和写作水平也有了很大的提升。 感谢课题组杨敬轩老师，自读研开始，在科研、学术写作，尤其是博士毕业 论文撰写方面给予巨大帮助，在此向杨敬轩老师表示衷心感谢另外还要感谢杨 培举老师、鲁岩老师、吴锋锋老师、张宁波老师以及课题组的师兄弟们，他们在 科研及生活上给予了我极大帮助，与他们在一起的这段岁月有许多难忘的记忆 感谢我的父母，他们给了我精神和物质上的支持，使我在科研之路上安心地 前行，正是他们的信任和鼓励，陪我渡过了寒窗苦读的二十余载感谢我的女友， 是她真情的守护与默默无闻的付出，使我内心的科研信念永驻，在一起六年多的 时间里，我把大量的时间分配给实验室和论文，而对她的陪伴则少之又少，是她 不离不弃，鼓励我支持我，为我提供了动力与保障。 感谢同煤集团总工程师于斌教授、同煤技术中心杨智文主任、王爱国总工、 孟祥斌工程师、研究院赵军副院长、刘锦荣所长以及忻州窑矿现场技术人员在方 案实施及数据收集方面给予的大力支持 谨以此文感谢我在矿大遇到过的所有人，感谢你们，让我的青春如此多彩 感谢为本论文的写作提供过帮助的老师们同学们，谢谢 同时，也要感谢各位评审专家、教授学者，谢谢他们在百忙之中拿出时间为 我的论文提出的意见，我将虚心听取并做出细致地修改。 陈宝宝 2019 年 5 月 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 坚硬顶板控制一直是我国煤矿岩层控制中的重点和难点问题。伴随煤炭资源 开采深度与强度的增加，煤炭高效开发伴生的坚硬顶板事故和灾害问题愈加突出。 厚煤层开采覆岩扰动层位高，加剧了顶板断裂扰动范围和程度，使得采场强矿压 显现独具特点。在此条件下，开展高效的顶板控制技术与机理研究，是坚硬顶板 煤层安全高效开采的重要保证。基于此，提出了一种钻孔围岩充水承压爆破致裂 技术，借助孔内水介质和浸润改性岩体的优越传载性能，实现了爆炸高能量的充 分利用，并综合多种方法研究了多介质层内的波动传载规律和爆生气体膨胀过程， 揭示了孔内充水承压爆破高效破岩机理，为矿井坚硬顶板合理爆破预裂参数的确 定提供了科学依据。论文研究取得以下成果 （1）高应变率加载条件下，天然与浸润岩体应力-应变曲线相似，随着浸润时 间与浸水压力增加，岩石强度伴随应变率提高呈指数增长。低应变率条件下，天 然、浸润岩石的抗压/抗拉强度和应变率之间分别满足指数与对数关系，且随着浸 润时间和浸水压力的增加，岩石强度有所降低。综合研究指出，浸润岩石高应变 率加载下的脆性与强度均有所增加，但低应变率条件下其强度普遍趋于弱化。 （2）在凝聚态炸药爆轰参数分析基础上，探讨了钻孔中水介质层的波动传载 规律及破岩机制，建立了承压水层的波动传载、致裂力学模型，揭示了钻孔充水 承压条件下的波动高效破岩机制，并在爆炸波破岩分析的基础上，进一步阐述了 爆生气体联合孔内水介质的高效增裂机理。综合研究指出，钻孔内水介质的存在 利于波动传载效能的充分发挥，通过适当提高孔内水介质的压力，改善浸水岩体 动态力学特性，有利于岩体高效致裂效果的实现。 （3） 研究了大尺寸工程岩体承压爆破条件下的孔壁围岩应力、 裂隙演化规律， 重点探讨了钻孔承压水层厚度、孔内装药量、孔内水介质承压大小以及空孔存在 条件等因素对浸水岩体爆破致裂的影响，得到了影响岩体爆破高效致裂效果的主 控因素。同时，结合矿井厚煤层具体开采条件，确定了合理的坚硬顶板承压爆破 参数，深孔充水承压爆破技术的现场实施取得了显著的坚硬顶板预裂和采场卸压 效果。 该论文有图 174 幅，表 14 个，参考文献 129 篇。 关键词关键词坚硬顶板；承压爆破；浸润改性；波动破岩；气液增裂；裂隙扩展 万方数据 II Abstract Hard roof controlling has been a key and difficult issue for coal mine strata control in China. With the increase of depth and intensity of coal mining, the problems of hard roof accidents and disasters become more and more prominent associated with efficient coal mining. The high disturbance level of overlying strata in thick coal seam mining aggravates the disturbance range and degree of roof fracture, which makes strong pressure behavior of the stope exhabit unique characteristics. Under these conditions, it is an important guarantee for safe and efficient mining of hard roof coal seam to carry out the research on the efficient roof control technology and mechanism. Based on these, a new fracturing technology of confined pressure blasting with water-filled in borehole surrounding rock is proposed. By virtue of the superior load transfer perance of water medium in borehole and infiltration-modified rock mass, the full utilization of high explosion energy is realized. Various s are employed for researching the law of wave load transfer and the process of detonation gas expansion in multi-medium layer and reveal the high-efficiency rock fracturing mechanism of confined pressure blasting with water-filled in boreholes, which provides a scientific basis for determining reasonable blasting pre-splitting parameters of hard roof blasting in coal mines. The results have been achieved in the paper as follows 1 Under the condition of high strain rate loading, the stress-strain curves of natural and infiltrated rock mass are similar. With the increase of infiltration time and water pressure, the strength of rock increases exponentially with the rise of strain rate. Under the condition of low strain rate, the relationship between compressive/tensile strength and strain rate of natural and infiltrated rock satisfies exponential and logarithmic relationship respectively, and meanwhile the strength of rock decreases with the rise of infiltration time and water pressure. A comprehensive study points out that the brittleness and strength of infiltrated rock under high strain rate increase, but the strength tends to weaken under low strain rate. 2 Based on the analysis on detonation parameters of condensate explosives, the wave load transfer law in water medium layer and rock fracturing mechanism are discussed, and the mechanical model of wave load transfer and fracturing of confined pressure water layer is established, revealing the mechanism of high-efficiency rock fracturing under the condition of confined pressure with water-filled in borehole. On the basis of the analysis on rock fracturing by explosive wave, the mechanism of high 万方数据 III efficiency fracturing enhancement of detonation gas combined with water medium is further expounded. A comprehensive study points out that the existence of water medium in boreholes is favorable for the full utilization of wave load transfer efficiency. By properly increasing the pressure of the water medium in boreholes and improving the dynamic mechanical properties of the infiltration rock mass, it is beneficial to the realization of the high-efficiency fracturing effect of the rock mass. 3 The evolution law of stress and fracture in surrounding rock of large-scale engineering rock mass under confined pressure blasting is studied. The influence of factors such as the thickness of confined water layer in borehole, charge quantity, confined pressure of water medium and existing condition of empty hole on blasting fracturing of infiltration rock mass is discussed, obtaining the main controlling factors affecting the high-efficiency blasting fracturing effect of rock mass. Meanwhile, combined with the specific mining conditions of thick coal seam, reasonable parameters of confined pressure blasting for the hard roof are determined. The field implementation of deep-hole confined pressure blasting with water-filled technology has achieved remarkable effect on the hard roof pre-splitting and stope pressure relief. This thesis includes 174 Figures, 14 Tables and 129 References. Keywords hard roof; confined pressure blasting; infiltration modification; wave fracturing rock; detonation gas and confined water fracturing enhancement; crack propagation 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘要摘要 ................................................................................................................................... I 目录目录 ................................................................................................................................ IV 图清单图清单 ......................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单 ...................................................................................................................... XVIII 变量注释表变量注释表 ................................................................................................................. XIX 1 绪论绪论 .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 问题的提出及研究意义 ........................................................................................... 1 1.2 研究现状 ................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 主要研究内容 ........................................................................................................... 7 1.4 研究方法和技术路线 ............................................................................................... 8 2 浸润岩石动态力学特征浸润岩石动态力学特征 ............................................................................................ 10 2.1 岩石力学参数测试原理 ......................................................................................... 10 2.2 高应变率下浸润岩石力学特性 ............................................................................. 16 2.3 低应变率下浸润岩石强度特性 ............................................................................. 22 2.4 不同应变率下浸润砂岩强度分段拟合 ................................................................. 30 2.5 小结 ......................................................................................................................... 31 3 钻孔充水承压爆破波动传载及其破岩机理钻孔充水承压爆破波动传载及其破岩机理 ............................................................ 33 3.1 凝聚态炸药高爆能产生及爆轰参数确定 ............................................................. 33 3.2 钻孔承压水层中的波动传载规律 ......................................................................... 38 3.3 钻孔充水承压波动破岩机理 ................................................................................. 49 3.4 小结 ......................................................................................................................... 63 4 钻孔充水承压爆破爆生气体增裂机理钻孔充水承压爆破爆生气体增裂机理 .................................................................... 65 4.1 爆生气体的等熵膨胀规律 ..................................................................................... 65 4.2 承压爆破爆生气体增裂机理 ................................................................................. 67 4.3 爆生气体作用下的岩体增裂特征参数确定 ......................................................... 71 4.4 小结 ......................................................................................................................... 76 5 工程岩体钻孔充水承压爆破模拟分析工程岩体钻孔充水承压爆破模拟分析 .................................................................... 77 万方数据 V 5.1 钻孔充水承压爆破岩体应力演化特征 ................................................................. 77 5.2 钻孔充水承压爆破岩体裂隙演化分析 ................................................................. 96 5.3 钻孔充水承压爆破空孔导向机理 ........................................................................ 115 5.4 小结 ....................................................................................................................... 121 6 厚煤层坚硬顶板承压爆破预裂控制厚煤层坚硬顶板承压爆破预裂控制 ...................................................................... 123 6.1 坚硬顶板厚煤层采场强矿压显现 ....................................................................... 123 6.2 坚硬顶板预裂步距确定 ....................................................................................... 125 6.3 钻孔充水承压爆破工艺与效果 ........................................................................... 130 6.4 小结 ....................................................................................................................... 138 7 主要结论主要结论 .................................................................................................................. 139 7.1 结论 ....................................................................................................................... 139 7.2 创新点 ................................................................................................................... 140 7.3 展望 ....................................................................................................................... 140 参考文献参考文献 ...................................................................................................................... 141 作者简历作者简历 ...................................................................................................................... 149 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 .................................................................................................. 150 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 .......................................................................................................... 151 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................ I Contents ......................................................................................................................... IV List of Figures ............................................................................................................ VIII List of Tables ........................................................................................................... XVIII List of Variables ......................................................................................................... XIX 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Problem Introduction and Research Significance ...................................................... 1 1.2 Research Statue ........................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Main Research Contents ............................................................................................. 7 1.4 Research s and Routes .................................................................................... 8 2 Dynamic Mechanical Characteristics of Saturated Rock ...................................... 10 2.1 Testing Principle of Rock Mechanics Parameters .................................................... 10 2.2 Mechanical Characteristics of Infiltrated Rock under High Strain Rate .................. 16 2.3 Strength Characteristics of Infiltrated Rock under Low Strain Rate ........................ 22 2.4 Segmental Fitting of Infiltration Sandstone Strength under Different Strain Rates . 30 2.5 Summary ................................................................................................................... 31 3 Wave Loading Transfer and Rock Fracturing Mechanism of Confined Pressure Blasting with Water-filled in Borehole ........................................................................ 33 3.1 High Detonation Energy Generation and Parameters Determination of Condensed Explosive ........................................................................................................................ 33 3.2 Law of Wave Loading Transfer for Confined Pressure Blasting with Water-filled in Borehole ......................................................................................................................... 38 3.3 Wave Fracturing Rock Mechanism of Confined Pressure Blasting with Wate