时序SAR技术在矿区形变监测中的应用.pdf
硕士学位论文 时序SAR技术在矿区形变监测中的应用 Application of Timing Series SAR Technology in Deation Monitoring of Mining Area 作 者李 达 导 师邓喀中 教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一七年五月 万方数据 中图分类号 P237 学校代码 10290 UDC 528 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 时序SAR技术在矿区形变监测中的应用 Application of Timing Series SAR Technology in Deation Monitoring of Mining Area 作 者 李 达 导 师 邓喀中 教授 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 环境与测绘学院 学科专业 大地测量学与测量工程 研究方向 InSAR技术及变形监测 答辩委员会主席 评 阅 人 二〇一七年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一, 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权,即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版,可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文;②为教学和 科研目的,学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外,根据有关法规,同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 (保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书) 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 致谢致谢 四月,鲜花烂漫、草长莺飞,矿大最美的时节,而离别、结束也往往发生在 最美的时节。经过三年充实的学习,自己即将完成研究生学业,开启人生的下一 页篇章。三年时光里,自己不仅在专业知识上有所提高,对生命意义也有了更深 的理解,在追求科研真理和寻求生命真谛过程中,我要感谢那些在我生命中出现 的人以及我们之间发生的事。 首先,我要感谢我的导师邓喀中教授。邓老师不论是在科研方面还是生活方 面对我都有很深的影响。在科研方面,邓老师治学严谨、辛勤耕耘,令我深为敬 佩,现在依然清楚记得邓老师给我修改的第一篇小论文,大到分析思路小到字词 标点无一不指导修改,这件事对我今后写论文大有裨益;邓老师年近花甲,仍孜 孜不倦看文献,紧跟研究方向前沿热点,让我懂得做事要有责任和恒心;在与邓 老师探讨学术问题过程中,让我意识到学会分析问题以及和别人交流的重要性。 在生活方面,邓老师为人随和、幽默风趣,不光掼蛋打得好,而且在打掼蛋时金 句频出,常常让活动气氛轻松愉快。总之,能跟着邓老师完成研究生学习是我的 荣幸。 其次,我要感谢谭志祥教授、范洪冬副教授、杨化超教授、孙久运副教授、 闫世勇讲师在论文开题时给予的宝贵意见和细心指导。特别感谢范洪冬老师,在 学习InSAR技术过程中提供的数据资料和论文选题时提供的研究方向;特别感谢 闫世勇老师在学习StaMPS技术时提供的资料和技术指导。 感谢邓谭工作室的小伙伴们。感谢陈炳乾、张祥、祝传广、于洋、黄继磊、 吴飞、余美、元亚菲、陈华、杨俊凯、赵晨亮、程熙、冯军、程丹等师兄师姐在 学习和生活上提供的指导和帮助。特别感谢祝传广、黄继磊、陈华、杨俊凯等师 兄,在学习InSAR技术时为我提供的宝贵学习资料和不厌其烦的技术指导,让我 能够快速入门InSAR技术并解决实验中遇到的问题。特别感谢赵晨亮师兄和郑美 楠师弟为邓谭实验室日常生活和娱乐活动付出的精力和心思,感谢庄会富、王刘 宇、汪磊、高晓雄、赵保成、陈宏念同届同窗在学习和生活上的指导和帮助,让 我能够成长进步。感谢郑美楠、邹昊、马骕、杜森、宋康明、魏飞、何倩等师弟 师妹在生活上和学习上的帮助,给我研究生生活带来了很多欢乐和回忆。 感谢舍友汪磊、赵文晔、孙晶,感谢你们在生活中提供的帮助;感谢14级大 地测量班,感谢一起打篮球的小伙伴们,让我在学习之余有更丰富的业余生活; 感谢白泽朝同学在学习InSAR技术提供的信息和交流,让我在学习方面有了更广 阔的思路。 感谢Andrew Hooper博士,提供免费开源的StaMPS软件,让我得以完成毕业 论文,向您的开放态度致敬。 万方数据 感谢我的家人,在我多年求学道路上给予的支持和鼓励,感谢你们在我遇到 挫折时做我坚强的后盾,让我有勇气面对困难,勇往直前。 最后,感谢百忙中评阅本文并提出宝贵意见的学者、专家。感谢参加答辩的 各位评委老师和工作人员。 李达 2017年4月于徐州 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 煤炭是我国重要的基础能源,其储量在世界排名位列第三,在我国能源开发 利用比重中煤炭资源占据绝对的主导地位,煤炭资源的大规模、高强度开采一方 面为我国基础建设、经济发展提供能源支持,另一面也给矿区的生态环境带来严 峻挑战。煤炭资源高强度大范围开采,导致矿区的采空区面积不断增大,引发严 重的矿区生态环境问题,对开采沉陷进行实时动态监测、研究分析矿区沉降规律 对解决矿区环境问题至关重要。 常规的监测方法在一定程度上可以满足矿区沉陷 监测的要求,但存在劳动强度大、效率低下等问题。新兴的DInSAR技术具有全 天候、全天时获取大面积区域沉降的能力,观测精度达到厘米甚至毫米量级,但 由于受时间和空间基线失相关、大气延迟的影响,降低了该技术的测量精度进而 制约了其在长时间形变监测中的应用。 高级时序SAR技术可以克服时空基线失相 干、大气相位延迟等问题,能够获取观测区域高分辨率、高精度、长时间序列的 地面形变,在矿区沉降监测方面具有巨大的应用前景。本文主要采用Stacking技 术、StaMPS技术、StaMPS/MTI技术对矿区地表沉降进行监测,主要研究工作及 成果如下 (1)根据时间基线、垂直基线以及频率基线构建综合相干系数模型,挑选 公共主影像,利用StaMPS技术对沛北地区12景ALOS卫星影像进行处理,分析了 矿区的沉降速率、时序沉降变化,指出StaMPS技术使用ALOS卫星影像存在的问 题以及该技术在监测煤矿开采沉陷区域的适用性。 (2)分别使用StaMPS、Stacking、StaMPS/MTI三种时序SAR技术对13景 TerraSAR数据进行处理,分析StaMPS/MTI技术获取的DEM残差相位、卫星轨道 误差相位以及大气延迟相位对监测结果的影响, 对比分析三种时序SAR技术获得 的沉降速率、时序沉降变化、累计沉降值等方面的差异性。 (3)利用StaMPS/MTI技术获得的沉降速率、时序累计沉降值对矿区的地表 沉降进行分析。在矿区2310工作面分别以100m为间隔提取4个观测点,分析沉降 值随时间的变化特征,发现沉降值随时间成线性变化规律;在工作面走向方向和 倾向方向布设观测点,提取观测点的时序累计沉降值,分析各工作面在走向方向 和倾向方向的沉降规律。 该论文有图61幅,表7个,参考文献83篇。 关键词关键词Stacking;StaMPS;StaMPS/MTI;矿区沉降 万方数据 II Abstract Coal is an important basic energy in china, and its reserves rank third in the world. The utilization of coal resources occupies an absolute dominant position in the proportion of Chinas energy utilization. On the one hand, high intensity mining of coal resources can provide energy support for Chinas infrastructure and economic development, on the other hand, it also brings severe challenges to the ecological environment of mining area. The exploitation of coal resources with high intensity leads to serious ecological environment problems, for example, the mining area is increasing and even some large mining subsidence area is existent. Therefore, the real-time dynamic monitoring of mining subsidence is very important to solve the environmental problems. The conventional monitoring technology can meet the requirements of mining subsidence monitoring to a certain extent, but there are also many problems such as high labor intensity and low efficiency. The emerging DInSAR technology has the ability to obtain large area subsidence of all-weather and all-time operations, and its accuracy of observation is up to centimeter or even millimeter, however, due to the influence of uncorrelation between time and space baseline and atmospheric delay, the measurement accuracy of this technology is limited and its application in long term deation monitoring is restricted. Advanced timing SAR technique can overcome those problems and obtain the ground deation of high resolution, high precision and long time series, it has great application prospect in the subsidence monitoring of mining area. This paper mainly uses Stacking technology, StaMPS technology, StaMPS/MTI technology to monitor the land subsidence in mining area, the main research work and achievements are as follows (1)According to the time baseline, the perpendicular baseline and the frequency baseline, an integrated coherence coefficient model is constructed to select the master image of the StaMPS technique; StaMPS technology is used to deal with the 12 scene ALOS satellite images in the area of Pei Bei, the settlement rate and time series change of the study area are analyzed; This paper points out the problems existing in the StaMPS technology using ALOS satellite images and the applicability of the technology in monitoring the coal mining subsidence area. (2)StaMPS, Stacking, StaMPS/MTI three timing techniques are used to deal with the 13 scenes TerraSAR data. The influence of the DEM residual phase, the phase error of satellite orbit and the atmospheric delay phase on the monitoring results 万方数据 III obtained by StaMPS/MTI technology is analyzed. The settlement rate, time series change and cumulative settlement value obtained by three kinds of time series techniques are used to be compared, Finally, it is found that the StaMPS/MTI technology has more advantages in monitoring the land subsidence. (3)The settlement rate, the cumulative value obtained by StaMPS/MTI technology is used to analysis the surface subsidence in mining area. 4 observation points are extracted in 2310 working face of the mining area with the interval of 100m, it is found that the settlement value varies linearly with time through the analysis of the change characteristics of settlement value with time. The observation points are set up in the trending and orientation of the working face, the settlement law of each working face in the trending and the orientation is analyzed by extracting the timing sequence accumulated value of the observation points. There are 61 figures, 7table and 83 references Keywords Stacking; StaMPS; StaMPS/MTI; Mining subsidence 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要............................................................................................................................ I 目目 录录......................................................................................................................... IV 图清单图清单...................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单........................................................................................................................ XII 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................. XIII 1 1 绪论绪论............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 选题背景及意义 ..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ..................................................................................................... 2 1.3 研究内容 ................................................................................................................. 7 1.4 章节安排 ................................................................................................................. 8 2 SAR测量技术基础理论测量技术基础理论 .......................................................................................... 10 2.1 InSAR技术 ............................................................................................................ 10 2.2 DInSAR技术 .......................................................................................................... 12 2.3 时序SAR技术 ....................................................................................................... 16 2.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 22 3 基于基于StaMPS技术的矿区开采沉陷监测与分析技术的矿区开采沉陷监测与分析 ................................................... 24 3.1 StaMPS公共主影像选取方法 .............................................................................. 24 3.2 研究区域概况 ....................................................................................................... 29 3.3 实验数据处理 ....................................................................................................... 29 3.4 实验结果分析 ....................................................................................................... 30 3.5 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 38 4 Stacking和和StaMPS技术技术在矿区沉降监测中的应用在矿区沉降监测中的应用 ............................................. 39 4.1 研究区域概况及实验数据 ................................................................................... 39 4.2 Stacking技术在矿区沉降监测中的应用 .............................................................. 40 4.3 StaMPS技术在矿区沉降监测中的应用 .............................................................. 48 4.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 53 5 基于基于StaMPS/MTI技术的矿区变形监测与分析技术的矿区变形监测与分析 .................................................. 54 5.1 研究区域概况及实验数据 ................................................................................... 54 5.2 实验数据处理 ....................................................................................................... 54 万方数据 V 5.3 StaMPS/MTI技术的误差分析 .............................................................................. 56 5.4 StaMPS/MTI、Stacking、StaMPS三种时序SAR技术结果对比分析 ............... 59 5.5 StaMPS/MTI技术监测结果分析 .......................................................................... 64 5.6 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 70 6 结论与展望结论与展望 ............................................................................................................. 71 6.1 主要工作及结论 ................................................................................................... 71 6.2 不足与展望 ........................................................................................................... 71 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 73 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 79 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 80 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 81 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II Contents ..................................................................................................................... VI List of Figures ......................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables ............................................................................................................. XII List of Variables ...................................................................................................... XIII 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Background and Significance ................................................................... 1 1.2 Study Review ........................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Research Tasks ......................................................................................................... 7 1.4 Organization ............................................................................................................. 8 2 Theoretical Foundation of SAR Measuring Technology ..................................... 10 2.1 InSAR Technology ................................................................................................. 10 2.2 DInSAR Technology .............................................................................................. 12 2.3 The Timing Seris InSAR Technology .................................................................... 16 2.4 Summary ................................................................................................................ 22 3 Experimental Research on Monitoring Mining Subsidence by StaMPS Technique .................................................................................................................... 24 3.1 The to Select Common Master Images in StaMPS .................................. 24 3.2 General Situation of Experiment Area ................................................................... 29 3.3 Experimental Data Processing ............................................................................... 29 3.4 Analysis of Experimental Results .......................................................................... 30 3.5 Summary ................................................................................................................ 38 4 Application of Stacking and StaMPS Technique in Monitoring Subsidence of Mining Area ................................................................................................................ 39 4.1 General Situation of Experiment Area and Experimental Data ............................. 39 4.2 Application of Stacking Technique in Monitoring Subsidence of Mining Area .... 40 4.3 Application of StaMPS Technique in Monitoring Subsidence of Mining Area ..... 48 4.4 Summary ................................................................................................................ 53 5 Deation Monitoring and Analysis of Mining Area Based on StaMPS/MTI Technol