基于改进滤波的时序InSAR技术监测关闭矿井地表形变.pdf
硕士学位论文 基于改进滤波的时序InSAR技术监测关闭矿 井地表形变 Monitoring surface deation of closed mine with an improved time-series InSAR technology 作 者邹 昊 导 师邓喀中 教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一八年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一, 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权,即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版,可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文;②为教学和 科研目的,学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外,根据有关法规,同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 (保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书) 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 中图分类号 P237 学校代码 10290 UDC 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 基于改进滤波的时序 InSAR 技术监测关闭矿 井地表形变 Monitoring surface deation of closed mine with an improved time-series InSAR technology 作 者 邹 昊 导 师 邓喀中 教授 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 环境与测绘学院 学科专业大地测量学与测量工程 研究方向 3S 技术集成及其应用 答辩委员会主席 郭广礼 评 阅 人 二○一八年五月 万方数据 致谢致谢 在二零一一年的八月末,伴随着炎炎夏日的余温,我第一次来到徐州,开始 了一段人生中一段不一样的旅程。自己也没有想到这一来就是七年的时光,七年 间有在图书馆的书海遨游,也有实验室的挑灯奋战;有在操场上的肆意奔跑,也 有公教里的奋笔疾书;有在南门的嬉戏打闹,也有在宿舍的放声大笑。眼下硕士 论文完成之际似乎也宣告着自己的学生生涯即将结束,马上要走上工作岗位。这 既有对未来新生活的满心期待,也有对大学校园时光的无比眷恋。故在此,我要 对我的母校中国矿业大学表示无比的感谢,这七年里我不仅仅从这里学习了知 识,掌握了技能,更是收获了对人生、对未来更加深刻的理解。而同时也要对这 七年间特别是研究生这三年间一路上陪伴帮助我的人表示感谢。 首先,我要感谢我的导师邓喀中教授,感谢您接纳我作为您最后一届硕士研 究生。 回想大一第一节空间信息学概论,您作为学科带头人第一次开讲就让我感 受到了您深厚的学术造诣和对学生平易近人的态度。研究生三年期间,您虽然事 务繁忙却一直不忘督促和关心我的科研学习情况,每当我迷茫困惑之时,是您为 我指引方向, 每一次与您的交流都让我感受到您认真的治学态度和崇高的为人品 格。 您在学术科研方面总是对我要求严格,在平常生活中又尽可能的提供各种帮 助。您是我一生都值得去学习的榜样。 感谢风趣幽默的谭志祥教授,感谢您为我的毕业论文提供了众多资料和帮 助。这三年间您的博学多识、谈吐风趣、豁达处事给我留下了深刻印象。感谢认 真严谨的范洪冬副教授, 感谢您时常为我解答 InSAR 领域的问题并指出我的问题 与不足,您兢兢业业、严谨治学的精神一直激励着我。同时感谢环测学院给我授 课和提供帮助的各位老师们。 感谢邓谭实验室的小伙伴们。感谢郝明、陈炳乾、张祥、于洋、黄继磊、吴 飞、余美、赵晨亮、杨俊凯、陈华、程熙、冯军、程丹、李达、汪磊、赵保成、 陈宏念、高晓雄、庄会富、王刘宇等师兄师姐在学习和生活等方面给予的帮助和 支持, 日常的学习生活中有了你们的答疑解惑和耐心教导才让我在科研的道路上 走的更加顺利。感谢同级的郑美楠、马骕、魏飞、宋康明、杜森、何倩同学,在 A407 和你们一起度过的这三年时光依旧让人回味,希望大家今后不论是走向工 作岗位还是继续求学深造都取得优异的成绩。感谢王钰、鹿璐、冯春凤、温槟繁 师弟,你们的存在让实验室更加充满活力和欢声笑语。 不管是在实验室的各种日 常还是在峰峰、榆林调研以及在长沙参加会议都是我今后人生当中美好的回忆。 感谢我的室友郑美楠、季英明、杨宇,研究生三年期间能和你们生活在一起 让我感到十分荣幸和快乐,忘不了和你们一起在南京、溧阳、厦门等地一起游玩 的日子,感谢你们的包容和理解;感谢 2015 级大地测量学与测量工程班;感谢 万方数据 本科以来覃双煜、郭凯凯、王志勇、张文馨、曾繁轩、张梦虹、曾凡月、王藏娇、 陈顺等同学给予我的帮助;感谢西南交通大学的李广宇同学,在与你关于 InSAR 方面的学习与交流让我收获颇多。感谢我高中以来的挚友张炜颀、鲁纳川同学, 你们的支持和鼓励这些年来一直陪伴着我。 感谢我的父母,感谢您二位的养育之恩,在外求学的时光里,是您们不断鼓 励我克服困难勇往直前,告诉我尽管向前因为家在身后。 最后感谢在百忙之中评阅论文和参加答辩的各位专家、教授,向您们道一声 辛苦了。 邹昊 二零一八年五月于徐州 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 近年来,我国煤炭行业去产能步伐不断加快,大量落后、低效和环境破坏严 重的煤矿关闭退出市场, 与此同时,关闭矿井的地面和地下的安全与环境成为人 们关注的热点。而关闭矿井地表形变往往缺少实际监测,时序 InSAR 技术的发 展能够很好地克服传统测量费时费力、效率不高等弊端,同时改变传统 DInSAR 技术易受时空基线失相干、大气延迟等方面的影响,实现对关闭矿井地表的全天 时、全天候和长时间的大范围监测,并且监测精度可达到厘米级甚至毫米级,具 有广阔的应用前景。关闭矿井地表变形较小,往往与 SAR 图像噪声处于同一数 量级,因此,研究 SAR 图像噪声处理方法成为获取关闭矿井高精度地表形变的 关键,本文以改进干涉图滤波并应用于时序 InSAR 技术监测关闭矿井地表沉降 为目的,主要研究工作与成果如下 (1)为提升干涉图滤波效果,根据频率域 Goldstein 滤波,提出了一种基于 伪信噪比的改进滤波参数模型,对于影像相干性较低区域采取更强的滤波,提升 滤波效率,为了进一步提升效果,还采用了重复迭代滤波。结合模拟与真实 SAR 数据和干涉图滤波评价指标,证实了改进滤波的有效性和优越性。 (2) 将改进的滤波方法运用到 StaMPS_SBAS 技术中, 采用 15景Sentinel-1A 卫星影像对矿区开采工作面上方地表沉降情况进行监测,将改进滤波方法的 StaMPS_SBAS 技术与现有的 StaMPS_SBAS 技术进行对比,证明了改进滤波在 提升干涉图质量、 帮助相位正确解缠的有效性。将改进方法监测结果与实测数据 进行对比,证明了改进方法在获取矿区地表形变的可靠性。 (3)将改进滤波方法的 StaMPS_SBAS 技术应用于监测徐州地区关闭矿井 地表形变,同时采用 TCPInSAR 技术对监测结果进行对比和辅助验证,获得了 徐州城北关闭矿井地表沉降数据。结果表明,夹河矿深部工作面地表在 2017 年 9 月前为沉降变形,2017 年 9 月出现抬升。结合关闭矿井的地质采矿资料和采空 区工作面分布情况等, 分区域研究了地表形变情况, 分析了形变产生的可能原因, 评估了地表沉降对徐州城北工业园的影响。 (4)根据地表沉降监测数据,回归得到了矿井关闭后,地表残余下沉(或 上升) 与工作面停采时间成对数函数关系,最大沉降量与平均开采深度呈线性关 系,为徐州城北关闭矿井沉降灾害评估与防控提供了技术依据。 该论文有图 55 幅,表 9 个,参考文献 87 篇。 关键词关键词关闭矿井;滤波;StaMPS;SBAS;沉降监测 万方数据 II Abstract In recent years , cutting overcapacity in Chinas coal sectors has been accelerating,and a large number of backward,inefficient and environmentally damaging coal mines have closed down to exit the market. At the same time,the safety and environment of the ground and underground of closed mines have got widely attention. The surface deation of closed mines often lacks actual monitoring. The development of time-series InSAR technology can overcome the shortcomings of traditional measurement which is time consuming and inefficient,and at the same time it changes the influence of traditional DInSAR technology on the decoherence of spatial and temporal baseline,atmospheric delay,etc. Achieve full-time,all-weather and long-term monitoring of the mine surface,and the monitoring accuracy can reach centimetres or even millimeters. It will have a broad vision of application. The surface deation of closed mine is small, and it is often in the same order of magnitude as the SAR noise. Therefore, studying the SAR noise processing becomes the key to obtaining the accurate surface deation of the closed mine. The purpose of this paper is to improve the filtering of interferogram and apply the time-series InSAR technology to monitor the surface subsidence of the closed mine. The main research work and achievements are as follows 1 In order to improve the filtering effect of interferogram,according to Goldstein filter in frequency domain,an improved filter parameter model based on pseudo-noise ratio is proposed. Using stronger filtering for areas with lower image coherence to improve filtering efficiency. In order to further enhance the effect,repeated iterative filtering is also used. Combining simulated and real SAR data and interferogram filtering uation indicators,the effectiveness and superiority of improved filtering are confirmed. 2 Applying the improved filtering to the StaMPS_SBAS technology,15 images of Sentinel-1A satellite were used to monitor the surface subsidence above the mining face. Compared the StaMPS_SBAS technology of the improved filtering with the existing StaMPS_SBAS technology,it is proved that the improved filtering improves the quality of the interferogram and helps the correct phase unwrapping. The comparison between the monitoring results of the improved and the observed data from the observation station shows that the improved is reliable in obtaining the surface deation of the mining area. 万方数据 III 3 The StaMPS_SBAS technology with improved filtering was applied to monitor the surface deation of closed mines in Xuzhou area. At the same time, the monitoring results were compared and assisted by using TCPInSAR technology, and the surface subsidence data of the closed mine of Xuzhou North was obtained. The results show that the surface of the deep working face of the Jiahe Mine was subject to subsidence deation before September 2017 and was uplifted in September 2017. Combined with the closure of the mines geology and mining data and the distribution of the working face of the goaf, the sub-region studied the surface deation, analyzed the possible causes of deation, and assessed the influence of surface subsidence on the North Industrial Park of Xuzhou. 4 According to the surface subsidence monitoring data, the logarithmic function of the subsidence or rise of the ground surface and the stoppage of the working face after the closure of the mine is obtained, and the maximum subsidence is linear to the average depth of mining.It provides a technical basis for the assessment and prevention and control of subsidence disasters in the north of Xuzhou City. The paper has 55 figures,9 tables and 87 references. KeywordsClosed mine;Filtering; StaMPS; SBAS; Subsidence Monitoring 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ........................................................................................................................... I 目目 录录 ........................................................................................................................ IV 图清单图清单 ..................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单 ....................................................................................................................... XII 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................. XIII 1 绪论绪论 ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景及意义..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状..................................................................................................... 2 1.3 主要研究内容......................................................................................................... 7 1.4 章节安排................................................................................................................. 7 2 2 InSAR 及其相关技术原理及其相关技术原理 ........................................................................................ 9 2.1 InSAR 技术 ............................................................................................................. 9 2.2 DInSAR 技术......................................................................................................... 11 2.3 时序 InSAR 技术 ................................................................................................. 14 2.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 20 3 改进的改进的 Goldstein 滤波滤波实验实验 ................................................................................... 21 3.1 引言....................................................................................................................... 21 3.2 Goldstein 滤波与 Baran 滤波 ............................................................................... 21 3.3 干涉图滤波效果评价指标................................................................................... 22 3.4 基于伪信噪比的滤波实验研究........................................................................... 24 3.5 本章小结............................................................................................................... 31 4 基于改进滤波的基于改进滤波的 StaMPS-SBAS 技术监测矿区沉降实验技术监测矿区沉降实验 .................................. 32 4.1 实验区域概况....................................................................................................... 32 4.2 实验数据与处理................................................................................................... 33 4.3 实验结果与分析................................................................................................... 36 4.4 本章小结................................................................................................................ 47 5 徐州城北关闭矿井地表形变监测实验徐州城北关闭矿井地表形变监测实验 ................................................................. 49 万方数据 V 5.1 实验区域概况....................................................................................................... 49 5.2 实验数据............................................................................................................... 51 5.3 实验处理与结果................................................................................................... 53 5.4 关闭矿井地表形变分析....................................................................................... 60 5.5 本章小结............................................................................................................... 77 6 结论与展望结论与展望 ............................................................................................................. 78 6.1 主要工作与结论................................................................................................... 78 6.2 展望........................................................................................................................ 79 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 80 作者简介作者简介 ..................................................................................................................... 86 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 87 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 88 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II Contents ..................................................................................................................... VI List of Figures ......................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables ............................................................................................................ XII List if Variables ...................................................................................................... XIII 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Background and Significant ..................................................................... 1 1.2 Present Research Status Review .............................................................................. 2 1.3 Research Tasks......................................................................................................... 7 1.4 Organization ............................................................................................................. 7 2 Principle of InSAR Technique and Related Technology....................................... 9 2.1 InSAR Technology .................................................................................................. 9 2.2 DInSAR Technology ............................................................................................. 11 2.3 The Timing Series InSAR Technology.................................................................. 14 2.4 Summary ................................................................................................................ 20 3 Modified Goldstein filter experiment .................................................................... 21 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 21 3.2 Goldstein Filtering and Baran Filtering ................................................................. 21 3.3 Interferogram Filter Effect uation Index ........................................................ 22 3.4 Research on Filtering Experiment Based on Pseudo SNR .................................... 24 3.5 Summary ................................................................................................................ 31 4 Monitoring of Subsidence in Mining Area Based on Improved Filtering and Stamps-SBAS Technology ......................................................................................... 32 4.1 Overview of Experimental Area ............................................................................ 32 4.2 Experimental Data