近风化带黏性土采动变形破坏作用模式研究.pdf
硕士学位论文 近风化带黏性土采动变形破坏作用模式研究 Deation and Failure Modes of Clay above the Weathered Zone under Mining Conditions [国家自然科学基金项目资金资助(41272343)] 作 者陈 凯 导 师董青红 教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一四年五月 中图分类号 TD1 学校代码 10290 UDC 550.8 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 学术型硕士学位论文 近风化带黏性土采动变形破坏作用模式研究 Deation and Failure Modes of Clay above the Weathered Zone under Mining Conditions [国家自然科学基金项目资金资助(41272343)] 作 者 陈 凯 导 师 董青红 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 资源与地球科学学院 学科专业 地质工程 研究方向 工程地质与岩土工程 答辩委员会主席 曹丽文 评 阅 人 刘启蒙、孙如华 二〇一四年五月 万方数据 70 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 Declaration of Thesis Originality 本人郑重声明所呈交的学位论文近风化带黏性土采动变形破坏作用模式研究 , 是本人在导师指导下,在中国矿业大学攻读学位期间进行的研究工作所取得的成果。据 我所知,除文中已经标明引用的内容外,本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或 撰写过的研究成果。 对本文的研究做出贡献的个人和集体, 均已在文中以明确方式标明。 本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。 学位论文作者签名 年 月 日 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,同意本人所撰写的学 位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一,学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位论文的 部分使用权,即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电子版,可以使 用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文;②为教学和科研目的,学校档案 馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书馆等场所或在校园网上供校 内师生阅读、浏览。另外,根据有关法规,同意中国国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 (保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书) 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 论文审阅认定书论文审阅认定书 研究生 陈凯 在规定的学习年限内,按照研究生培养方案的要求, 完成了研究生课程的学习,成绩合格;在我的指导下完成本学位论文,经审 阅,论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同,论文撰写格式符合学校 的相关规定,同意将本论文作为学位申请论文送专家评审。 导师签字 年 月 日 致 谢 致 谢 本论文是在导师董青红教授的悉心指导下完成的。从论文的选题、研究思路、试验 设计,到问题的分析解决及论文的修订均凝聚了导师们的心血。 衷心的感谢我的导师董青红教授。从本科毕业论文至今,跟随董老师已有四年有余 的时光,在这四年多的时间里,导师在学习和生活上给予我无微不至的关怀和帮助。导 师通过言传身教,使我在科学研究方法、论文写作的学术思想、工作实践的动手能力上 得到了很大的提高,借毕业之际,向我尊敬的导师董青红教授表示衷心的感谢。 衷心感谢隋旺华教授、姜振泉教授、曹丽文教授、朱术云副教授、孙强副教授和贺 虎老师等对本文选题的指导;感谢我的师弟张强、刘飞、粟梅、胡荡、杨铭斐、徐鹏、 韦博蔓、陈伟、卢琦和杨浩在做室内相似材料模拟试验中的给予的帮助;论文写作过程 中还得到了魏晓琛硕士、严桂凤硕士和杜占吉硕士的指导;感谢母校新疆大学能给我提 供这样一个继续深造的平台;在矿大生活的三年里,感谢陪伴我走过这段难忘时刻的舍 友和朋友。 在多年的求学生涯中,父母和弟弟给予了我充分的理解和支持,养育之恩,终身难 报在毕业之际衷心地向您们表示感谢,是您们身上那种勤劳、朴素的品质深深感染着 我,同时,您们也是我为之努力、拼搏、奋斗的强大动力 感谢国家自然科学基金项目(41272343)给予的资金资助 感谢文中所引用文献的作者 最后,特别感谢各位专家学者在百忙之中评审本论文,并殷切的期望得到您的指正 与赐教 I 摘摘 要要 本文以我国中东部矿区薄基岩开采破坏为基本原型,建立了近风化带黏性土变形破 坏的工程地质模型;通过室内相似材料模型试验,对近风化带黏性土在含水率、黏粒含 量以及薄基岩变形破坏模式条件下的变形破坏规律进行了研究;借助分形几何理论对近 风化带重塑黏性土的变形破坏规律进行了定量研究,并建立了含水率、黏粒含量、破坏 断距以及变形角度与分形维数之间的函数关系式。本文的主要内容和成果如下 (1)以泉店煤矿为例,归纳了中东部矿区典型的基岩特征和近风化带黏性土特征, 并将黏性土-覆岩耦合变形的模式划分为断裂变形破坏模式和黏性土-覆岩协同变形模 式,其中,断裂变形破坏模式又可以划分为断裂破坏Ⅰ型模式和断裂破坏Ⅱ型模式。以 此为基础, 建立了近风化带黏性土变形破坏的工程地质模型, 在室内完成了 31 组相似材 料模型试验。 (2)相似材料模型试验表明,在覆岩断裂变形破坏模式下,黏性土裂隙的发育和扩 展随含水率增大而增大,而在黏性土-覆岩协同变形模式的条件下,黏性土裂隙的发育和 扩展随着含水率增大而减小;在三种黏性土-覆岩变形模式的条件下,黏性土裂隙的发育 和扩展均随着黏粒含量增大而增大;在保持含水率和黏粒含量一定时,黏性土裂隙的发 育和扩展随着覆岩破坏断距的增大而增大,而随着覆岩破坏角度的增大而变小。 (3) 将黏性土变形破坏过程划分为主裂隙发育阶段、 子裂隙发育阶段和失稳变形破 坏阶段三个阶段;裂隙发育和扩展的类型主要由曲线型裂隙、直线串珠型裂隙、 “Y”型 裂隙、水平型裂隙和垂直型裂隙等五个大类构成,由于每种类型裂隙的发育特点具有明 显的差异性,致使其导水能力也有很大区别。 (4)分形分析表明,在不同含水率条件下,当覆岩发生断裂破坏Ⅰ型模式和断裂破 坏Ⅱ型模式时的分形维数均随着含水率的增大而增大,均呈线性函数关系,而当黏性土- 覆岩协同变形模式时的分形维数随着含水率的增大而减小,呈二次方函数关系;在不同 黏粒含量条件下,三种覆岩变形破坏模式时的分形维数都是随着含水率和黏粒含量的增 大而增大,分别呈线性、指数和二次方函数关系;在不同破坏断距条件下,黏性土裂隙 发育和扩展的分形维数随着断距的增大而增大,而在不同破坏角度的条件下,黏性土裂 隙发育和扩展的分形维数随着破坏角度的增大而减小,不同破坏断距、不同破坏角度与 分形维数之间都呈对数函数关系。 本论文有图 44 幅,表 15 个,参考文献 80 篇。 关键字关键字黏性土;薄基岩;变形破坏;含水率;黏粒含量;分形几何 万方数据 II Abstract Basing on the geological prototype of mining under thin rock mass in the east of China, a generalized engineering geological model is present for deing and failure analysis of clay above the weathered zone.Firstly,the deation and failure laws of clay above the weathered zone vary with the conditions of water content,clay content and thin bedrock deation modes,were studied through the similar material model test.And then,the fissures appeared in this clay during model tests are quantitative studied according fractional theory.Lastly,the ula to explain the relationship among water content,clay content, broken length or broken angle with fractal dimension were deduced.The main contents and conclusions are shown as follows. 1 The Quandian coalmine is selected as an example to introduce the characteristics of overburden rock and clay.And the failure modes of clay affected by overburden rock are divided into two typesfracture mode and cooperation deation mode.What is more, the fracture mode can be subdivided as type I and type II.According these modes classification, 31 groups model tests have finished and the deation and failure pictures for further analisys are gathered. 2 The model tests show the development and propagation of clay fissures of type I and type II are all increasing with water content increased.But the development and propagation of clay fissures of cooperation deation mode are decreasing with water content increased.And the development and propagation of clay fissures of all the modes are increasing with clay content increased.The development and propagation of clay fissures are increasing with broken length increased while the fractal dimension of clay fissures are decreasing with the broken angles increased. 3 The process of deation and failure of clay above the weathered zone can be divided into three phases phase of the dominant fissures,phase of sub-fissures and phase of unstable failure.The results also indicated that the fissure shapes are made of curvilinear, straight bead, horizontal, vertical and shapes like “Y“. Because each fissure all has its unique characteristic,the fissures have great different in water conductivity. 4 The fractal dimension of clay fissures of types I and II are all increasing with water content increased and presenting a linear function relationship.While the fractal dimension of clay fissures of cooperation deation is decreasing with water content increased and presenting a quadratic function relationship.The fractal dimension of clay fissures of all the three types are increasing with clay content increased,and presenting linear, exponential and quadratic function relationships.The fractal dimension of clay fissures are increasing with the 万方数据 III different broken lengths increased while it is decreasing with the broken angles increased and all present logarithmic function relationships. The thesis has 44 figures,15 tables,80 references. Keywordsclay;thin bedrock;deation and failure;water content;clay content; fractal geometry 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要............................................................................................................................................. I 目目 录录.......................................................................................................................................... IV 图清单图清单....................................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单.......................................................................................................................................... XI 变量注释表变量注释表.................................................................................................................................XII 1 绪论绪论.............................................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景及意义......................................................................................................................1 1.2 国内外研究现状及存在问题..................................................................................................2 1.3 主要研究内容..........................................................................................................................6 1.4 研究方法与技术路线..............................................................................................................7 2 黏性土与覆岩采动破坏模式分析黏性土与覆岩采动破坏模式分析.............................................................................................8 2.1 典型研究区地质条件及问题..................................................................................................8 2.2 黏性土-覆岩耦合变形的模式与问题...................................................................................13 3 黏性土变形破坏的黏性土变形破坏的试验试验模拟研究模拟研究...........................................................................................17 3.1 相似材料模拟简介................................................................................................................17 3.2 试验方案................................................................................................................................20 3.3 试验结果及分析....................................................................................................................21 3.4 裂隙的发育规律和定量分析................................................................................................33 3.5 本章小结................................................................................................................................39 4 黏性土变形破坏的分形特性研究黏性土变形破坏的分形特性研究...........................................................................................40 4.1 分形理论与分形维数............................................................................................................40 4.2 变形破坏裂隙分形维数计算................................................................................................42 4.3 变形破坏的分形维数演化规律分析....................................................................................43 4.4 本章小结................................................................................................................................61 5 主要结论及展望主要结论及展望.......................................................................................................................63 5.1 主要结论................................................................................................................................63 5.2 不足与展望............................................................................................................................64 参考文献参考文献.......................................................................................................................................65 万方数据 V 作者简历作者简历.......................................................................................................................................69 学位学位论文原创性声明论文原创性声明...................................................................................................................70 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集...........................................................................................................................71 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract.........................................................................................................................................II Contents....................................................................................................................................... VI List of Figures.......................................................................................................................... VIII List of Variables.......................................................................................................................... XI List of Variables.........................................................................................................................XII 1 Introduction................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Research Background and Significance....................................................................................1 1.2 Present Status and Issues...........................................................................................................2 1.3 Research Objectives and Contents............................................................................................6 1.4 and Technical Route.....................................................................................................7 2 The Failure Modes of Clay and Overburden Rock in Mining...............................................8 2.1 The Geological Conditions and Problems of the Typical Area.................................................8 2.2 The Coupling Deation Modes of Clay and Overburden Rock........................................13 3 Deation and Failure Simulation of the Clay above the Weathered Zone ...................17 3.1 Introduction of Similar Material Simulation...........................................................................17 3.2 Experiment Scheme.................................................................................................................20 3.3 Results and Analyses...............................................................................................................21 3.4 The Development Law and Quantitative Analysis of the Fissures .........................................33 3.5 Chapter Summary....................................................................................................................39 4 Fractal Characteristics of the Clay Fissures..........................................................................40 4.1 Fractal Theory and Fractal Dimension....................................................................................40 4.2 Fractal Dimension of the Clay Fissures ..................................................................................42 4.3 Fissures Fractal Evolution Laws.............................................................................................43 4.4 Chapter Summary....................................................................................................................61 5 Conclusion and Prospect..........................................................................................................63 5.1 The Main Conclusions.............................................................................................................63 5.2 Insufficient and Prospects .......................................................................................................64 References....................................................................................................................................65 万方数据 VII Author’s Resume.........................................................................................................................69 Declaration of Thesis Originality...............................................................................................70 Thesis Data Collection ................................................................................................................71 万方数据 VIII 图清单图清单((List of Figures)) 图序号 图名称 页码 图 1-1 技术路线图 7 Figure 1-1 The technical route 7 图 2-1 11050 工作面覆岩厚度等值线 9 Figure 2-1 The thickness of overlying strata in 11050 working face 9 图 2-2 基岩面等高线 9 Figure 2-2 The elevation of bedrock surface 9 图 2-3 近风化带黏性土 9 Figure 2-3 The clay above the weathered zone 9 图 2-4 近风化带黏性土层颗粒成分累计曲线 12 Figure 2-4 Particle size