基于WSN的支架初撑力提取与工作阻力预测方法研究.pdf

硕士学位论文 基于 WSN 的支架初撑力提取与工作阻力 预测方法研究 Study on Setting Pressure Extraction and Working Resistance Prediction of Hydraulic Support Based on WSN 作 者李 欣 导 师丁恩杰 教授 中国矿业大学 二○一五年六月 万方数据 中图分类号 TN911.7 学校代码 10290 UDC 621.39 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 基于基于 WSN 的支架初撑力提取及工作阻力的支架初撑力提取及工作阻力 预测方法研究预测方法研究 Study on Setting Pressure Extraction and Working Resistance Prediction of Hydraulic Support Based on WSN 作 者 李 欣 导 师 丁恩杰 教授 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 信息与电气工程学院 学科专业 信息与通信工程 研究方向 信号处理 答辩委员会主席 张 申 评 阅 人 二○一五年六月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰写的学 位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位论文的 部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电子版，可以使 用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和科研目的，学校档案 馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、 图书馆等场所或在校园网上供校 内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 论文审阅认定书论文审阅认定书 研究生 在规定的学习年限内，按照研究生培养方案的要 求，完成了研究生课程的学习，成绩合格；在我的指导下完成本学位论文, 经审阅，论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同，论文撰写格式符 合学校的相关规定，同意将本论文作为学位申请论文送专家评审。 导师签字 年 月 日 万方数据 致谢致谢 三年的研究生生涯即将结束，我也将告别多年的校园生活，三年里，我的母校中国 矿业大学给了我非常优越的学习环境，在母校的怀抱中我能感觉到一点点的成长，在这 里，祝福我的母校未来发展越来越好 时值论文即将完成之际， 首先对我敬爱的导师丁恩杰教授三年来的谆谆教诲及无微 不至的关怀表示最真挚的感谢。在跟随导师学习和研究的三年中，导师的学术严谨、学 识渊博、思维敏锐给我了深刻的印象和启发，不仅在学业上，而且在以后的生活中都将 成为我的榜样和指引。在这里，衷心的祝愿丁恩杰老师身体健康，阖家欢乐、工作顺利。 感谢物联网中心赵端老师给予我莫大的帮助，感谢实验室同门师兄弟王昕师兄、王 满意师兄、刘晓明师兄、余啸师兄、纵鑫等对课题的热心协助；感谢室友顾玲玲、许蓓 在生活、学习上的帮助，我们走过的日子，都是难忘又美好的回忆。 感谢所有帮助和鼓励过我的老师、同学们，是你们让我感受到了温暖，给予我前进 的动力。 特别要感谢我的父母，感谢你们在我读研期间对我无微不至的关怀和鼓励，并且一 直在背后默默的为我付出。是他们使得我能够顺利毕业，祝他们身体健康，万事如意。 最后，感谢各位评审专家在百忙之中对本文进行评阅指正。 万方数据 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 不断增大的煤矿采高对液压支架的支护能力提出了更高的要求。 初撑力和来压值是 液压支架最重要的两个指标，对煤矿安全开采具有现实指导意义。目前，液压支架支设 的初撑力和来压值基本由支架操作人员主观经验确定， 使得很多支架在实际工作时的初 撑力低于其设计值。因此本课题设计了一套基于无线传感器网络（Wireless Sensor Networks，WSN）的工作阻力监测系统；通过对支架工作阻力曲线的分析，提出了一种 支架初撑力和周期来压值的自动提取方法； 并利用极限学习理论实现了支架工作阻力的 短期预测。研究内容主要包括 首先，给出了基于 WSN 的支架工作阻力监测系统的软件设计方法。以 Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 、Microsoft SQL Server 2005 为集成开发环境，利用 C和 SQL 语言 实现了数据的接收、存储、显示、查询、曲线绘制等功能。 其次，提出了支架初撑力提取方法。首先，借鉴非均匀量化思想，利用 A 率压缩算 法对液压支架工作阻力曲线进行非均匀量化。因为初撑力区的数据变化剧烈，必然会产 生最多的量化段数。采用滑动窗口法找到量化段数最多的初撑力区。然后利用能量比法 在初撑力区提取出初撑力值。最后将本文方法提取的初撑力值和经验估算值进行了对 比，验证了算法的有效性。 最后，利用极限学习机Extreme Learning Machine，ELM理论把工作阻力历史数据 作为 ELM 的训练集样本。 通过分析隐含层神经元个数对 ELM 性能的影响， 本次实验中 将隐含层节点数定为 20 来确定 ELM 网络的模式。通过实验仿真， 预测曲线与实际曲线 拟合效果良好，除了在移架过程中的预测误差超过了 10，预测输出误差率都在 2附 近。 该论文有图 25 幅，表 9 个，参考文献 75 篇。 关键词关键词支架；无线传感器网络；初撑力；非均匀量化；能量比；极限学习机；工作阻 力；预测 万方数据 II Abstract Increasing coal mining height has put forward higher requirements to hydraulic support supporting ability. The setting pressure and the weighting value are the two most important indicators of the hydraulic support, which have realistic guiding significance to the mine safety production. Currently, the setting pressure and the weighting value are mostly determined by the subjective experiences of the hydraulic support operator, which makes a lot of hydraulic supports in the actual work setting pressure below its design value. In order to solve this problem, in this paper, the hydraulic support working resistance monitoring system based on Wireless Sensor Network WSN, Wireless Sensor Networks was proposed. By analyzing the hydraulic support working resistance, a of setting pressure extraction and the working resistance prediction based on ELM for hydraulic Support were proposed. The research content mainly includes Firstly, the software of hydraulic support working resistance monitoring system was designed. We established the integrated development environment with Microsoft visual studio 2008, Microsoft SQL Server 2005 and realize the data receiving, storage, display, query, curve drawing etc using c and SQL language. Secondly, the of setting pressure extraction was proposed. First, learning from non-uni quantization thinking, the hydraulic support working resistance was non-uni quantified by using of A-law compression algorithms. Because early working resistance changes drastically in setting pressure area, the data is bound to produce the most quantitative segments. Then the energy ratio was used to extract the value in setting pressure area. Finally, to verify effectiveness of the algorithm, we did simulation by comparing the setting pressure extracted by our and the experience estimates. Finally, according to the theory of extreme learning machine, the working resistance history data was used as training samples. By analyzing the impact on the perance of ELM produced by hidden layer neurons number, the number of hidden layer nodes was set as 20 to determine the ELM network model. The simulation experiments show that the forecast effect is good and the error rate is around 2 except the situation when the hydraulic support is moving and the error rate is more than 10 during this time. The paper has25 Figures, 9 Tables, and 75 References Keywords hydraulic support; WSN; setting pressure; non-uni quantization; energy ratio ; ELM; working resistance; forecast 万方数据 III 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ......................................................................................................................................... I 目目 录录 ...................................................................................................................................... III 图清单图清单 .................................................................................................................................... VII 表清单表清单 ...................................................................................................................................... IX 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................................... X 1 绪论绪论 ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 课题的研究背景 ................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 还存在的问题及解决方法 ................................................................................................. 7 1.4 课题的研究意义 ................................................................................................................. 8 1.5 本课题研究内容及论文结构安排 ..................................................................................... 9 1.6 本课题预期达到目标 ....................................................................................................... 10 2 液压支架相关知识液压支架相关知识 ............................................................................................................... 11 2.1 液压支架相关参数简介 ................................................................................................... 11 2.2 液压支架工作原理及操作流程 ....................................................................................... 12 2.3 液压支架工作阻力的理论计算方法 ............................................................................... 13 2.4 本章小结 ........................................................................................................................... 16 3 基于基于 WSN 的支架工作阻力监测系统设计的支架工作阻力监测系统设计 ...................................................................... 17 3.1 系统组成 ........................................................................................................................... 17 3.2 无线通信方式 ................................................................................................................... 18 3.3 系统的工作原理 ............................................................................................................... 19 3.4 支架工作阻力监测系统的硬件设计 ............................................................................... 19 3.5 支架工作阻力监测系统的软件设计 ............................................................................... 20 3.6 本章小结 ........................................................................................................................... 24 4 基于非均匀量化和能量比的初撑力提取方法研究基于非均匀量化和能量比的初撑力提取方法研究.......................................................... 25 4.1 工程背景 ........................................................................................................................... 25 4.2 支架工作阻力监测方案 ................................................................................................... 25 4.3 基于非均匀量化和能量比的初撑力提取方法研究 ....................................................... 26 4.4 本章小结 ........................................................................................................................... 38 万方数据 IV 5 基于基于 ELM 的支架工作阻力预测方法研究的支架工作阻力预测方法研究 ...................................................................... 39 5.1 概述 ................................................................................................................................... 39 5.2 极限学习机 ....................................................................................................................... 39 5.3 基于 ELM 的工作阻力预测方法研究 ............................................................................ 41 5.4 本章小结 ........................................................................................................................... 46 6 总结与展望总结与展望 .......................................................................................................................... 47 6.1 论文主要工作 ................................................................................................................... 47 6.2 展望 ................................................................................................................................... 48 参考文献参考文献 .................................................................................................................................. 49 作者简历作者简历 .................................................................................................................................. 52 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 .............................................................................................................. 53 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ...................................................................................................................... 54 万方数据 V Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... I Contents ................................................................................................................................... III List of Figures ....................................................................................................................... VII List of Tables ........................................................................................................................... IX List of Variables ....................................................................................................................... X 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Background ........................................................................................................... 1 1.2 The State of the Art .............................................................................................................. 2 1.3 Existing Problems and Solutions ........................................................................................ 7 1.4 Research Significance .......................................................................................................... 8 1.5 The Research Content and the Paper Structure Arrangement .............................................. 9 1.6 The Goal of this Paper ........................................................................................................ 10 2 The Related Knowledge of Hydraulic Support ................................................................. 11 2.1 Introduction of Parameters Related Hydraulic Support ..................................................... 11 2.2 The Working Principle and Operation Process of Hydraulic Support ............................... 12 2.3 Theoretical Calculation of Hydraulic Support Working Resistance ..................... 13 2.4 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................ 16 3 The Design of Hydraulic Support Working Resistance Monitoring System Based on WSN ......................................................................................................................................... 17 3.1 System Composition .......................................................................................................... 17 3.2 Wireless Communication Mode ......................................................................................... 18 3.3 Working Principle of the System ........................................................................................ 19 3.4 The Hardware Design of Hydraulic Support Working Resistance Monitoring System ..... 19 3.5 The Software Design of Hydraulic Support Working Resistance Monitoring System ...... 20 3.6 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................ 24 4 Study on Setting Pressure Extraction Based on Non-uni Quantization and Energy Ratio ......................................................................................................................................... 25 4.1 Project Background ............................................................................................................ 25 4.2 Monitoring Scheme of Hydraulic Support Working Resistance ........................................ 25 万方数据 VI 4.3 Study on Setting Pressure Extraction Based on Non-uni Quantization and Energy Ratio ......................................................................................................................................... 26 4.4 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................ 38 5 Study on Working Resistance Prediction of Hydraulic Support Based on ELM.......... 39 5.1 Outline ................................................................................................................................ 39 5.2 ELM ................................................................................................................................... 39 5.3 Study on Working Resistance P