多次采动渐进诱发软岩巷道非均称变形及封闭承载结构再造.pdf

硕士学位论文 多次采动渐进诱发软岩巷道非均称变形及封闭 承载结构再造 Soft Rock Roadway Asymmetric Deation Progressively Induced by Multiple Mining and Closed Bearing Structure Recreated 作 者陈红 导 师张农 教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一五年五月 国家自然科学基金资助项目51274193 江苏省基础研究计划资助项目BK2012570 江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目PAPD 万方数据 中图分类号 TD353 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 多次采动渐进诱发软岩巷道非均称变形及封闭 承载结构再造 Soft Rock Roadway Asymmetric Deation Progressively Induced by Multiple Mining and Closed Bearing Structure Recreated 作 者 陈 红 导 师 张 农 教 授 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 巷道围岩控制 答辩委员会主席 陆菜平 评 阅 人 阚甲广、薛俊华 二〇一五年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 2015 年 月 日 2015 年 月 日 万方数据 论文审阅认定书论文审阅认定书 研究生 陈 红 在规定的学习年限内，按照研究生培养方案的 要求，完成了研究生课程的学习，成绩合格；在我的指导下完成本学 位论文，经审阅，论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同，论 文撰写格式符合学校的相关规定， 同意将本论文作为学位申请论文送 专家评审。 导师签字 年 月 日 万方数据 致谢致谢 在此真诚感谢导师张农教授近三年来给予我在学习、工作、生活中的指导和 关心。希望他能在百忙之中抽点时间锻炼身体，祝愿他身体健康、生活幸福、工 作顺利。再次送上我美好的祝福和诚挚的谢意 本文是在导师张农教授的悉心指导下完成的，在论文选题、路线设计、框架 构建乃至最后的文理疏通、 审阅定稿等每一步工作中， 导师都倾注了大量的心血。 导师提供了现场实践的平台，并对试验给予了经费支持。此外，在我工作方向定 位以及找工作过程中，导师也给予了极大的鼓励和帮助。导师对学生认真负责的 态度，严谨求实的治学精神以及勤勉的工作作风是我今后学习和工作的榜样，师 从三载，受益终身。在此，谨向导师致以深深的敬意和由衷的感谢。 在论文开题和撰写过程中，阚甲广副教授、李桂臣副教授、郑西贵副教授、 许兴亮副教授、吴海老师、赵一鸣老师、韩昌良老师给予了极大的帮助，在此一 并感谢。 特别感谢淮南矿业集团朱集东煤矿盖军矿长、张锤金总工程师、杨海俊副总 工程师， 李传高、 程弋、 华晓波、 晁俊奇等工程师， 提供了优越的现场科研环境， 对于科研工作大力支持 感谢课题组刘洪洋、陈瑶、张志义、姜凯等师兄在现场工作中给予的指导和 帮助， 感谢叶斯俊师兄在 matlab 软件使用过程中提供的帮助和建议， 感谢刘飞、 冯飞、黄中峰、花锦波、刘娜、洪昊等同学在生活和工作中给予的帮助和支持， 感谢马百龙、赵桂斌、杨林、麻卫、邱鹏等师弟在现场工作中给予的大力支持， 在此向其他给予我关心和帮助的师兄、同学、师弟们表示衷心的感谢。 感谢父母对我多年来的照顾、生活中的支持、学习上的鼓励、犯错时的谅解 和无限的关爱。此外，感谢姐姐、姐夫在我读书期间对于家庭的关心和照顾。衷 心祝他们身体健康，生活幸福 最后感谢在百忙之中评审论文并提出宝贵意见的各位专家， 感谢论文所有引 用文献作者们的辛勤工作，感谢所有帮助和关心过我的人 陈红 2015 年 5 月于徐州 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 朱集东煤矿东翼采区南北盘区多个工作面连续采动渐进诱发岩石巷道群发 生非均称变形并最终引发大变形破坏，已严重制约矿区高速生产发展。 本文结合 长达 2 年现场跟踪调查、观测数据，采用基础理论分析、数值模拟分析及工业试 验方法，总结归纳巷道非均称变形特征及时空演化规律，全面论述了巷道非均称 变形影响因素及变形机理，针对巷道前期非均称变形及后期大变形特征，提出了 包括底板锚注技术在内的成套封闭承载结构再造技术，成功进行工业性试验， 主 要研究结论如下 （1）巷道非均称变形主要有①一帮严重内挤、单个肩底角处破坏严重及 非对称底鼓三类主要的巷道表观点、线非均称变形，且往往在一定区域范围内破 坏位置处于同一方位，通常以垂直围岩层理方向变形破坏最为严重； ②巷道不同 岩性围岩也表现出非均称变形，即较硬的岩石以脆性断裂为主，顶板硬岩表现为 整体旋转下沉变形；较软的岩石极为破碎，甚至呈泥土状，以流动变形为主。 （2）模拟显示背斜区水平应力集中系数高达 3.6，垂直应力最大集中系数为 1.8，背斜核部水平应力最大，两翼水平应力次之，转折端附近水平应力最小； 沉积岩层具有各向异性特征， 在正交各向异性条件下圆形巷道表面切向应力分布 关于岩石层理方向和垂直于层理方向分别对称，具有明显的不均匀“四峰四谷” 对称分布特征，且巷道垂直层理方向切向应力最大，这种不均匀性随着 E1、E2 的差值及水平地应力的增大而增大。 （3） 倾斜岩层巷道围岩硬、 软岩层互层， 或围岩局部发育有岩石结构缺陷， 或围岩各部位节理裂隙发育不均匀等原因会导致巷道围岩力学性质不对称分布。 当巷道围岩应力分布的非均匀性、 围岩力学性质的非对称性及巷道支护强度相互 影响足以引起巷道围岩明显差异性变形时，巷道将发生非均称变形。数值模拟研 究还表明巷道围岩软弱夹层的存在会进一步加大巷道非均称变形程度、 巷道位移 最大值和分布区间、岩层界面离层滑移及塑性区扩展。 （4）巷道初期点、线非均称变形的主要原因是①非均匀分布的高构造应 力场及巷道浅部围岩应力；②倾斜岩层巷道围岩力学性质非对称分布；③沉积岩 层自身结构缺陷形成巷道围岩弱结构区；④支护方式不当、支护强度不足。工作 面采动影响是诱导因素，在采动影响下，巷道围岩关键区域率先变形破坏，其他 区域滞后破坏或者破坏程度相对较低，从而引起巷道非均称变形；真正导致巷道 后期大变形的原因是巷道采用了非封闭支护方式， 未支护或弱支护的巷道底板严 重底鼓，循环卧底后导致巷道帮部围岩逐步往底板流动，巷道帮顶部围岩进一步 松动破坏，加剧巷道非均称变形，并最后导致巷道大变形。 （5）全封闭支护方法是控制巷道后期发生大变形破坏的重要手段。提出“可 万方数据 Ⅱ 缩支架注浆锚杆索”联合封闭支护修复技术体系，包括底板锚注整套技术方案 及工业流程，重构封闭承载圈。工业性试验矿压监测表明巷道修复加固后两帮变 形量为 66mm，顶板下沉量最大为 20mm，底板最大变形量为 40mm。 论文共有图 58 幅，表 6 个，参考文献 80 篇。 关键词关键词采动影响；褶皱构造；非均称变形；各向异性；封闭承载结构 万方数据 III AbstractAbstract The asymmetric deation characteristic of rock roadway groups were induced by continuous mining of several working face progressively, and eventually led to large deation failure, north-south panel, east flank mining area, Zhuji east coal mine. the high-speed production and development of mine has been seriously restricted. Combined with the 2 years on-site follow-up survey and observational data, with the s of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and industrial test, this paper summarized both the asymmetric deation characteristic and the law of temporal evolution of roadway, and comprehensively discussed the influence factors of asymmetric deation and deation mechanism. for early asymmetric deation and last large deation characteristics, this paper proposed a complete closed bearing structure reconstruct technology, and floor anchor injection technology included. The industrial test was successful, the main conclusions are shown as follows 1 The asymmetric deation characteristic of roadway ① the punctate and linear asymmetric deation with “an working slope was in extrusion seriously”, “single shoulder and base angle damaged seriously” and “asymmetric floor heave”; ② Different type of roadway rock also showed a asymmetric deation, the hard rock of roof was whole rotation subsidence; but the soft rock of roof became very crushing, even like soil, the primary deation of it was flow. 2 Analog display the concentration factor of horizontal stress was up to 3.6, and the maximum concentration factor of vertical stress was 1.8, in anticline area. the horizontal stress of anticline core was maximum, the horizontal stress of two wings was followed, the horizontal stress near turn end was minimum. The sedimentary rock have anisotropy mechanical properties, under the conditions of orthotropic, the tangential stress in the surface of circular roadway was respectively symmetrical distribution with the direction of rock bedding and the vertical sense of rock bedding, and have obviously inhomogeneous symmetric distribution characteristics of “Four Peaks and Four Valleys”, and the largest tangential stress exists in the perpendicular direction of stratification bedding of rock. This inhomogeneous characteristics were growing bigger as the difference of E1 and E2 increases, as well as horizontal crustal stress increases. 万方数据 IV 3 The mechanical properties asymmetric distribution of roadway surrounding rock might be caused by the tilted strata roadways with a hard and soft rock interbedded surrounding rock structure, or there were some rock structural defects in part of surrounding rock, or the joints and fracture in different part of surrounding rock develop inhomogeneously. When the roadway surrounding rock would emerge obvious differences deation by interaction with the heterogenetical stress of surrounding rocks, the asymmetric mechanical properties of surrounding rocks, and roadway support strength, the roadway would emerge asymmetric deation. Simulation studies also indicate the presence of roadway weak interlayer will further increase the degree of asymmetric deation, the maximum value of roadway displacement and it’s distribution interval, the rock interface separation slip and plastic zone extension. 4 The reason of early punctate and linear asymmetric deation ①the non-uni distribution high tectonic stress field and shallow part surrounding rock stress; ②the mechanical properties asymmetric distribution of tilted strata roadway surrounding rock; ③the weak structure area emerged by sedimentary rock structural defects; ④improper support and lack of support strength. The mining influence was induction faction, under the influence of mining, the critical area of roadway surrounding rocks damaged first, other regions lagging damage or the extent of damage was relatively low, thus caused the asymmetric deation of roadway. The non closed support that roadway used was the real reason for eventually leading to large deation failure. The roadway floor with no support or weak support floor heave severe seriously, the cyclical tunnel bottom cleaning lead to the surrounding rock of roadways sides flow gradually to the floor, the surrounding rock of roadways sides and roof loosened failure, furthmore, it aggravated the asymmetric deation of roadway, and eventually led to large deation failure. 5 The closed support was an important means of controlling the large deation failure of roadway late. This paper puts forward a combined and closed support repair whit “cushion support grouting bolt and cable”, included the whole technical scheme and industrial process of floor anchor and injection technology, to construct a closed bearing ring again. The mine pressure monitoring of industrial test shows that the displacement of roadways sides is 66mm, the maximum magnitude of roof convergence is 20mm, the maximum magnitude of floor deation is 40mm, after repair and reinforcement. 万方数据 V There were 58 pictures, 6 tables and 80 references. Key words mining influence; fold structure; asymmetric deation; anisotropy; closed bearing structure 万方数据 VII 目目 录录 摘摘 要要............................................................................................................................ I 目目 录录........................................................................................................................... V 图清单图清单..........................................................................................................................XI 表清单表清单........................................................................................................................ XV 变量注释表变量注释表............................................................................................................. XVII 1 绪论绪论............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 选题的背景及意义................................................................................................. 1 1.2 国内外研究现状..................................................................................................... 2 1.3 研究内容及技术路线............................................................................................. 8 2 工程背景工程背景.................................................................................................................. 10 2.1 巷道群布置特征................................................................................................... 10 2.2 巷道工程地质条件............................................................................................... 10 2.3 巷道群初始支护................................................................................................... 12 3 多次采动渐进诱发软岩巷道非均称变形多次采动渐进诱发软岩巷道非均称变形 ............................................................. 13 3.1 基本变形特征....................................................................................................... 13 3.2 巷道表观点、线非均称变形............................................................................... 14 3.3 巷道不同岩性围岩非均称变形........................................................................... 16 3.4 小结....................................................................................................................... 19 4 巷道非均称变形机理及影响因素分析巷道非均称变形机理及影响因素分析 ................................................................. 20 4.1 背斜构造区应力场非均匀分布特征................................................................... 20 4.2 沉积岩层各向异性力学性质............................................................................... 22 4.3 倾斜岩层巷道围岩应力非均称分布................................................................... 23 4.4 岩层倾角及软弱夹层对巷道围岩非均称变形的影响....................................... 26 4.5 巷道非均称变形破坏机理................................................................................... 35 4.6 小结....................................................................................................................... 37 5 巷道全封闭承载结构再造技术巷道全封闭承载结构再造技术 ............................................................................. 38 5.1 非均称变形巷道围岩控制技术........................................................................... 38 5.2 全封闭承载结构再造方法................................................................................... 39 5.3 小结....................................................................................................................... 40 6 工业性试验工业性试验.............................................................................................................. 41 6.1 巷道基本情况....................................................................................................... 41 万方数据 VIII 6.2 巷道扩刷修复方案............................................................................................... 42 6.3 底板锚注方案....................................................................................................... 43 6.4 矿压监测............................................................................................................... 45 6.5 小结....................................................................................................................... 47 7 主要结论主要结论.................................................................................................................. 49 参考文献参考文献...................................................................................................................... 51 作者简历作者简历...................................................................................................................... 56 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 57 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集.......................................................................................................... 58 万方数据 IX ContentsContents Abstract...................................................................................................................... III Contents .................................................................................................................... VII List of Figures .............................................................................................................XI List of Tables............................................................................................................. XV List of Variables..................................................................................................... XVII 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 The Raise of Problem and the Meaning of Research ............................................... 1 1.2 Research Status ........................................................................................................ 2 1.3 Research Contents and Technology Roadmap ......................................................... 8 2 Engineering Background........................................................................................ 10 2.1 Layout Characteristics of Roadway Groups .......................................................... 10 2.2 Engineering Geological Conditions ....................................................................... 10 2.3 Initial Support of Roadway Groups ........