超高水材料充填开采留巷围岩活动规律研究.pdf
硕士学位论文 超高水材料充填开采留巷围岩活动 规律研究 Research on Rules of Surrouding Rock Movement for Backfill Mining and Entry Retaining with Superhigh-water Material 作 者李杰 导 师冯光明 教授 中国矿业大学 二○一四年四月 万方数据 中图分类号 TD823 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 超高水材料充填开采留巷围岩活动 规律研究 Research on Rules of Surrouding Rock Movement for Backfill Mining and Entry Retaining with Superhigh-water Material 作 者 李杰 导 师 冯光明 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 充填开采 答辩委员会主席 马立强 评 阅 人 孟宪义 李乃梁 二○一四年四月 万方数据 72 学位论文原创性声明 学位论文原创性声明 Declaration of Thesis Originally 本人郑重声明所呈交的学位论文超高水材料充填开采留巷围岩活动规律 研究 ,是本人在导师指导下,在中国矿业大学攻读学位期间进行的研究工作所 取得的成果。据我所知,除文中已经标明引用的内容外,本论文不包含任何其他 个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。 对本文的研究做出贡献的个人和集体, 均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。 学位论文作者签名 年 月 日 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明 学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一, 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权,即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版,可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文;②为教学和 科研目的,学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外,根据有关法规,同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 (保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书) 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 论文审阅认定书 论文审阅认定书 研究生 李杰 在规定的学习年限内, 按照研究生培养方案的 要求,完成了研究生课程的学习,成绩合格;在我的指导下完成本学 位论文,经审阅,论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同,论 文撰写格式符合学校的相关规定, 同意将本论文作为学位申请论文送 专家评审。 导师签字 年 月 日 万方数据 致谢 致谢 本文是在导师冯光明教授的精心指导下完成的。在研究生期间课程学习、论 文选题和现场实践,始终得到冯老师的谆谆教诲和亲切关怀,可以说,论文的每 一个细节都凝聚着冯老师的心血。导师渊博的专业知识、活跃的学术思想、严谨 的治学态度、求实的工作作风、忘我的奉献精神使我受益匪浅,鼓舞着我去克服 困难, 努力进取。 值此论文完成之际, 谨向恩师表示最衷心的感谢和诚挚的敬意。 在论文在完成过程中,要感谢丁玉教授、李乃梁副教授以及师兄贾凯军博士 对论文提出的建议和意见。 也要感谢周帅、 刘斌、 徐菲、 王帅、 王清亚、 李少华、 尚宝宝、张德成、张兆威、滑怀田等同学提供的支持和帮助。 三年的研究生生活,我结识了不少优秀的教师和矿业方面的专家,并得到了 他们真诚的帮助,在此向他们表示衷心的感谢。同时也要感谢中国矿业大学矿业 工程学院各位领导和老师的谆谆教导。 此外,在论文的撰写过程中,参阅了大量的论文和著作,在此对这些国内外 各位专家、学者及前辈致以最崇高的敬意 感谢在百忙中抽出时间对本论文进行评审和答辩的各位专家。 感谢所有关心、鼓励和帮助我的同学和朋友们。 感谢父母的养育之恩,在三年研究生学习及工作中,父母时常勉励作者努力 学习、报效祖国。他们的理解和支持是我在科学道路上勇于追求,不断前进的动 力和源泉,籍此机会,向他们表示深深的谢意。 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 在国内随着国民经济的高速发展, 煤炭资源需求量的逐年增大, 开采 “三下” 压煤已成为当前煤矿开采领域中的重要研究内容。伴随着“三下”压煤的大量开 采,作为一种无煤柱护巷技术,充填开采留巷是合理的开发现有煤炭资源、提高 煤炭资源采出率及控制地表沉陷的一种有效途径。 本文基于超高水材料的基本性质,结合充填开采留巷的实际应用情况,对充 填开采留巷方法进行了研究,针对瑞丰煤业 1612 工作面超高水材料充填开采留 巷技术,综合运用理论分析、数值模拟分析及现场实测分析等手段,对超高水材 料充填开采留巷围岩活动规律及控制机理进行了初步分析, 通过本研究得到了以 下主要结论 (1)超高水材料充填开采留巷方法主要有包式和混合式两种,根据矿井的 地质条件,灵活采用不同的充填开采留巷方法,从而扩大超高水材料在矿井充填 开采留巷中的应用范围。 (2)超高水材料充填开采留巷围岩变形受力主要是由巷道掘进、工作面开 采及围岩流变 3 个阶段引起,留巷围岩由表及里会呈现出表层破坏区、塑性区、 屈服区和中心弹性区 4 种状态。 (3)超高水材料充填开采留巷围岩活动控制主要通过以下两种方式①留 巷实体煤侧采用锚索加强支护技术; ②采用体积比较小的超高水材料增加巷旁包 式充填体强度,保持巷旁包式充填体的稳定性及提高采空区充填率。影响巷旁包 式充填体的稳定性及采空区充填率的因素有采矿因素、地质因素及充填体的力 学性质。 (4)采用数值模拟采空区充填率为 70、80、90的超高水材料充填开 采留巷围岩活动规律,可以得出随着采空区充填率的提高,充填开采留巷围岩应 力在逐渐降低、围岩变形在逐渐减小以及围岩的塑性区在逐渐减小。 (5)现场实测超高水材料充填开采留巷顶底板移近量在 60mm 以内、两帮 移近量在 30mm 以内, 巷帮有效的控制了留巷顶板活动, 留巷能够满足生产需求; 巷旁包式充填体的支承压力小于 2.5MPa,顶板岩层在与煤体、采空区充填体构 成的简支梁结构中有效地承担了承载作用,发挥了传递岩梁的效果,降低了巷旁 包式充填体承载力;留巷已经使用三年之久,留巷巷道没有太大变形,所以充填 开采留巷能够实现长时间使用的要求,维护费用也低。 该论文有图 49 幅,表 7 个,参考文献 77 篇。 关键词关键词超高水材料;充填开采;留巷;围岩活动;控制机理; 万方数据 II Abstract With the rapid development of national economy and increase in demand of coal resources year by year, the mining under buildings has become the important research content in the field of coal mining in China. As a kind of no-pillar mining technology, backfill mining and entry retaining is a reasonable and effective way to exploit coal resources, increase coal recovery ratio and control the surface subsidence with the large scale of coal mining under buildings. Based on the basic properties of super-high-water material, this article studies the s of backfill mining and entry retaining combined with the actual application situation of this technology. Preliminary analysis of rules and control mechanism of surrouding rock movement of backfill mining and entry retaining with super-high-water material is made, though comprehensive use of the means of theoretical analysis, numerical simulations and field observation for the application in 1612 working face of Rui-feng mining. The conclusions are as follows 1 There are two main s i.e. bag filling and hybrid filling with super-high-water material. Flexible use of different backfill mining s can be made according to the geological conditions of the mine, thereby expanding the range of application of backfill mining and entry retaining in mine. 2 The deation and stress of surrounding rock of backfill mining and entry retaining with super-high-water material is mainly caused by three stages drivage, working face mining and surrounding rock rheology, which show four conditions i.e. surface damage zone, plastic zone, yield zone and center elastic zone from the surface to the center. 3 The two main control s of surrounding rock movement of backfill mining and entry retaining with super-high-water material are as follows ①the reinforce technology of anchor cable in entity coal side;②increasing the strength of bag filling body by adopting the smaller volume ratio super-high-water material, maintaining stability of the bag filling body and improving filling rate of the goaf which are mainly affected by mining factors, geological factors and mechanical properties of the filling body. 4 Adopting numerical simulation to simulate the rules of surrounding rock movement of backfill mining and entry retaining with super-high-water material for 万方数据 III goaf filling rate of 70, 80 and 90, it shows the stress and deation of surrounding rock decrease, and plastic zone reduces with the increase of goaf filling rate. 5 The roof and floor convergence of roadway is within 60 mm, and the deation of roadway’s sides is within 30 mm in field measurement, which show the roadway’s roof have been effectivly controlled by sides and retained entry can meet the production requirements. the support pressure of bag filling body is less than 2.5MPa, The roof strata have effectively undertaken the role of bearer and played the transferring rock beam effect through the beam structure made of roof strata, coal and the goaf filling body, reducing the load of filling bag filling; the roadway has been used for three years with little deation, so it can be used for a long time with less maintenance costs. This paper has 49 figures, 7 tables and 77 references. Keywords superhigh-water material; backfill mining; entry retaining; surrouding rock movement; control mechanism; 万方数据 IV 目 录 目 录 摘 要 ............................................................ I摘 要 ............................................................ I 目 录 ........................................................... IV目 录 ........................................................... IV 图清单 ......................................................... VIII图清单 ......................................................... VIII 表清单 ........................................................... XI表清单 ........................................................... XI 变量注释表 ...................................................... XII变量注释表 ...................................................... XII 1 绪论 ............................................................ 11 绪论 ............................................................ 1 1.1 课题研究意义 .................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 .................................................. 3 1.3 主要研究内容与方法 ............................................. 10 2 超高水材料充填开采留巷方法研究 .................................. 122 超高水材料充填开采留巷方法研究 .................................. 12 2.1 超高水材料基本性能简介 ......................................... 12 2.2 超高水材料充填开采留巷工艺系统 ................................. 12 2.3 超高水材料充填开采留巷方法研究 ................................. 16 2.4 本章小结 ....................................................... 19 3 超高水材料充填开采留巷围岩活动控制机理 .......................... 203 超高水材料充填开采留巷围岩活动控制机理 .......................... 20 3.1 充填开采相关理论简介 ........................................... 20 3.2 超高水材料充填开采留巷围岩活动特点 ............................. 21 3.3 超高水材料充填开采留巷围岩活动控制机理 ......................... 26 3.4 本章小结 ....................................................... 30 4 超高水材料充填开采留巷围岩活动规律数值模拟 ...................... 314 超高水材料充填开采留巷围岩活动规律数值模拟 ...................... 31 4.1 FLCD 3D简介 ..................................................... 31 4.2 数值模拟模型的建立 ............................................. 31 4.3 模拟方案设计 ................................................... 32 4.4 模拟结果分析 ................................................... 33 4.5 本章小结 ....................................................... 39 5 超高水材料充填开采留巷工程实践 ................................. 405 超高水材料充填开采留巷工程实践 ................................. 40 5.1 超高水材料充填工艺系统研制 ..................................... 40 万方数据 V 5.2 充填开采留巷工作面概况 ......................................... 44 5.3 充填开采留巷工艺 ............................................... 46 5.4 矿压观测方案 ................................................... 51 5.5 工作面顶板活动观测与分析 ....................................... 54 5.6 留巷围岩活动观测与分析 ......................................... 57 5.7 经济与社会效益分析 ............................................. 62 5.8 本章小结 ....................................................... 63 6 结论与展望...................................................... 656 结论与展望...................................................... 65 6.1 主要结论 ....................................................... 65 6.2 研究展望 ....................................................... 66 参考文献 ......................................................... 67参考文献 ......................................................... 67 作者简历 ......................................................... 71作者简历 ......................................................... 71 学位论文原创性声明 ............................................... 72学位论文原创性声明 ............................................... 72 学位论文数据集 ................................................... 73学位论文数据集 ................................................... 73 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II Contents ..................................................................................................................... VI List of Figures ......................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables .............................................................................................................. XI List of Variables ........................................................................................................ XII 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Topic Research Significance .................................................................................... 1 1.2 Research Status at Home and Abroad ...................................................................... 3 1.3 Main Research Contents and s .................................................................. 10 2 s Research on Backfill Mining and Entry Retaining with Superhigh-water Material ......................................................................................... 12 2.1 Brief Introduction to Basic Properties of Superhigh-water Material ..................... 12 2.2 Process System of Backfill Mining and Entry Retaining with Superhigh-water Material ........................................................................................................................ 12 2.3 s Research on Backfill Mining and Entry Retaining with Superhigh-water Material ........................................................................................................................ 16 2.4 Summary of This Chapter ...................................................................................... 19 3 Control Mechanism of Surrounding Rock Movement for Backfill Mining and Entry Retaining with Superhigh-water Material .................................................... 20 3.1 Introduction of Related Theory on Backfill Mining .............................................. 20 3.2 Characteristics of Surrouding Rock Movement of Backfill Mining and Entry Retaining with Superhigh-water Material .................................................................... 21 3.3 Control Mechanism of Surrounding Rock Movement for Backfill Mining and Entry Retaining with Superhigh-water Material .......................................................... 26 3.4 Summary of This Chapter ...................................................................................... 30 4 Numerical Simulation on Rules of Surrouding Rock Movement for Backfill Mining and Entry Retaining with Superhigh-water Material ............................... 31 4.1 Introduction of Flac3d ............................................................................................. 31 4.2 Model of Numerical Simulation ............................................................................ 31 万方数据 VII 4.3 Program of Numerical Simulation ......................................................................... 32 4.4 Analysis of Simulation Results .............................................................................. 33 4.5 Summary of This Chapter ...................................................................................... 39 5 Engineering Practice of Backfill Mining and Entry Retaining with Superhigh-water Material ......................................................................................... 40 5.1 Research on Process System of Backfill Mining with Superhigh-water Material . 40 5.2 Geological Situation of Backfill Mining and Entry Retaining Face ...................... 44 5.3 Process of Backfill Mining and Entry Retaining ................................................... 46 5.4 Strata Control Observation s ..................................................................... 51 5.5 Observation and Analysis of Roof in Face ............................................................ 54 5.6 Observation and Analysis of Entry Retaining Surrouding Rock Movement ......... 57 5.7 Analysis of Economic Benefits and Social Benefits .............................................. 62 5.8 Summary of This Chapter ...................................................................................... 63 6 Conclusions and Prospects ..................................................................................... 65 6.1 Main Conclusions .................................................................................................. 65 6.2 Research Prospects ..............................................................