扎哈淖尔露天矿复合边坡稳定性及开采控制技术研究.pdf

硕士学位论文 扎哈淖尔露天矿复合边坡稳定性及开采控 制技术研究 Study on Composite Slope Stability and Mining Control Technique for Zhahanao’er Open-pit Mine 作 者唐文亮 导 师彭洪阁副教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一七年五月 中图分类号 TD824 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 扎哈淖尔露天矿复合边坡稳定性及开采控制 技术研究 Study on Composite Slope Stability and Mining Control Technique for Zhahanao’er Open-pit Mine 作 者 唐文亮 导 师 彭洪阁 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 露天开采 答辩委员会主席 李克民 评 阅 人 盲审 二〇一七年五月 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 致致 谢谢 硕士生涯临近尾声，回首七年矿大生活，内心充满感激之情，学生定当勤奋 求实，砥砺前行。 首先感谢我的导师彭洪阁副教授对我生活和学业上无微不至的关心和帮助。 彭老师品德高尚、待人和善、治学严谨、学识渊博，在我研究生学习期间，他不 仅传授了我做学问的技巧， 让我能够学到更多的、 更全面的、 更贴合实践的知识； 在生活上对我无微不至的照顾，让我感受到了家人的关怀；还传授了我做人的准 则，这些都让我铭记于心。在论文的研究和写作过程中，自始至终都得到了导师 彭洪阁副教授的悉心指导和亲切关怀， 使论文得以顺利完成。 值此论文完成之际， 再次向彭老师表示衷心的感谢和崇高的敬意 感谢中国矿业大学露天开采与边坡工程研究所李克民教授给予我学习和生 活的关心和照顾。李老师不仅在科研道路上以渊博的知识、严谨求实的治学态度 以及对科学的执著追求引领着我；在生活上也十分关心和照顾我，特此感谢。 作者在完成论文期间， 得到了中国矿业大学露天开采与边坡工程研究所各位 老师的热情帮助和大力支持，在此向才庆祥教授、姬长生教授、车兆学教授、尚 涛教授、舒继森教授、周伟教授、陈树召讲师、丁小华讲师表示衷心的感谢 在论文的写作过程中得到了马力博士后、韩流博士后、肖双双博士、黄甫硕 士、潘飞亚硕士、师兵团硕士、栗嘉彬硕士、刘云肖硕士和其他师兄弟的帮助， 在硕士研究生学习期间，中国矿业大学矿业工程学院和研究生院的有关领导、老 师给予了我无微不至的关怀和指导，在此一并致以诚挚的谢意 特别感谢扎哈淖尔露天矿于海里总工程师以及矿山所有人员对露天矿基础 数据收集的大力支持与配合。 感谢我的父母、兄长以及朋友们对我在论文写作过程中给予的体谅与支持。 感谢本科和研究生期间舍友们在生活和学习上的照顾， 感谢霍昱名对论文写作的 支持和建议。 最后，感谢在百忙中抽出时间悉心评阅本论文和参与答辩的各位专家 唐文亮 2017 年 5 月 10 日 I 摘摘 要要 论文运用露天采矿学、数值模拟和极限平衡等分析理论，对扎哈淖尔露天矿 复合边坡稳定性及开采控制技术进行研究。综合国内外研究现状，明确了露天矿 复合边坡稳定对露天矿安全生产的重要性和开采控制技术对稳定复合边坡的积 极作用。通过分析扎哈淖尔露天矿开采延深顺序并计算采掘工程量，建立了堆载 过程中排土场容量计算模型， 研究了扎哈淖尔露天矿复合边坡结构随采排工程发 展规律。在分析露天矿复合边坡组成及岩性特征的基础上，研究了复合边坡的基 本特性变化。基于复合边坡四种典型破坏模式的分析，对扎哈淖尔露天矿复合边 坡潜在变形破坏模式进行了分析。 采用三维拉格朗日法详细分析了复合边坡滑动模式，给出了应力、应变和剪 应变增量分布区等数据， 得出影响扎哈淖尔露天矿南帮复合边坡稳定性的主要因 素为 IVC 煤底板的顺倾弱层，滑动模式为以弱层为底界面的剪切-顺层滑动。影 响扎哈淖尔露天矿北帮复合边坡稳定性的主要因素为岩土体物理力学性质， 滑动 模式为以上部排弃物和第四系岩土等构成的软弱岩层形成的圆弧滑动。 根据确定的滑动模式及滑面位置， 采用极限平衡法和强度折减法分析了复合 边坡稳定性，露天矿南帮边坡和南排土场边坡稳定系数均在 1.2 以上，南帮到界 复合边坡稳定系数为 1.11。北帮复合边坡稳定系数高于 1.2，并确定了间距在 225m 时北帮边坡稳定系数能达到 1.3 以上，北帮到界复合边坡稳定系数为 1.26。 在矿山生产现状和复合边坡稳定性分析的前提下， 提出了横采内排开采控制 技术，同时详细分析了该技术实施内容。在此基础上，建立了横采内排控制技术 下南帮边坡模型，分析了不同追踪距离下南帮边坡的稳定性，并得出稳定系数， 总结了稳定系数随追踪距离变化的规律。 结果表明在保证横采工作帮合理推进的 情况下，追踪距离应小于 75m。 该论文有图 80 幅，表 11 个，参考文献 86 篇。 关键词关键词露天矿；复合边坡；稳定性；开采控制；滑动模式 II Abstract Aiming at composite slope stability and mining control technique of Zhahanao’er open-pit mine, surface mining technique, numerical simulation and limit equilibrium analysis theories were applied. The importance was acknowledged that composite slope stable is critical for the safety of open-pit mine and the positive effect of mining control technique on stable composite slope. According to the analysis of mining operation procedure and the calculation of stripping quantity in Zhahanao’er open-pit mine, the calculation model of dump capacity in the loading process was established, geometry develope rule of composite slope was studied. Based on ation lithology and rock mass strength of open pit were analyzed, the basic characteristics of composite slope were studied, based on the analysis of four typical failure modes of composite slope, the potential deation and failure modes of composite slope in Zahanao’er open pit were analyzed. The FLAC was used to analyze the stability of composite slope, and the stress, strain and shear strain increment zone were given, It was concluded that the main reason affects the sliding mode of the south composite slope was obvious weak layers, and the south composite slope sliding mode is cutting bedding slip with the bottom interface as the weak layer. The main reason that affects the sliding mode of the north composite slope was poor rock mechanical properties. and the north composite slope sliding mode is circular sliding mode. According to sliding mode and sliding surface position, the limit equilibrium and the strength reduction were used to analyze the stability of composite slope, The safety factor of the south end-slope and the south dump were above 1.2, the safety factor of the south composite slope when it was mined to the bottom was 1.11. The safety factor of the north composite slope was above 1.2, and the safety factor would be above 1.3 when the distance was 225m between the dump and the end-slope, the safety factor of the north composite slope when it was mined to the bottom was about 1.26. On the basis of the current situation and the stability analysis of composite slope, the control technique by horizontal mining with inner-dump was proposed. and the implementation content was analyzed. The south end-slope model was established after the control technique was adopted, the stability was analyzed with different III distance tracking, the safety factor was calculated, the regularity of variation of the safety factor with the tracking distance was summarized. The results show that the tracking distance should be less than 75m when working slope push reasonable. There are 80 figures, 11 tables and 86 references in this paper. Keywords open-pit mine; composite slope; stability; mining control; sliding modes. IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ........................................................................................................................... I 目目 录录 ........................................................................................................................ IV 图清单图清单 ..................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单 ....................................................................................................................... XII 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................. XIII 1 绪论绪论 ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 选题背景及研究意义............................................................................................. 1 1.2 国内外研究现状..................................................................................................... 4 1.3 主要研究内容......................................................................................................... 6 1.4 研究方法与技术路线............................................................................................. 6 2 扎哈淖尔露天矿复合边坡特点及潜在变形破坏模式扎哈淖尔露天矿复合边坡特点及潜在变形破坏模式 ........................................... 9 2.1 扎哈淖尔露天矿复合边坡结构发展规律............................................................. 9 2.2 扎哈淖尔露天矿复合边坡基本特性................................................................... 14 2.3 扎哈淖尔露天矿复合边坡潜在变形破坏模式................................................... 16 2.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 18 3 扎哈淖尔露天矿复合边坡滑动模式扎哈淖尔露天矿复合边坡滑动模式 ..................................................................... 20 3.1 三维快速拉格朗日法原理................................................................................... 20 3.2 南帮复合边坡数值模拟....................................................................................... 21 3.3 北帮复合边坡数值模拟....................................................................................... 27 3.4 露天矿复合边坡滑动模式对比........................................................................... 32 3.5 本章小结............................................................................................................... 34 4 扎哈淖尔露天矿复合边坡稳定性分析扎哈淖尔露天矿复合边坡稳定性分析 ................................................................. 35 4.1 复合边坡稳定性分析方法................................................................................... 35 4.2 南帮复合边坡稳定性分析................................................................................... 37 4.3 北帮复合边坡稳定性分析................................................................................... 42 4.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 48 5 扎哈淖尔露天矿复合边坡条件下开采控制技术扎哈淖尔露天矿复合边坡条件下开采控制技术 ................................................. 49 5.1 扎哈淖尔露天矿生产现状................................................................................... 49 V 5.2 横采内排开采控制技术....................................................................................... 51 5.3 横采内排下南帮稳定性分析............................................................................... 56 5.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 60 6 结论结论 ......................................................................................................................... 61 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 62 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 68 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 69 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 70 VI Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II Contents ..................................................................................................................... VI List of Figures ......................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables ............................................................................................................ XII List of Variables ..................................................................................................... XIII 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Background and Significance ................................................................... 1 1.2 Studies at Home and Aboard ................................................................................... 4 1.3 Research Aim and ology ............................................................................. 6 1.4 Research ology and Technique Course ....................................................... 6 2 Composite Slope Characteristics and Potential Failure Modes in Zhahanao’er Open-pit Mine .............................................................................................................. 9 2.1 Composite Slope Structure Develope Rule of Zhahanao’er Open-pit Mine ........... 9 2.2 Composite Slope Basic Features of Zhahanao’er Open-pit Mine ......................... 14 2.3 Composite Slope Potential Failure Modes of Zhahanao’er Open-pit Mine .......... 16 2.4 Summary ................................................................................................................ 18 3 Sliding Mode of Composite Slope in Zhahanao’er Open-pit Mine .................... 20 3.1 Theory of FLAC3D ................................................................................................. 20 3.2 Numerical Simulation Analysis of South Composite Slope .................................. 21 3.3 Numerical Simulation Analysis of North Composite Slope .................................. 27 3.4 Comparison of Composite Slope Sliding Mode in Open-pit Mine ........................ 32 3.5 Summary ................................................................................................................ 34 4 Composite Slope Stability Analysis in Zhahanao’er Open-pit Mine ................. 35 4.1 Composite Slope Stability Analysis ......................................................... 35 4.2 Stability Analysis of South Composite Slope ........................................................ 37 4.3 Stability Analysis of North Composite Slope ........................................................ 42 4.4 Summary ................................................................................................................ 48 5 Mining Control Technique Under the Condition of Composite Slope in Zhahanao’er Open-pit Mine ..................................................................................... 49 5.1 Production Status of Open-pit Mine ...................................................................... 49 VII 5.2 Control Technique of Horizontal Mining with Inner Dump .................................. 51 5.3 South End-Slope Stability Analysis for Horizontal Mining with Inner Dump ...... 56 5.4 Summary ................................................................................................................ 60 6 Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 61 References ................................................................................................................... 62 Author Resume........................................................................................................... 68 Declaration of Thesis Originality ............................................................................. 69 Thesis Data Collection ............................................................................................... 70 VIII 图清单图清单 图序号 图名称 页码 图 1-1 复合边坡基本结构形态 1 Figure 1-1 Basic structure of composite slope 1 图 1-2 采场现状图 2 Figure 1-2 Sketch map of mining field status 2 图 1-3 技术路线图 8 Figure 1-3 Technique roadmap 8 图 2-1 采场开拓延深示意图 9 Figure 2-1 Sketch map of stope development extension 9 图 2-2 采掘工程量变化趋势 11 Figure 2-2 The change trend of mining engineering quantity 11 图 2-3 露天矿外排土场几何形态 11 Figure 2-3 Geometrical of outer dump in open-pit 11 图 2-4 露天矿复合边坡形成与发展 12 Figure 2-4 ation and development of composite slope in open-pit mine 12 图 2-5 开挖堆载过程中复合边坡高度变化曲线 14 Figure 2-5 Composite slope height change curves of during mining and dumping process 14 图 2-6 扎哈淖尔露天矿复合边坡剖面结构 16 Figure 2-6 The composite slope profile structure of zhahanao’er open-pit mine 16 图 2-7 复合边坡破坏模式示意图 17 Figure 2-7 Failure modes of composite slope 17 图 2-8 南帮复合边坡破坏情况现场图 18 Figure 2-8 The disruption situate of south composite slope 18 图 2-9 北帮复合边坡破坏情况现场图 19 Figure 2-9 The disruption situate of north composite slope 19 图 3-1 南帮复合边坡数值模拟分析模型 22 Figure 3-1 The south composite slope model of numerical simulation analysis 22 图 3-2 南帮复合边坡整体位移云图（单位m） 22