深井高应力软岩巷道围岩稳定性控制研究.pdf

分类号分类号TD745TD745密密级级公公开开 U D CU D C单位代码单位代码 1041042424 学学 位位 论论 文文 深井高应力软岩巷道围岩稳定性深井高应力软岩巷道围岩稳定性深井高应力软岩巷道围岩稳定性 深井高应力软岩巷道围岩稳定性 控制研究控制研究控制研究 控制研究 秦秦 宪宪 波波 申请学位级别申请学位级别硕士学位硕士学位专业专业名名称称采矿工程采矿工程 指导教师姓名指导教师姓名马马 其其 华华职职称称副副 教教 授授 山山 东东 科科 技技 大大 学学 二零一一年六月二零一一年六月 论文题目论文题目论文题目 论文题目 深井高应力软岩巷道围岩稳定性深井高应力软岩巷道围岩稳定性深井高应力软岩巷道围岩稳定性 深井高应力软岩巷道围岩稳定性 控制研究控制研究控制研究 控制研究 作者姓名作者姓名作者姓名 作者姓名 秦秦 宪宪 波波入学时间入学时间入学时间 入学时间 20082008 年年 9 9 月月 专业名称专业名称专业名称 专业名称 采矿工程采矿工程研究方向研究方向研究方向 研究方向 矿山压力与岩层控制矿山压力与岩层控制 指导教师指导教师指导教师 指导教师 马马 其其 华华职职职 职 称称称 称 副副教教授授 论文提交日期论文提交日期论文提交日期 论文提交日期 201201201 201 1 1 1 1 年年 4 4 4 4 月月日日 论文答辩日期论文答辩日期论文答辩日期 论文答辩日期 201120112011 2011 年年 6 6 6 6 月月日日 授予学位日期授予学位日期授予学位日期 授予学位日期 STUDYSTUDYSTUDY STUDY O O O O N N N N STABILITYSTABILITYSTABILITY STABILITY OFOFOF OF SURROUNDINGSURROUNDINGSURROUNDING SURROUNDING ROCKROCKROCK ROCK OFOFOF OF HIGHHIGHHIGH HIGH STRESSSTRESSSTRESS STRESS SOFTSOFTSOFT SOFT ROCKROCKROCK ROCK ROADWAYROADWAYROADWAY ROADWAY OFOFOF OF DEEPDEEPDEEP DEEP MINEMINEMINE MINE A A A A DissertationDissertationDissertation Dissertation tedtedted ted ininin in fulfillmentfulfillmentfulfillment fulfillment ofofof of thethethe the requirementsrequirementsrequirements requirements ofofof of thethethe the degreedegreedegree degree ofofof of MASTERMASTERMASTER MASTER OFOFOF OF PHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHY PHILOSOPHY fromfromfrom from ShandongShandongShandong Shandong UniversityUniversityUniversity University ofofof of ScienceScienceScience Science andandand and TechnologyTechnologyTechnology Technology b b b b y y y y QinQinQin Qin XianBoXianBoXianBo XianBo SupervisorSupervisorSupervisor Supervisor AssociateAssociateAssociate Associate ProfessorProfessorProfessor Professor MaMaMa Ma QihuaQihuaQihua Qihua CollegeCollegeCollege College ofofof of NaturalNaturalNatural Natural ResourcesResourcesResources Resources andandand and EnvironmentalEnvironmentalEnvironmental Environmental EngineeringEngineeringEngineering Engineering JuneJuneJune June 201120112011 2011 声声明明 本人呈交给山东科技大学的这篇硕士学位论文，除了所列参考文献和世所 公认的文献外，全部是本人在导师指导下的研究成果。该论文资料尚没有呈交 于其它任何学术机关作鉴定。 硕士生签名 日期 AFFIRMATIONAFFIRMATIONAFFIRMATION AFFIRMATION I I I I declaredeclaredeclare declare thatthatthat that thisthisthis this dissertation,dissertation,dissertation, dissertation, tedtedted ted ininin in fulfillmentfulfillmentfulfillment fulfillment ofofof of thethethe the requirementsrequirementsrequirements requirements forforfor for thethethe the awardawardaward award ofofof of MasterMasterMaster Master ofofof of PhilosophyPhilosophyPhilosophy Philosophy ininin in ShandongShandongShandong Shandong UniversityUniversityUniversity University ofofof of ScienceScienceScience Science andandand and Technology,Technology,Technology, Technology, is is is is whollywhollywholly wholly mymymy my ownownown own workworkwork work unlessunlessunless unless referencedreferencedreferenced referenced ofofof of acknowledge.acknowledge.acknowledge. acknowledge. TheTheThe The documentdocumentdocument document hashashas has notnotnot not beenbeenbeen been tedtedted ted forforfor for qualificationqualificationqualification qualification atatat at anyanyany any otherotherother other academicacademicacademic academic institute.institute.institute. institute. SignatureSignatureSignature Signature DateDateDate Date 山东科技大学硕士学位论文摘要 摘摘要要 国家对一次能源消耗量不断增加，直接导致煤炭企业开采力度加大，同时也导致了 煤矿开采深度不断增大，致使有些煤矿开采深度已超过千米。深井巷道所处应力水平不 断增大，巷道矿压显现剧烈，围岩变形严重，围岩变形呈现出软岩的特征，巷道支护变 得越来越困难。传统的巷道支护结构和支护参数已不能适应深井高应力软岩巷道的变形 规律，现有的深井巷道控制对策不成熟，这使得巷道围岩稳定性得不到有效控制，巷道 不断返修甚至废弃，造成了巨大的经济损失。如何有效地控制深井高应力软岩巷道的围 岩变形，已成为煤炭开采急需解决的难题。 本文采用现场实测、理论分析、正交试验及数值模拟等方法，对深井高应力软岩巷 道围岩变形规律和围岩力学特征进行分析研究。通过现场实测分析，巷道表面围岩位移 量呈指数函数增长，巷道顶底板是控制的重点，巷道深部围岩的松动圈为 2.5～3m。运 用粘弹性力学理论对深井高应力软岩巷道围岩力学特征进行分析，得出巷道围岩任一点 变形位移和变形速率公式。运用 Flac3D数值模拟软建立应变软化三维数值模拟模型，对 应变软化模型巷道开挖应力场、位移场和塑性破坏区进行分析研究，确定深井高应力软 岩巷道围岩的变形破坏特征。针对巷道的破坏特征提出了锚网索刚柔耦合及围岩整体加 固底板锚注支护技术，利用正交试验、Flac3D数值模拟以及理论分析，确定了合理地适 应深井软岩巷道支护结构及支护参数。根据得出的巷道支护结构和支护参数进行了现场 试验，试验结果表明-850 矸石暗斜井采用优化后的支护结构及支护参数，可以有效地控 制了巷道围岩变形，保证了巷道围岩的稳定，将围岩变形有效地控制在合理的范围之内， 为今后类似地质条件下深井高应力软岩巷道的支护，提供了重要的参考价值。 关键词关键词高应力软岩，围岩力学特征，正交试验，围岩注浆，底板锚注 山东科技大学硕士学位论文摘要 A A A A BSTRACTBSTRACTBSTRACT BSTRACT On a national energy consumption increases unceasingly, led directly to the coal mining enterprises, but also strengthened led to increased coal mining depth, leaving some coal mining depth has more than kilometers. Deep roadway increase in stress level appeared in the roadway and mine pressure is serious and violent, surrounding rock deation shows soft rock surrounding rock deation characteristics, roadway support becamemore and moredifficult. The traditional roadway support structure and support parameters already can not adapt to the deep mine high stress deation law of soft rock roadway, and the existing deep roadway control countermeasures immature, this makes the stability of surrounding rock roadway without effective control and roadway constantly repair even abandoned, caused a huge economic losses. How to effectively control high stress soft rock roadway surrounding rock deation in deep mine, has become urgent problems. This paper adopts site measurement, theoretical analysis, orthogonal experiment and numerical simulation s to analyze surrounding rock deation law and mechanics characteristic of high stress soft rock roadway of deep mine. By field measurement analysis, displacement of surrounding rock roadway surface grows exponentially, the roof and floor of is the key of controlling roadway surrounding rock, loose circle is 2.53m. Mechanics characteristic of high stress soft rock roadway of deep mine is studyed for using elastic-plastic mechanics theory, and any point deation rateula displacement and deation. Using Flac3Dnumerical simulation soft establish strain softening of Flac3Dnumerical simulation model, strain softening model roadway excavation stress field and displacement field and plastic damage area were analyzed to determine high stress, deep soft rock tunnel deation damage characteristics of surrounding rock.According to the failure characteristics forward roadway bolt anchor nets cable firm soft coupling and surrounding rock bottom overall reinforcement blot-inject support technology, using the orthogonal experiment, Flac3Dnumerical simulation and theory analysis, determines a reasonable deep soft rock tunnel to supporting institutions and support parameters. According to the roadway structure and obtained the field test supporting parameters, the experimental results show that - 850 to optimize the gangue dark portal of supporting structure and support parameters, can effectively control the drift surrounding rock deation, guarantee the stability of surrounding rock, will surrounding rock deation effectively control in reasonable limits, in similar geological conditions for high stress deep soft rock tunnel support, provides important reference value. KeywordsKeywordsKeywords Keywords high stress soft rock, surroundingrock mechanicscharacteristic, orthogonal test, grouting surrounding rock, anchor grouting in floor 山东科技大学硕士学位论文目录 目目录录 1 1 1 1 绪绪绪 绪 论论论 论 1 1 1 1 1.1 课题的提出及研究意义1 1.2 国内外深部开采及支护研究现状2 1.3 深井高应力软岩巷道支护及稳定性存在的主要问题7 1.4 论文研究的内容、方法及技术路线9 2 2 2 2 深井高应力软岩巷道围岩变形规律及影响因素分析研究深井高应力软岩巷道围岩变形规律及影响因素分析研究深井高应力软岩巷道围岩变形规律及影响因素分析研究 深井高应力软岩巷道围岩变形规律及影响因素分析研究 121212 12 2.1 -850 行人暗斜井地质概况12 2.2 深井高应力软岩巷道的判定13 2.3 深井高应力软岩巷道围岩变形规律分析研究15 2.4 深井高应力软岩巷道围岩稳定性影响因素分析研究23 2.5 本章小结24 3 3 3 3 深井高应力软岩巷道围岩力学特征及稳定性控制对策深井高应力软岩巷道围岩力学特征及稳定性控制对策深井高应力软岩巷道围岩力学特征及稳定性控制对策 深井高应力软岩巷道围岩力学特征及稳定性控制对策 262626 26 3.1 深井高应力软岩巷道围岩力学特征理论分析26 3.2 深井高应力软岩巷道围岩变形破坏机理研究32 3.3 深井高应力软岩巷道围岩稳定性控制对策39 3.4 本章小结42 4 4 4 4 深井高应力软岩巷道支护参数优化设计研究深井高应力软岩巷道支护参数优化设计研究深井高应力软岩巷道支护参数优化设计研究 深井高应力软岩巷道支护参数优化设计研究 444444 44 4.1 深井高应力软岩巷道锚网索支护正交试验设计研究44 4.2 深井高应力软岩巷道注浆加固优化设计研究52 4.3 深井高应力软岩巷道底臌控制技术研究59 4.4 本章小结63 5 5 5 5 巷道支护效果监测分析巷道支护效果监测分析巷道支护效果监测分析 巷道支护效果监测分析 646464 64 5.1-850 矸石暗斜井支护概况64 5.2 巷道支护效果监测及数据分析66 5.3 本章小结69 6 6 6 6 主要结论及建议主要结论及建议主要结论及建议 主要结论及建议 707070 70 山东科技大学硕士学位论文目录 6.1 主要结论70 6.2 存在问题及建议72 致致致 致 谢谢谢 谢 747474 74 参考文献参考文献参考文献 参考文献 757575 75 攻读硕士期间主要成果攻读硕士期间主要成果攻读硕士期间主要成果 攻读硕士期间主要成果 797979 79 山东科技大学硕士学位论文目录 ContentsContentsContents Contents 1 1 1 1 I I I I ntroductionntroductionntroduction ntroduction 1 1 1 1 1.1Presents and Significance of ResearchTopics1 1.2Domestic and International Research Situation of Deep Mining and Support2 1.3Main Problems of Supporting and Stability on High Stress Soft Rock Roadway of Deep Mine7 1.4Research Contents, and Technology Routing9 2 2 2 2 D D D D eationeationeation eation R R R R egularityegularityegularity egularity andandand and I I I I nfluencenfluencenfluence nfluence F F F F actorsactorsactors actors ofofof of SurroundingSurroundingSurrounding Surrounding R R R R ockockock ock A A A A nalysisnalysisnalysis nalysis R R R R esearchesearchesearch esearch ofofof of HighHighHigh High S S S S tresstresstress tress S S S S oftoftoft oft R R R R ockockock ock RoadwayRoadwayRoadway Roadway ofofof of D D D D eepeepeep eep MineMineMine Mine 121212 12 2.1-850 Pedestrian Dark Shafts Geological Overview12 2.2TheJudgement of High Stress Soft Rock Roadway of Deep Mine13 2.3Deation Regularity of Surrounding Rock Analysis Research of High Stress Soft Rock Roadway of Deep Mine15 2.4Stablity Influence Factors of Surrounding Rock Analysis Research of High Stress SoftRock Roadway of Deep Mine23 2.5Brief Summary24 3 3 3 3 MechanicalMechanicalMechanical Mechanical C C C C haracteristicsharacteristicsharacteristics haracteristics andandand and S S S S tabilitytabilitytability tability C C C C ontrolontrolontrol ontrol C C C C ountermeasureountermeasureountermeasure ountermeasure ofofof of SurroundingSurroundingSurrounding Surrounding R R R R ockockock ock ofofof of HighHighHigh High S S S S tresstresstress tress S S S S oftoftoft oft R R R R ockockock ock RoadwayRoadwayRoadway Roadway ofofof of D D D D eepeepeep eep MineMineMine Mine 262626 26 3.1Mechanical Characteristics Analysis of Surrounding Rock of High Stress Soft Rock Roadway of Deep Mine26 3.2The Mechanism of Deation and Failure Research of Surrounding Rock of High Stress Soft Rock Roadway of Deep Mine32 3.3Stability ControlCountermeasureof Surrounding Rock of High Stress Soft Rock Roadway of Deep Mine 39 3.4Brief Summary42 4 4 4 4 SupportingSupportingSupporting Supporting P P P P arametersarametersarameters arameters O O O O ptimizationptimizationptimization ptimization D D D D esignesignesign esign R R R R esearchesearchesearch esearch ofofof of HighHighHigh High S S S S tresstresstress tress S S S S oftoftoft oft R R R R ockockock ock RoadwayRoadwayRoadway Roadway ofofof of D D D D eepeepeep eep MineMineMine Mine 444444 44 4.1Bolt-Mesh-Anchor Supporting Orthogonal Experiment Design Research of High Stress Soft Rock Roadway of Deep Mine44 4.2Grouting Strengthening Optimization Design Research of High Stress Soft Rock Roadway of Deep Mine52 4.3Floor Heave ControlTechnology Research of High Stress Soft Rock Roadway of Deep Mine59 4.4Brief Summary 63 山东科技大学硕士学位论文目录 5 5 5 5 RoadwayRoadwayRoadway Roadway SupportSupportSupport Support EddectEddectEddect Eddect MMM M onitoringonitoringonitoring onitoring A A A A nalysisnalysisnalysis nalysis 646464 64 5.1-850 Gangue Dark Shafts Geological Overview64 5.2Roadway Support Eddect Monitoring and Data Analysis66 5.3Brief Summary 69 6 6 6 6 MainMainMain Main ConclusionsConclusionsConclusions Conclusions andandand and SuggestionSuggestionSuggestion Suggestion 707070 70 6.1Main Conclusions70 6.2Existing Problems and Suggestion72 ThanksThanksThanks Thanks 747474 74 ReferenceReferenceReference Reference DocumentsDocumentsDocuments Documents 767676 76 MainMainMain Main WorkWorkWork Work AchievementAchievementAchievement Achievement duringduringduring during WorkingWorkingWorking Working ononon on MasterMasterMaster Master TimeTimeTime Time 797979 79 山东科技大学硕士学位论文绪论 1 1 1 1 1 绪论绪论绪论 绪论 1.11.11.1 1.1 课题的提出及研究意义课题的提出及研究意义课题的提出及研究意义 课题的提出及研究意义 煤炭一直是我国的主要能源，在总体能源消耗中占据着十分重要的地位。我国是产 煤大国，每年的原煤产量以亿吨的速度增加。2006 年全国原煤产量为 23.25 亿吨，2009 年全国原煤产量达到 29.6 亿吨，但是还不能满足经济发展的需求。据专家预测在未来的 相当长的时间内，中国的能源结构不会发生太大的改变， 煤炭占能源消耗量的 70以上 。 而我国煤炭资源埋深在 1000m 以下的储量为 2.95 万亿吨，占煤炭资源总量的 53以上， 也就是说，中国未来要想满足煤炭资源的需要，必须要进入深部开采。中国的现代化建 设和经济迅速发展使中国的能源消耗持续增加，同时对煤炭的需求也在不断增大。煤炭 资源需求量不断增加势必会使开采规模不断扩大。浅部煤炭易采，但煤炭资源日趋枯竭， 开采已经开始向深部发展，中国东部一些矿井，现在的开采深度已经超过 1000m，而且 开采深度还以 8～12m/a 速度增加。 有些资源急缺的矿井矿井更为突出，以10～25m/a 的 速度向深部延深，据专家预计在未来 20 年内中国东部大部分矿井将进入 1000～1500m 以上的深部开采。 深部开采的煤系地层广泛发育沉积结构面、泥化夹层和软弱夹层，并且具有普遍性 和区域性，深部开采巷道围岩多数处于“三高”高应力、高地温和高岩溶水压的地质 环境。深部开采的采准巷道以及部分开拓巷道除了受“三高”影响外，还受其它“扰动” 影响，这使得深部围岩岩体的结构特征和力学行为更为复杂。在浅部开采中表现为硬岩 特性的岩体进入深部开采后表现出大变形、大地压、难支护等非线性软岩力学特征，巷 道围岩变得更加难以支护，围岩矿压现在剧烈，传统的巷道支护形式不能适应深井巷道 围岩的变形变形规律和控制要求等，给矿井安全生产带来了严重的安全隐患。因此，深 部开采巷道支护的难题需要急需解决，寻求科学、合理的适应深井高应力软岩巷道围岩 稳定性控制及支护技术已成为当务之急。 前人已经对深井开采技术进行了大量的研究和探索， 但巷道围岩的控制侧重点不同， 主要侧重于巷道支护理论