基于水化学溶液的含黏土矿物泥岩吸水过程实验研究.pdf

硕士学位论文 基于水化学溶液的含黏土矿物 泥岩吸水过程实验研究 Experimental Study on the Water-Absorbing Process of Mudstone Containing Clay Minerals based on Water Chemical Solution 作 者崔光俊 导 师李桂臣 教授 中国矿业大学 二○一八年五月 国家重点研发计划专项资助国家重点研发计划专项资助2016YFC0600901 国家自然科学基金面上项目资助国家自然科学基金面上项目资助51574224 江苏省自然科学基金面上研究项目资助江苏省自然科学基金面上研究项目资助BK20141130 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 中图分类号 TD-05 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 基于水化学溶液的含黏土矿物 泥岩吸水过程实验研究 Experimental Study on the Water-Absorbing Process of Mudstone Containing Clay Minerals based on Water Chemical Solution 作 者 崔光俊 导 师 李桂臣 教授 申请学位 工学硕士学位 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 岩体力学与岩层控制 答辩委员会主席 高明仕 评 阅 人 二○一八年五月 万方数据 致谢致谢 首先，诚挚得感谢我的导师李桂臣教授，李老师严谨的治学态度，深厚的学 术造诣，务实的工作作风，质朴谦和的师德风范都深深影响了我的学习、生活、 为人处世，并将成为我一生的财富。承蒙李老师的亲切关怀和精心指导，在繁忙 工作之余仍抽出时间给予我学术上及人生道路选择上的指导和帮助。 鉴于李老师 对我的严格要求，引导我不断开拓思路，在实验遇到困难的时候为我指点迷津； 在我遇到不懂的问题的时候为我耐心解答；在我遇到挫折的时候对我热忱鼓励， 让我重拾信心。与他的讨论指点了我正确的研究方向，使我得到许多宝贵的学术 思想，将我引入采矿工程的研究领域。 感谢课题组各位老师对我的教导和鼓励，承蒙你们的照顾。感谢张农教授、 郑西贵教授、许兴亮副教授、阚甲广副教授、赵一鸣副教授、韩昌良、钱德雨、 冯晓巍等老师的帮助和指导，这些老师的谆谆教诲使我得以不断充实提高自己。 感谢实验室各位老师在试件加工、实验过程中的帮助和支持。 三年在矿大求学的日子里，感谢众位师兄弟的共同砥砺，你们的陪伴让研究 生活变得绚丽多彩。感谢孙元田博士、潘东江博士、郭玉博士、高凯博士等对我 论文和实验给予的极大帮助。感谢杨力、侯保全、马盟、曹启正、胡红磊等同学 给予我学术研究的宝贵经验，在我迷惘时为我解惑。感谢师弟孙长伦、杜乐乐、 郝文军、吕金帅、刘哲、贾斌义、何锦涛、董玉玺、张苏辉对我论文实验材料及 过程方面的帮助。 谨以此文献给我的父母，正是他们辛勤养育，不断的支持与鼓励，我才能不 断进步，顺利完成学业。感谢女朋友王娜一直支持我、帮助我，寒冷的冬天能每 天坚持 14 小时帮我做实验、分析数据。 最后，感谢所有关心和帮助过我的人。 崔光俊 2018.5 于徐州 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 煤炭开采的主要环境是多种泥质岩层赋存的沉积岩层。 高矿化度矿井水对含 黏土矿物泥质巷道的侵蚀常常诱发支护结构破坏，严重影响矿井支护安全， 正确 预测泥岩吸水动态过程是解决泥质巷道围岩安全控制的根本保障。论文通过 XRD 测试、吸水实验、正交实验、模型构建、理论分析等研究了典型泥岩吸水 规律、 吸水模型及阶段性特征和黏土矿物、 溶液性质的作用， 得出主要结论如下 （1） 通过特殊试样制备、 XRD 分析、 吸水实验研究了典型泥岩的吸水过程。 典型泥岩吸水符合负指数函数，黏土矿物类型、含量、岩样尺寸、自然含水率、 孔隙率、溶液性质是影响泥岩吸水量、含水率及吸水速率衰减速度的关键因素。 （2）通过正交实验构建了泥岩吸水量模型和吸水速率模型，并对吸水曲线 进行阶段性划分。泥岩吸水量模型为 312 0123 t kt kt k QQAeA eAe  ，根据模型 参数k（衰减系数） ，将曲线分为 4 个阶段瞬时吸水段、极速吸水段、快速吸 水段、慢速吸水段；泥岩吸水速率模型为 2 2 0 24 c vvMwttw    ， 曲线根据趋势分为 4 个阶段突增段、突降段、缓冲段、稳定段。 （3）通过直观分析法分析了 7 个因素各 3 个水平对泥岩吸水过程的影响程 度， 得出影响最大的水平组合。各因素对泥岩吸水量全过程曲线的影响程度由大 到小依次为 pH 值、黏土类型、压实度、黏土含量、阳离子、溶液浓度和阴离子， 水平组合为伊利石、 含量 70、 压实度为 5MPa、 阳离子为 Na、 阴离子为 CO32-、 溶液浓度为饱和溶液、pH 值为 7 时对泥岩吸水量影响最大。各因素对泥岩吸水 速率全过程曲线的影响程度由大到小依次为 pH 值、黏土含量、黏土类型、阴离 子、 压实度、 溶液浓度和阳离子， 水平组合为伊利石、 含量 30、 压实度为 15MPa、 阳离子为 K、阴离子为 Cl-、溶液浓度为 0.1mol/L、pH 值为 7 时对泥岩吸水速 率影响最大。 （4）通过实验过程中试件波速、高度和直径，溶液 pH 值及温度，环境温 度和湿度 7 个基本参数的实时监测，揭示了泥岩阶段性吸水过程机理。 基本参数 曲线的波动范围及走势是泥岩吸水动态变化特征的关键信息，是孔隙率变化、颗 粒排列、黏土矿物膨胀、物理化学反应和实验环境的分析基础。 该论文有图 32 幅，表 20 个，参考文献 96 篇。 关键词关键词煤矿开采；泥岩；黏土矿物；水化学溶液；吸水量；吸水速率 万方数据 II Abstract The main environment of coal mining is the sedimentary stratum of many kinds of shale ations. Containing clay minerals argillaceous roadway erosion with highly mineralized mine water leads to the destruction of the supporting structure, and seriously affecting the safety of the mine supporting. So predicting mudstone water absorption dynamic process is fundamental guarantee of safety control of roadway surrounding rock. The typical mudstone water absorption, water absorption model and the gradual characteristic and the effect of clay minerals content, the nature of the solution were studied by XRD test, water absorption experiment, orthogonal experiment and construction of the model and theory analysis. Main conclusions are as follows 1 The water absorption process of typical mudstone was studied by special sample preparation, XRD analysis and water absorption experiment. Typical mudstone water accords with negative exponential function. Clay minerals type, content, sample size, the natural moisture content, porosity and solution properties are the key factors affecting mudstone water absorbing capacity, moisture content and water absorption rate. 2 The water absorption model and water absorption rate model were constructed by orthogonal experiment, and the water absorption curve is divided into stages. The mudstone water absorbing capacity model is 312 0123 t kt kt k QQAeA eAe  . According to the model parameters attenuation coefficient, the curve is divided into four stages instantaneous water absorption segment, ultra-fast absorption segment, rapid water absorption segment, and slow water absorption section. the mudstone water absorbing rate model is  2 2 0 24 c vvMwttw    , and divided into four stages according to the trend the process of sudden increase, the sudden drop, the buffer segment and the stable segment. 3 Through the intuitive analysis, the influence of seven factors and three levels on the water absorption process of the mudstone was analyzed, and the most influential horizontal combination was obtained. Various factors the influence degree of the whole process of mudstone water quantity curve is pH value, clay type, degree of compaction, clay content, cationic, solution concentration and the anion, and the horizontal combination of illite, content of 70, degree of compaction of 5 MPa, 万方数据 III cationic for Na, anionic for CO32-, solution concentration of saturated solution, pH value of 7 has biggest influence on mudstone water quantity. Various factors the influence degree of the whole process of mudstone bibulous rate curve is pH value, clay content and clay types, anionic, degree of compaction, solution concentration and the cation, and the horizontal combination of illite, content of 30, degree of compaction of 15 MPa, cationic for K, anionic for Cl-, solution concentration of 0.1 mol/L, the pH value of 7 has biggest influence on the rate of mudstone water absorption. 4 Through the real-time monitoring of the sample wave velocity, height and diameter, the pH value and temperature of the solution, the environmental temperature and humidity, the mechanism of the water absorption process of mudstone was revealed. Basic parameter of the curve range and direction ination are the keys to the dynamic variation character of mudstone water absorption, are the foundations of analysis of porosity change, particle arrangement, clay minerals content, physical and chemical reaction. The paper has 32 pictures, 20 tables and 96 references. Keywords Coal mining; Mudstone; Clay minerals; Water chemical solution; Water absorbing capacity; Water absorbing rate 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ........................................................................................................................... I 目目 录录 ........................................................................................................................ IV 图清单图清单 ..................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单 .......................................................................................................................... X 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................... XII 1 绪论绪论 ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景及意义..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状..................................................................................................... 2 1.3 存在问题................................................................................................................. 8 1.4 研究内容及技术路线............................................................................................. 8 2 典型泥岩吸水特征及影响因素典型泥岩吸水特征及影响因素分析分析 ..................................................................... 10 2.1 试样制备及性质................................................................................................... 10 2.2 实验过程及结果................................................................................................... 13 2.3 泥岩吸水因素分析............................................................................................... 18 2.4 小结....................................................................................................................... 23 3 泥岩吸水模型及吸水曲线特征泥岩吸水模型及吸水曲线特征 ............................................................................. 24 3.1 实验方案及实验过程........................................................................................... 24 3.2 泥岩吸水量阶段性特征....................................................................................... 30 3.3 泥岩吸水速率衰减规律....................................................................................... 34 3.4 吸水过程基本参数变化....................................................................................... 39 3.5 小结....................................................................................................................... 42 4 泥岩吸水泥岩吸水过程过程的影响的影响因素分析因素分析 ............................................................................. 44 4.1 吸水量分析........................................................................................................... 44 4.2 吸水速率分析....................................................................................................... 56 4.3 基本参数分析....................................................................................................... 67 4.4 小结....................................................................................................................... 71 5 结论与展望结论与展望 ............................................................................................................. 73 万方数据 V 5.1 结论....................................................................................................................... 73 5.2 展望....................................................................................................................... 74 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 75 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 81 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 82 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 83 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II Contents ..................................................................................................................... VI List of Figures ......................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables ................................................................................................................ X List of Variables........................................................................................................ XII 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Background and Significance ................................................................... 1 1.2 Research Actuality ................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Existing Problems .................................................................................................... 8 1.4 Research Contents and Technical Route .................................................................. 8 2 Analysis of Water Absorption Characteristics and influencing factors of Typical Mudstone .................................................................................................................... 10 2.1 Sample Preparation and its Properties ................................................................... 10 2.2 Experimentations and Results ................................................................................ 13 2.3 Analysis of the Influence Factors of Mudstone Water Absorption ........................ 18 2.4 Summary ................................................................................................................ 23 3 Mudstone Water Absorption Model and Water Absorption Curve Characteristics............................................................................................................ 24 3.1 Experimental Schemes and Procedures ................................................................. 24 3.2 Phase Characteristics of Mudstone Water Absorption ........................................... 30 3.3 Law of Water Absorption Rate Attenuation ........................................................... 34 3.4 Changes of basic parameters of the water absorption process ............................... 39 3.5 Summary ................................................................................................................ 42 4 Analysis of the influence factors of mudstone absorbing process ....................... 44 4.1 Analysis of Mudstone Water Absorption Capacity ................................................ 44 4.2 Analysis of Mudstone Water Absorption Rate ....................................................... 56 4.3 Basic parameters analysis ...................................................................................... 67 4.4 Summary ................................................................................................................ 71 万方数据 VII 5 Conclusions and Prospects ..................................................................................... 73 5.1 Conclusions ............................................................................................................ 73 5.2 Prospects ................................................................................................................ 74 References ................................................................................................................... 75 Author Resume ........................................................................................................... 81 Declaration of Thesis Originality ............................................................................. 82 Thesis Data Collection ............................................................................................... 83 万方数据 VIII 图清单图清单 图序号 图名称 页码 图 1-1 世界煤炭资源量 1 Figure 1-1 World coal resources 1 图 1-2 2002-2014 年特别重大煤矿事故 1 Figure 1-2 Special major coal mine accident