基于动压巷道底板应力演化的巷道底鼓机理及控制技术研究.pdf

硕士学位论文 基于动压巷道底板应力演化的巷道底鼓机 理及控制技术研究 Research on Roadway Floor Heave Mechanism and Control Technology Based on Stress Evolution of Dynamic Pressure Roadway Floor 作 者程征 导 师缪协兴 教授 中国矿业大学 二 O 一八年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰写的 学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一，学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位论文 的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电子版，可 以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和科研目的，学 校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书馆等场所或在校园 网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国国家图书馆保存研究生 学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 中图分类号 TD353 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 基于动压巷道底板应力演化的巷道底鼓机 理及控制技术研究 Research on Roadway Floor Heave Mechanism and Control Technology Based on Stress Evolution of Dynamic Pressure Roadway Floor 作 者 程 征 导 师 缪协兴 教授 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 岩体力学及岩层控制 答辩委员会主席 万志军 评 阅 人 盲 审 二○一八年五月 万方数据 致谢致谢 三年的研究生生活就要结束了，首先感谢导师缪协兴教授三年来对我的关心和教 导，让我受益匪浅。同时特别感谢柏建彪教授对我毕业论文的指导和关怀，给予我一 个很好的学术平台，让我感受到了课题组的温暖。然后非常感谢茅献彪教授和王襄禹 教授。茅老师是位力学研究资深的老教授，他不仅有着严谨的科学研究态度、兢兢业 业的敬业精神、扎实的理论研究基础和极高的学术造诣，而且和蔼可亲。王老师是位 采矿学术成就很高的教授，对采矿的所有问题总是一针见血，独具创新，对我的细心 教导让我终身难忘。茅老师和王老师对我要求严格，总是不厌其烦的讲解，让我的学 习能力提高不少，除此之外，还要感谢课题组的闫帅老师、徐营老师和陈勇老师，在 诸位老师的关怀和帮助下，使我顺利的完成了毕业论文。师恩如海，衔草难报。在 此，向你们表示崇高的敬意和衷心的感谢。 感谢与我一起生活学习的课题组吴文达博士、宋远霸、槽其嘉、李国栋和王朋等 硕士在这三年的研究生学习中年对我的支持和帮助。同时，感谢我的家人在我求学期 间对我各方面的理解、支持和关怀，谢谢你们。 最后，感谢各位专家在百忙之中抽出时间对我的论文进行评审并提出宝贵的意见 与建议。论文中诸多不足之处望各位专家和老师给予批评指正，谢谢。 2018 年 5 月 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 动压巷道底鼓机理尚未完全搞清。本文以景福矿为工程背景，首先采用数值模拟 分析了不同动压阶段巷道底板的应力和变形破坏的演化规律，揭示了巷道底鼓机理， 同时根据巷道围岩变形大小确定了合理的煤柱宽度。然后采用理论分析的方法，建立 了侧向支承压力作用下不同宽度区段煤柱底板的受力模型，分析了煤柱宽度、垂直应 力集中系数、推力角度（区段煤柱中的非垂直力与垂直方向的夹角） 、底鼓卸压区宽度 和底鼓骤增区宽度等因素与底板应力应变的关系。随后根据对底鼓机理的研究，设计 出不同的底鼓控制方案，采用数值模拟研究了不同方案巷道围岩的应力、变形和破坏 规律，并确定了合理的支护方案。最后根据现场实测，验证了新支护方案对巷道围岩 变形的控制效果，并总结了景福矿动压巷道的底鼓因素，取得的主要成果如下 （1）开采稳定后的巷道围岩应力均不能反映巷道底鼓趋势，但巷道底角水平位移 和巷道底鼓随煤柱宽度的变化几乎完全一致，因此可以认为巷道两帮底板水平位移是 巷道底鼓的缩影。 （2）动压巷道每个时期产生底鼓的原因不尽相同，但底鼓的原因都是由于巷道两 帮受到了垂直应力或推力。垂直应力和推力都通过两个方面来导致巷道底鼓①垂直 应力直接在底板产生次生水平应力，推力则直接向底板提供水平方向的分力；②垂直 应力和推力通过影响巷道巷道两帮变形间接影响巷道底鼓，两帮变形越大，巷道越容 易底鼓。 （3）巷道底鼓主要发生在相邻工作面回采稳定时期，这是由于关键块 B 回转失稳 导致区段煤柱中产生了较大的推力，推力可以大幅提高巷道底板的应力与变形，而且 推力角度越大，巷道底板应力越大。由于推力具有一定范围，故可以将煤柱底板分为 底鼓卸压区、底鼓骤增区和底鼓减小区，其中底鼓骤增区为推力所在区。底鼓卸压区 和底鼓骤增区宽度对巷道底板应力的影响均通过改变推力的宽度或推力到巷道的距离 来实现，宽度越大，距离越小，影响程度越大。 （4）煤柱中的推力阻断巷道具有显著减小巷道底鼓的作用，巷道底鼓量随着推力 阻断巷到 15202 进风巷距离的增加而线性增大；巷道底鼓量随着卸压槽深度的增加线 性减小，而且卸压槽具有将巷道底板应力转移到巷道围岩深处的作用，槽越深，转移 效果越好，但卸压槽对巷道帮顶变形影响不大；反底拱底板锚杆支护大大减小了巷道 围岩的变形量，是最佳的巷道底鼓控制方案。 （5）景福矿 15202 工作面进风巷底鼓主要是由于存在强烈的采动应力、底板较厚 的泥岩和较差的支护，该矿合理的煤柱宽度为 25m。 该论文有图 102 幅，表 11 个，参考文献 86 篇。 关键词关键词底鼓机理；底板水平位移；推力；动压巷道；区段煤柱宽度；底板应力演化 万方数据 II Abstract The mechanism of floor heave of dynamic pressure roadway has not been completely understanded. This paper, whose project background is Jingfu mine,firstly analyses floor stress, deation and evolution law of destruction in different dynamic pressure stages of different coal pillar width with the numerical simulation.The mechanism of floor heave is revealed.At the same time determine the reasonable width of coal pillar according to the deation of surrounding rock.Then,a theoretical analysis is applied to establish the stress model of floor of different coal pillar widths, and the relationship between the width of the pillar, the two side vertical stress of the roadway, the thrust anglethe angle of non vertical force in the section coal pillar acting on the floor between the vertical force, the width of the bottom relief zone and the width of the sudden increase of floor heave and the stress and strain of the floor are analyzed. According to the research on the mechanism of floor heave, different schemes of control floor heave are designed,in which the stress, deation and failure laws of roadway surrounding rock are studied by numerical simulation, and a reasonable supporting scheme is determined. Finally, verify the control effect of the new support scheme on the deation of the surrounding rock according to the field test,, and summarize the factors of floor heave of Jingfu dynamic pressure roadway,the main achievements are as follows 1The stress law of surrounding rock lof roadway can not reflect the trend of roadway floor heave after mining stably, but the horizontal displacement of floor and floor heave of roadway varying with the width of coal pillar is almost identical, so that roadway floor horizontal displacement of the two sides is a microcosm of the floor heave. 2There are different reasons for the floor heave in each period of dynamic pressure roadway.But the cause of the floor heave is that the two sides are subjected to vertical stress or thrust. They lead to heave through two aspects ①Vertical stress directly produces secondary stress on the floor.The horizontal force of thrust is applied to the floor of the roadway;②the vertical stress and thrust through influence the two sides of roadway to indirectly effect floor heave deation. And the greater the deation of the two side the more easy to heave. 3The floor heave of roadway mainly occurs in the stable mining stage of adjacent working face. This is due to the instability of the key block B, resulting in a larger thrust in the section column, which can greatly improve the stress and deation of roadway floor. The greater the thrust angle, the greater the stress of the roadway floor.And the thrust has a certain range. Therefore, the floor of coal pillar can be divided into the floor heave pressure 万方数据 III relief area, the floor heave surge area and the floor heave reduction subdistrict.The sudden increase area of the floor heave is the location of the thrust. The influence of the width of the floor pressure relief area and the width of the sudden expansion area on the floor stress of the roadway is achieved by changing the width of the thrust or the distance from the roadway to the thrust. The larger the width or the smaller the distance is, the greater the degree of influence is. 4Thrust block tunnel in the coal pillar have the function of reducing the floor heave.With the distance from thrust block tunnel to the 15202 roadway raising,floor heave of roadway increases linearly; The heave increases with depth of pressure reliefing groove decreases linearly, And the pressure relief slot has the function of transferring the stress of the roadway floor to the depth of the roadway surrounding rock. The deeper the trough, the transfer effect is better, but the pressure relief groove on the roadway deation has little effect on sides and roof; inverted arch floor bolt greatly reduces the deation of surrounding rock, which is the best heave control scheme. 5Floor heave of Jingfu 15202 roadway is mainly due to the presence of strong mining stress, thick mudstone in floor and poor support. The reasonable width of the coal pillar is 25m. This paper contains 102 Figures, 11 tables and 86 references. Keywordsmechanism of floor heave; horizontal displacement of floor; thrust; dynamic pressure roadway; section coal pillar width; Stress evolution of floor 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ....................................................................................................................................... I 目目 录录 ...................................................................................................................................... IV 图清单图清单 ................................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单 ................................................................................................................................... XIV 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................................ XV 1 绪论绪论 ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 课题研究背景及意义 ...................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ............................................................................................................. 2 1.3 主要研究内容、方法与技术路线 .................................................................................. 6 2 底板应力场演化特征与巷道底鼓之间的关系底板应力场演化特征与巷道底鼓之间的关系 ..................................................................... 8 2.1 模型建立 .......................................................................................................................... 8 2.2 实体煤双巷掘进期间巷道底板应力及变形特征 .......................................................... 9 2.3 相邻工作面回采超前支承压力作用期巷道底板应力及变形特征 ............................ 18 2.4 相邻工作面回采稳定期巷道底板应力及变形特征 .................................................... 28 2.5 本工作面回采期巷道底板应力及变形特征 ................................................................ 38 2.6 区段煤柱宽度优化 ........................................................................................................ 46 2.7 本章小结 ........................................................................................................................ 49 3 相邻工作面覆岩回转失稳对底板应力场的影响相邻工作面覆岩回转失稳对底板应力场的影响 ............................................................... 51 3.1 底鼓力学模型建立 ........................................................................................................ 51 3.2 底板应力场计算 ............................................................................................................ 52 3.3 计算结果与分析 ............................................................................................................ 59 3.4 本章小结 ........................................................................................................................ 68 4 巷道底鼓控制技术研究巷道底鼓控制技术研究 ....................................................................................................... 69 4.1 底鼓控制方案设计 ........................................................................................................ 69 4.2 开掘推力阻断巷道 ........................................................................................................ 71 4.3 开槽卸压底板锚杆 ...................................................................................................... 76 4.4 反底拱底板锚杆 .......................................................................................................... 81 4.5 巷道支护方案确定 ........................................................................................................ 83 4.6 本章小结 ........................................................................................................................ 84 5 工业试验工业试验 .............................................................................................................................. 85 万方数据 V 5.1 工程概况 ........................................................................................................................ 85 5.2 地质概况 ........................................................................................................................ 86 5.3 巷道围岩破坏特征及支护方案设计 ............................................................................ 88 5.4 矿压监测分析 ................................................................................................................ 90 5.6 本章小结 ........................................................................................................................ 94 6 主要结论主要结论 .............................................................................................................................. 96 参考文献参考文献 .................................................................................................................................. 98 作者简历作者简历 ................................................................................................................................ 103 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 .................................................................................................................... 105 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract .................................................................................................................................... II Contents ................................................................................................................................... IV List of Figures ...................................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables ........................................................................................................................ XIV List of Variables .................................................................................................................... XV 1 Introdution ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background and Significance of the Subject.................................................................... 1 1.2 Research Status at Home and Abroad .............................................................................. 2 1.3 Main Contents and Technical Route of the Research ....................................................... 6 2 The Relationship between the Evolution Characteristics of the Stress Field of the Floor and the Floor Heave of the Roadway...................................................................................... 8 2.1 Model Establishment ........................................................................................................ 8 2.2 The Period of Double Roadway Driving for Solid Coal Stress and Deation Characteristics of Roadway Floor .......................................................................................... 9 2.3 Extraction of Adjacent Working Face Stress and Deation Characteristics of Roadway Floor ..................................................................................................................... 18 2.4 Extraction Stabilization Period of Adjacent Working Face Stress and Deation Characteristics of Roadway Floor ........................................................................................ 28 2.5 Extraction Period of the Working Face Stress and Deation Characteristics of Roadway Floor ..................................................................................................................... 38 2.6 Optimization of Coal Pillar Width in Section................................................................. 46 2.7 Chapter Summary ........................................................................................................... 49 3 Influence of the Rotation Instability of Overlying Rock on the Stress Field of the Floor in the Adjacent Working Face ......................