复杂条件超大断面巷道底鼓机理及控制研究.pdf
硕士学位论文 复杂条件超大断面巷道底鼓 机理及控制研究 Study on the Mechanism and Control of Large Section Roadway Floor Heave in Complicated Conditions 作 者王 坤 导 师马占国 教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一四年五月 万方数据 中图分类号 学校代码 10290 UDC 密 级 公开 国家自然科学基金项目51323004,51074163; 教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(NCET-08-0837); 国家自然科学基金重点项目50834005; 江苏省六大人才高峰‖高层次人才计划; 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金; 江苏省自然科学基金(BK2009092); 深部岩土力学与地下工程国家重点实验室专项基金。 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 复杂条件超大断面巷道底鼓机理及控制研究 Study on the Mechanism and Control of Large Section Roadway Floor Heave in Complicated Conditions 作 者 王坤 导 师 马占国 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 力学与建筑工程学院 学科专业 工程力学 研究方向 采动岩体力学 答辩委员会主席 评 阅 人 二○一四年五月 万方数据 79 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明所呈交的学位论文复杂条件超大断面巷道底鼓机理及控制 研究 ,是本人在导师指导下,在中国矿业大学攻读学位期间进行的研究工作所 取得的成果。据我所知,除文中已经标明引用的内容外,本论文不包含任何其他 个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本文的研究做出贡献的个人和集 体, 均已在文中以明确方式标明。 本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。 学位论文作者签名 年 月 日 万方数据 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一, 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权,即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版,可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文;②为教学和 科研目的,学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外,根据有关法规,同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 (保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书)。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 万方数据 万方数据 论文审阅认定书论文审阅认定书 研究生 王坤 在规定的学习年限内, 按照研究生培养方案的 要求,完成了研究生课程的学习,成绩合格;在我的指导下完成本学 位论文,经审阅,论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同,论 文撰写格式符合学校的相关规定, 同意将本论文作为学位申请论文送 专家评审。 导师签字 年 月 日 万方数据 万方数据 致谢致谢 本文是在导师马占国教授的精心指导下完成的,从论文的选题、理论分析、 数值模拟、物理试验、现场观测到论文的写作、修改直至最后成文,每一个环节 都倾注了导师大量的时间和心血。三年来,导师始终关注着作者的学习和生活, 并给予了无微不至的关怀。导师活跃的学术思想、进取的敬业精神、忘我的工作 态度给学生留下了极其深刻的印象,也将对作者今后的学习和工作产生深远影 响。值此论文完成之际,向导师致以崇高的敬意和衷心的感谢。 在论文研究及撰写过程中,得到了研究所赵玉成教授、陈占清教授、王连国 教授的悉心指导和帮助,在此表示衷心的感谢。在物理模拟实验过程中,得到了 实验室赵鹏老师、李玉寿老师、李之坚老师的悉心指导,在论文完成过程中,中 国矿业大学龚鹏博士、赵国贞博士、黄志敏博士、蒋众喜硕士、刘飞硕士、张彦 坤硕士、连永权硕士给予了许多帮助,在此一并表示感谢。 感谢我的家人,是他们多年来始终如一的理解、关怀与鼓励才使作者顺利地 完成学业。 感谢所有帮助和关心我的人。 感谢论文所引用文献的作者。 最后,向在百忙之中对本论文审阅的各位专家和学者致以诚挚的谢意 王坤 2014 年 5 月 万方数据 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 复杂条件超大断面巷道底鼓控制是煤矿实施大采高技术亟待解决的难题之 一。本论文以山西王庄煤矿540 水平电机车辅助运输大巷为工程背景,综合运 用现场观测、理论分析、物理实验、数值计算等手段,系统研究复杂条件超大断 面巷道变形规律和应力分布特征,揭示其变形破坏机理,并在此基础上提出了复 杂条件超大断面巷道围岩底鼓控制技术。研究取得了如下成果 (1) 开展了煤 (岩) 样的单、 三轴压缩和巴西劈裂试验, 得到了相关煤 (岩) 样的物理力学参数及其破坏特征。试验结果表明 岩石试样在单轴压缩条件下表 现为脆性张裂破坏;试件破坏后,还具有一定的承载能力,强度减弱;随围压的 增大,岩石的最大承载能力增大。 (2)建立了底板岩层破坏力学模型,并给出了巷道底板失稳破坏的临界轴 向应力和挠度的求解公式及临界解析解, 总结了底板锚杆和卸压槽防治巷道底鼓 机理。 (3)建立了复杂条件超大断面巷道的数值计算模型,研究巷道埋深、底板 岩性和侧压系数对巷道稳定性的影响。研究表明巷道埋深越大,巷道底板围岩 塑性区范围越大、破坏越严重;水平应力对巷道顶底板变形影响较大,随侧压系 数增大,巷道顶底板变形显著增大;底板围岩性质对巷道稳定影响尤为突出,岩 性越弱,变形越严重、破坏深度越大,巷道基本都是从薄弱部分开始破坏。 (4)建立了复杂条件超大断面巷道的数值计算模型,研究分别实施加固、 卸压和联合支护等情况下巷道围岩的稳定性。研究表明加固法可以控制巷道底 鼓, 巷道底板强度越高, 底鼓控制效果越好; 随着卸压槽深度增加, 底鼓量减小, 底板水平应力峰值向底板深处转移,巷帮垂直应力峰值向巷道深处转移,巷道破 坏深度增大,破坏区域增加;联合支护法可以有效控制巷道底鼓,水平应力峰值 降低,应力集中区域减小;垂直应力峰值下降,破坏区域缩小;卸压槽变形量变 小。 (5) 提出了以锚网喷为基本支护框架, 配合卸压槽底板注浆锚索联合支护 的复杂条件超大断面巷道底鼓控制技术,成功进行了现场工业性实践, 变形控制 效果显著。 本论文有图 65 幅,表 9 个,参考文献 87 篇 关键词关键词复杂条件;超大断面;底鼓;机理;控制。 万方数据 万方数据 III AbstractAbstract Large section roadway floor heave control in complicated conditions is one of the problems needed to be solved when coal mines carry out the large mining height technology. Taking the 540 aclinic electric locomotive auxiliary transportation main entry of coal mine in Wangzhuang, Shanxi province for the background, comprehensive s application of field observation, theoretical analysis, physics experiment,numerical calculation contributes to the deation law and distribution characteristics of large section roadway in complicated conditions under multiple influencing factors as well as its deation and failure mechanism.Based on this,the paper puts forward the control technology. The study gets the following acheivements. 1.Gaining the coal rock samples’ physical and mechanical parameters and its compressive failure characteristics through uniaxial compression, triaxial compression and brazilian split test of coal rock samples. The result shows that,coal rock samples present brittle tension failure under the circumstances of uniaxial compression, rocks turn into shear failure; when samples are broken, the sample still has carrying capacity after destruction which is lower; along with the increasing of Ambient Pressure,the maximum bearing capacity and the retained intensity will accordingly enhance. 2. Floor rock damage mechanics model is established, the calculating ula of critical axial stress, deflection and the critical analytical solution for the damage of roadway floor mode are put forward. Floor heave controlling mechanism of floor anchor and relieving groove is raised. 3. Calculation model of floor heave of large cross section roadway in complicated conditions is conducted. The greater burial depth of roadway, the floor plastic zone is larger, the roadway deation is more serious.horizontal stress has a greater influence on roadway roof and floor deation.With the increase of lateral pressure coefficient, the deation of roof and floor increase significantly; rock mass properties of floor has an especially impact on the stability of roadway. As Rock strength weakening, the deation becomes more serious and depth of damage becomes larger. Damage of roadway always starts at the weak point. 4. Numerical model of floor heave of large cross section roadway in complicated conditions is conducted. Situations such as strengthening, pressure relief and joint 万方数据 IV support are considered to study the the stability of surrounding rock of roadway. The results show that reinforcement can control the floor heave of roadway, as floor strength becomes higher, the controlling effect of floor heave becomes better.Floor heave decreases as depth of pressure relief groove increases, peak of floor heave horizontal stress moves to deeper position and peak of roadway sides vertical stress moves to further position of the roadway, the damage depth becomes deeper and the area becomes larger. joint support can effectively control the floor heave of roadway, the peak of horizontal stress decreases, the stress concentration area reduces; the peak of vertical stress declines and damage area becomes smaller; deation of pressure relief groove diminishes. 5. A joint support is put forward to control floor heave of large section roadway in complicated conditions. Using bolt mesh spray as the basic supporting framework, with the help of pressure relief groove and floor grouting anchor cable, the deation is well controlled, the industrial practice is very successful. The paper has 65 pictures,9 charts and 87 references. Key words complicated conditions; large section; floor heave; mechanism; control 万方数据 V 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ........................................................................................................................... I 目目 录录 .......................................................................................................................... V 图清单图清单 ........................................................................................................................ IX 表清单表清单 ..................................................................................................................... XIII 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................... XV 1 绪论绪论 ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景与意义..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究概况..................................................................................................... 1 1.3 研究内容与研究路线............................................................................................. 4 2 巷道围岩物理力学特性试验研究巷道围岩物理力学特性试验研究 ........................................................................... 6 2.1 试验设计................................................................................................................. 6 2.2 单轴压缩试验......................................................................................................... 7 2.3 三轴压缩试验....................................................................................................... 11 2.4 巴西劈裂试验....................................................................................................... 12 2.5 本章小结............................................................................................................... 14 3 巷道底鼓及控制技术理论研究巷道底鼓及控制技术理论研究 .............................................................................. 15 3.1 底板弹性梁模型分析............................................................................................ 15 3.2 巷道底板稳定性影响因素.................................................................................... 17 3.3 底板锚杆支护理论................................................................................................ 17 3.4 卸压槽控制底鼓理论研究.................................................................................... 20 3.5 本章小结................................................................................................................ 21 4 复杂条件超大断面巷道底鼓机理研究复杂条件超大断面巷道底鼓机理研究 ................................................................. 22 4.1 工程地质条件....................................................................................................... 22 4.2 计算模型和方案................................................................................................... 22 4.3 巷道埋深影响分析............................................................................................... 25 4.4 巷道底板围岩性质影响分析............................................................................... 32 4.5 巷道围岩水平应力影响分析............................................................................... 39 4.6 本章小结............................................................................................................... 48 万方数据 VI 5 复杂条件超大断面巷道底鼓控制复杂条件超大断面巷道底鼓控制机理机理研究研究 ......................................................... 49 5.1 底板锚杆控制底鼓机理........................................................................................ 50 5.2 卸压法控制底鼓机理............................................................................................ 56 5.3 联合支护法控制底鼓机理.................................................................................... 63 5.4 本章小结................................................................................................................ 65 6 复杂条件超大断面巷道底鼓复杂条件超大断面巷道底鼓控制技术控制技术实践实践 ......................................................... 66 6.1 试验区地质条件................................................................................................... 66 6.2 巷道底鼓控制方案............................................................................................... 66 6.3 效果观测分析....................................................................................................... 68 6.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 69 7 结论结论 ......................................................................................................................... 70 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 71 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 77 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 79 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 80 万方数据 VII Content Abstract ...................................................................................................................... III Content ...................................................................................................................... VII List of Figures ............................................................................................................ IX List of Tables ........................................................................................................... XIII List of Variables........................................................................................................ XV 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background and Significance .................................................................................. 1 1.2 Research Status Both at Home and Abroad ............................................................. 1 1.3 Research Content and Courses................................................................................. 4 2 Physical and Mechanical Characteristic of Surrounding Rock ........................... 6 2.1Test Design ................................................................................................................ 6 2.2 Uniaxial Compression Test ...................................................................................... 7 2.3 Triaxial Compression Test ..................................................................................... 11 2.4 Brazilian Test ......................................................................................................... 12 2.5 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 14 3 Study on the Mechanism and Control of Floor Heave ....................................... 15 3.1 Analysis Model of Bottom Elastic Beam ............................................................... 15 3.2 Stability Factors of Roadway Floor ....................................................................... 17 3.3 Floor Anchor Supporting Theory ........................................................................... 17 3.4 The Floor Heave Control Technology of Pressure-Relieving ................................ 19 3.5 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 21 4 Study on the Mechanism of Large Section Floor Heave in Complicated Conditions ................................................................................................................... 22 4.1 Engineering Geological Condition ........................................................................ 22 4.2 Calculation Model and Scheme ............................................................................. 22 4.3 Effect of Depth of Roadway ..........