段王矿15号煤坚硬直接顶沿空掘巷围岩稳定性分析及其控制技术.pdf

硕士学位论文 段王矿 15 号煤坚硬直接顶沿空掘巷围岩 稳定性分析及其控制技术 Stability Analysis and Control Technology of Roadway Driving Along Goaf with Hard Immediate Roof in 15 Coal Mine of Duan Wang Mine 作 者毛世杰 导 师郑西贵 教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一八年五月 国家自然科学基金面上项目资助（51574226） 江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目（PAPD） 江苏省“青蓝工程” （2014） 中国矿业大学学科前沿科学研究专项（2017XKQY047） 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书。 作者签名导师签名 年 月 日年 月 日 中图分类号TD353 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 段王矿 15 号煤坚硬直接顶沿空掘巷围岩 稳定性分析及其控制技术 Stability Analysis and Control Technology of Roadway Driving Along Goaf with Hard Immediate Roof in 15 Coal Mine of Duan Wang Mine 作 者 毛世杰 导 师 郑西贵 教授 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 岩体力学与岩层控制 答辩委员会主席 曹胜根 评 阅 人 盲审 二〇一八年五月 致致 谢谢 岁月如梭，我的研究生生涯即将圆满结束，矿大的七年时光一晃而过，漫长 而又短暂，在此期间，母校众位老师的不倦教诲，让我收获和成长，在此毕业之 际，心中激动而又不舍，万千感恩，难以言说，在此谨以此致谢表达心中的感激 之情。 在此，首先我要特别向导师郑西贵老师表示衷心的感谢。本论文在郑老师的 启发和耐心的指导下得以顺利完成，硕士三年，在导师的带领与指导下，参与了 大量的科研项目，在此期间郑老师牢固精深的专业功底，一丝不苟的求是精神， 温文尔雅的为人处事，关键时刻的果敢坚定，深深感染影响着我，让我迅速成长 起来。生活中，郑老师总是给予我十分的支持，让我免去了后顾之忧，应聘时， 郑老师更是在繁忙的工作之余，多次和我进行面试练习，帮助我排解压力，掌握 面试技巧，从而使我顺利通过面试，找到满意的工作，研学期间能遇郑老师实为 我之幸事。 感谢课题组张农老师、 李桂臣老师、 许兴亮老师、 阚甲广老师、 赵一鸣老师、 韩昌良老师在攻读硕士期间的无私帮助和论文开题指导；感谢郭玉、安铁梁、潘 东江、谢正正等博士在论文构思和数值模拟等方面提出的宝贵建议；感谢路抗、 张霖、付世雄、郜志强、程星、李世傲、苏辉、王文凯、刘灿灿、宋子航、杨可、 伍业伟等硕士对我学术、生活和煤矿出差过程中给予的帮助。 感谢山西段王煤业有限公司、山西友众煤业有限公司、冀中能源邢台矿业集 团及山西古县老母坡煤业有限公司的有关领导和同行， 在贵单位出差期间感谢你 们对课题组科研工作和人员生活保障提供的大力支持。 感谢我的父母，给予我生命，抚育我成人，默默的付出与无私的关爱，让我 接受良好的教育，让我懂得了感恩；感谢我的奶奶，从小到大总是陪在我身边， 给予我呵护，教给我道理，不论成功或是失败，总是给予我支持和鼓励；感谢我 的叔叔、姑姑、姑父，让我体会到生长在一个大家庭中的亲情、温暖与感动。 感谢诸位专家在百忙之中评审本文，由于作者水平有限，论文仍有不足和欠 妥之处，热切希望得到各位老师的指导，祝身体健康、万事如意 毛世杰 2018 年 5 月 I 摘摘 要要 段王矿是山西寿阳段王煤业集团的主力矿井，设计年产量 3.0Mt，现主采 15 号煤。该煤直接顶为 K2 灰岩顶板，厚度 1.10～2.60m，平均 1.4m，煤层厚度为 3.195.02m，平均 4.05m，底板为一层厚度约 5m 的砂质泥岩。存在双巷掘进煤 柱损失大，支护不合理的问题，为进一步减小煤柱损失和优化支护效能，本文以 段王矿 15 号煤为工程背景， 进行回采巷道沿空掘巷的研究攻关， 主要成果如下 （1）对坚硬直接顶沿空掘巷的围岩变形特征进行了描述，并根据顶板破坏 深度和自稳性能，按照坚硬直接顶的厚度进行了支护类别的划分，并对各支护类 别的支护方法进行了叙述，对现场影响锚固支护的关键问题进行阐述，对支护参 数进行了理论计算和确定，通过 150505 回风平巷支护体性能的原位试验，确定 了顶板锚杆扭矩应达到 300N m，最佳锚固长度应为 1.3m；帮部锚杆扭矩应在 200250N m 之间， 最佳锚固长度应为 0.7m； 锚索的最佳长度为 4.3m， 为 150505 运输平巷沿空掘巷工业性试验的支护工作提供了依据，为段王矿 15 号煤巷道的 支护提供了指导和借鉴。 （2）通过对沿空掘巷上覆岩体破断运移规律的研究，建立了以弧形三角块 为核心的围岩大结构模型，并对弧形三角块两种失稳形式的稳定性系数 K1和 K2 进行了推导与计算，最终由 MATLAB 计算得出在段王坚硬直接顶地质条件下， 掘进前，掘进后，与回采时，均不会发生滑落失稳和转动失稳，证明了段王矿 15 号煤沿空掘巷的可行性。 对基本顶的断裂位置进行分析， 得出当煤柱大于 7.6m 时，对留巷顶板稳定较为有利。对段王矿直接顶的弱化需求做出计算分析，得出 当坚硬直接顶厚度超过 3.9m 时，才需要进行顶板弱化处理。 （3）从沿空煤体应力时空分布规律入手，分析了段王矿小尺寸护巷煤柱试 验失败的原因，确定段王矿 15 号煤采空区稳定时间为 133.7167.1d，以此作为 沿空掘巷的参考时间。通过理论计算与现场情况相结合的方式，给出煤柱尺寸的 合理范围为 1020m。通过数值模拟分析发现，采空边缘煤体应力集中峰值处于 距采空区煤壁 6.5m 处。对 10m、12m、14m、16m、18m 的煤柱分别进行模拟发 现， 12m 以下的煤柱，应力分布尖锐无平稳承载段，巷道变形较大，14m、16m、 18m 煤柱均存在稳定的弹性核，有利于其长期稳定，综合考虑生产安全及效益， 确定采用 14m 煤柱。对 14m 煤柱回采期间煤柱及巷道的应力变形情况进行了模 拟验证，发现煤柱体集中应力有所升高，但仍存在稳定的弹性承载核，围岩变形 量有所扩大， 但仍处于正常范围内， 巷道较为稳定， 14m 煤柱沿空掘巷效果良好。 （4） 对 150505 运输巷在设计煤柱尺寸及支护方案下掘巷期间的巷道变形进 行了观测， 巷道掘出 30d 顶底板移近量在 100mm 左右， 两帮移近量在 155mm 左 右，总体变形量较小，掘巷巷道围岩变形控制效果良好。 论文共有图 43 幅，表 2 个，参考文献 90 篇。 关键词关键词沿空掘巷、坚硬直接顶、支护效能、覆岩稳定性、煤柱宽度。 II AbstractAbstract Duanwang mine is the main mine of Shanxi Shouyang Duanwang coal industry group. Its annual output is 3.0Mt, and 15 coal seam’s immediate roof is K2 limestone, with a thickness of 1.10 to 2.60m, average 1.4m. The thickness of coal seam is 3.195.02m, average 4.05m, and the bottom plate is a sandy mudstone with a thickness of 5m. In order to further reduce the loss of coal pillar and optimize the support effectiveness, this paper takes the 15 coal as the project background to study the roadways driving along next goaf, the main achievements are as follows The deation characteristics of roadways driving along next goaf with hard immediate roof are described. According to the failure depth, self stability and the thickness of the immediate roof, this paper divides the support categories, and describes the supporting s of each support category, expounds the key problems affecting the anchorage support in the field, and calculates and determines the support parameters theoretically. Through the 150505 return air roadway support In situ test, it is determined that the roof bolt torque should reach 300N m, the anchorage length should be above 0.9m, the coal bolt torque should be between 200250 N m, and the anchorage length should be above 0.7m; the optimum length of the anchor cable is 4.3m, which provides the basis for the support work of 150505 workface and 15 coal seamroadways.Based on the analysis of the fracture location of the basic roof, it is concluded that when the coal pillar is greater than 7.6m, the roof stability of the retained roadway is more favorable.It is calculated that when the thickness of the direct roof is more than 3.9m, the roof weakening treatment is needed. This paper analyzes the reasons for failure of coal pillar test in duer Wang mine, and confirms that the best time for 15 roadway driving in Duwang mine is 133.7167.1d. Through the combination of theoretical calculation and field conditions, the reasonable range of coal pillar size is determined to be 1020m. Through numerical simulation analysis, it is found that the peak value of coal stress is at 6.5m away from the coal wall. In this paper, five kinds of coal pillars with different width of 10m, 12M, 14m, 16m and 18m have been simulated. The stress distribution of coal pillar below 12m is sharp without smooth bearing section, and the roadway deation is large. The stable elastic core exists in 14m, 16m and 18m pillar, which is beneficial to its long-term stability, considering the safety and benefit of production, III Simulation verifies that 14m coal pillar meets the requirement of recovery Under the design of coal pillar size and support scheme, observing 150505 Transportation roadway deation for 30 days，The total deation of the roof and floor is about 100mm, the total deation of the two sidewall is about 155mm, the total deation is small, and the surrounding rock deation control effect is good. There are 43 figures, 2 tables and 90 references in this dissertation. Keywords Gob side entry driving, hard immediate roof, supporting efficiency, Stability of the overlying overlying rock, coal pillar width. IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ........................................................................................................................... I 目目 录录 ........................................................................................................................ VI 图清单图清单 .......................................................................................................................... X 表清单表清单 .......................................................................................................................... X 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................... XII 1 绪论绪论 ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 课题背景与意义.............................................................................................. 1 1.2 国内外研究现状.............................................................................................. 2 1.3 主要研究内容与方法.................................................................................... 10 2 15 号号煤地质条件及支护参数的原位试验煤地质条件及支护参数的原位试验 ............................................................. 12 2.1 15 号煤地质概况............................................................................................ 12 2.2 支护现状及评价............................................................................................ 14 2.3 沿空掘巷支护参数原位试验........................................................................ 15 2.4 本章小结........................................................................................................ 25 3 沿空掘巷上覆岩层结构及其稳定性分析沿空掘巷上覆岩层结构及其稳定性分析 ............................................................. 26 3.1 沿空掘巷上覆岩体破断结构特征................................................................ 26 3.2 沿空掘巷上覆岩体破断结构稳定性分析.................................................... 29 3.3 沿空掘巷上覆岩体运移变化规律................................................................ 36 3.4 坚硬直接顶沿空掘巷顶板破断特征............................................................ 38 3.5 本章小结........................................................................................................ 40 4 煤柱稳定性分析煤柱稳定性分析 ..................................................................................................... 42 4.1 采空区边缘煤体应力空间分布规律............................................................ 42 4.2 采空区边缘煤体应力随时间的变化规律.................................................... 44 4.3 煤柱宽度的合理确定.................................................................................... 45 4.4 不同宽度煤柱稳定性的数值分析................................................................ 50 4.5 本章小结........................................................................................................ 59 5 工程实践工程实践 ................................................................................................................. 61 5.1 工作面概况.................................................................................................... 61 5.2 沿空掘巷支护方案及参数............................................................................ 61 V 5.3 沿空掘巷期间矿压观测................................................................................ 64 5.4 本章小结........................................................................................................ 66 6 主要结论主要结论 ................................................................................................................. 68 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 70 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 75 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 77 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 78 VI Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................... I Contents ..................................................................................................................... VI List of Figure .......................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables ................................................................................................................ X List of Variables........................................................................................................ XII 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background and Significance of Research ....................................................... 1 1.2 Summarize of Research Status.......................................................................... 2 1.3 Research Contents and s ..................................................................... 10 2 15 Coal Seam Geological Conditions and In-situ Test of Support Parameters ...................................................................................................................................... 12 2.1 15 Coal Seam Geology ................................................................................. 12 2.2 Status and uation of Support .................................................................... 14 2.3 Support Parameters In-situ Test of of Roadway Driving along Next Goaf .... 15 2.4 Chapter Summary ........................................................................................... 25 3 Analysis of Overlying Strata Structure and Stability of Roadway Driving along Next Goaf .................................................................................................................... 26 3.1 Overlying Strata Fracture Structure Characteristics of Roadway Driving along Next Goaf .............................................................................................................. 26 3.2 Stability analysis of Overlying Strata Fracture Structure of Roadway Driving along Next Goaf .................................................................................................... 29 3.3 Change Law of Overlying Rock Mass Migration of Roadway Driving along Next Goaf .............................................................................................................. 36 3.4 Fracture characteristics of hard immediate roof of Roadway Driving along Next Goaf .............................................................................................................. 38 3.5 Chapter Summary ........................................................................................... 40 4 Stability Analysis of Coal Pillar ............................................................................. 42 4.1 Spatial Distribution of Stress of Coal Body at The Edge of Goaf .................. 42 4.2 The Law of Coal Body Stress Changing with Time on The Goaf Edge ......... 44 4.3 The Rational Determination of The Width of Coal Pillar ............................... 45 VII 4.4 Numerical Analysis of Stability of Coal Pillar with Different Width ............. 50 4.5 Chapter Summary ........................................................................................... 59 5 Engineering Practice ............................................................................................... 61 5.1 Geological Condition of Working Face .......................................................... 61 5.2 Supporting Scheme and Parameters of Roadway Driving along Next Goaf .. 61 5.3 Mine Pressure Observation of Roadway Driving along Next Goaf ............... 64 5.4 Chapter Summary ........................................................................................... 66 6 Main Conclusions .................................................................................................... 68 References ................................................................................................................... 70 Author Resume ........................................................................................................... 75 Declaration of Thesis Originality ............................................................................. 77 Dissertation Date Collection....................