超高水材料袋式充填开采地表下沉特征研究.pdf

硕士学位论文 超高水材料袋式充填开采地表 下沉特征研究 Study on Surface Subsidence Characteristics with Super High Water Material Bag-Type Filling Mining 作 者李复活 导 师张 炜 副研究员 王旭锋 教授 中国矿业大学 二○一七年五月 国家重点基础研究发展计划 973 项目（2015CB251600）资助 国家自然科学基金（51404254、51474206）资助 万方数据 中图分类号 TD325 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 超高水材料袋式充填开采地表 下沉特征研究 Study on Surface Subsidence Characteristics with Super High Water Material Bag-Type Filling Mining 作 者 李复活 导 师 张炜,王旭锋 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 绿色化开采 答辩委员会主席 张益东 评 阅 人 范钢伟，李玉民 二○一七年五月 万方数据 2 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 4 致谢致谢 本论文是在导师张炜副研究员、王旭锋教授的悉心指导和帮助下完成。两位 老师以其渊博的知识和严谨的治学态度，从论文选题到写作过程，为我指明了每 一个细节、 存在的问题和论文的意义， 指导我把理论应用到实际的工程实践中去， 在我写作过程中遇到困难，两位老师又从各个角度进行阐述，对我思路的开阔起 到了关键作用。 此外， 张老师和王老师对我的科研、 生活方面给予了很多的帮助， 在此，我向两位老师致以最真诚的敬意。在以后的成长道路上，我会继续与您保 持沟通，努力提高自己的学术水平，争取学有所专，术有所长，踏实做人，服务 社会。 衷心感谢张东升老师、马立强老师、范钢伟老师在三年研究生学习生活中给 予的指导和帮助 感谢李鹏博士、曹文豪博士、秦冬冬博士、汪洋硕士、闫笑泷硕士等诸位同 窗在论文写作过程中给予的支持 感谢冀中能源邯郸矿业集团有限公司孙春东总工程师在论文地质资料收集 和现场数据实测过程中给予的支持与帮助 诚心感谢论文所引用文献的作者 最后特别感谢各位专家在百忙之中抽出时间为本论文进行评审和答辩工作 李复活 二〇一七年五月 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 近年来， 随着煤炭资源越来越紧张， 各地逐步扩大 “三下” 资源的开采规模， 充填开采方法的应用越来越广泛。超高水材料含水量高、凝固速度快和强度高， 具有良好的应用前景。 本论文以冀中能源邯郸矿业集团超高水材料袋式充填开采 为工程背景，综合运用现场调研、理论分析、相似模拟、数值模拟和现场实测等 手段，重点对袋式充填开采地表下沉特征展开研究，主要工作成果如下 （1）结合邯郸矿区超高水材料充填开采地质条件及充填工艺，阐述了超高 水材料充填开采的覆岩活动规律，系统分析了充填开采工作面需控围岩，研究了 充填率、液压支架结构与性能、充填体强度等因素对袋式充填开采覆岩活动的影 响，得到了充填率是影响地表下沉的关键要素。 （2）采用模拟实验的方法，分析了超高水材料袋式充填开采不同充填率条 件下，覆岩活动及地表下沉的变化规律，依据模拟分析的结果，计算袋式充填开 采工作面的充填率，确定了袋式充填开采的最低充填率，提出了提高充填效果的 保障措施及相关技术。 （3）通过陶一矿 12706 超高水材料袋式充填开采工作面现场实测结果，验 证了袋式充填开采地表沉降控制的可靠性，基于袋式充填开采地表下沉曲线，对 地表移动参数进行了拟合，实测结果表明在此条件下，袋式充填开采工作面的 充填率不小于 82时，基本能够保证对地表建筑物的保护。 该论文有图 61 幅，表 20 个，参考文献 106 篇。 关键词关键词超高水材料；袋式充填开采；充填率；地表下沉特征 万方数据 II Abstract In recent years, as coal resources become more strained, various localities have gradually expanded the exploitation scale of “under three” resources. The s of backfill mining is more and more widely used. Superhigh-water material has the characteristics of high water content, solidification speed and high strength, which has good application prospect. In this paper, the Jizhong Energy Handan Mining Groups superhigh-water material bag filling and mining is used as the engineering background. The surface subsidence characteristics of bag filling and mining are mainly used in field investigation, theoretical analysis, similar simulation, numerical simulation and field measurement. The main results are as follows 1 Based on the geological conditions and filling technology of superhigh-water material backfill mining in Handan mining area, the law of overlying strata activity in filling mining with super-high water content is expounded. The surface control mechanism of filling and mining is analyzed systematically. The influence of filling ratio, structure and perance of hydraulic support and strength of filling body on bag filling mining is studied, and the filling rate is the key factor affecting surface subsidence. 2 Using similar and numerical simulation experiments to analyze the movement of overlying strata in bag filling and mining, the effect of filling rate on surface subsidence characteristics of bag filling and mining was studied, and the results of simulation analysis were carried out. Through the simulation analysis, the filling rate of the bag filling mining face is optimized, and the guarantee measures to improve the filling effect and the related control technology are put forward. 3 Through the field measurement, the control effect of the surface subsidence characteristics of the superhigh-water material bag filling and mining in Handan mining area is verified. The surface subsidence curve of bag filling mining is fitted, and the parameters of equivalent mining height and subsidence coefficient are obtained. Field measurement results show that under the special engineering geological conditions of bag filling mining of extra high water materials in Handan mining area, the filling rate increases, and the surface subsidence characteristics decrease when the equivalent mining height decreases. Bag filling mining working face of the filling rate is greater than 82，which basically guarantees the protection of ground buildings. 万方数据 III The dissertation contains 61 pieces of figures, 20 pieces of tables and 106 pieces of references. Keywords super high water material; bag-type filling mining; filling rate; surface subsidence characteristics 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘要摘要 ............................................................................................................................... I 目录目录 ............................................................................................................................ IV 图图清单清单 ..................................................................................................................... VIII 表表清单清单 ........................................................................................................................ XI 变量变量注释表注释表 ............................................................................................................... XII 1 绪论绪论 ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 问题提出与研究意义............................................................................................. 1 1.2 国内外研究现状..................................................................................................... 2 1.3 研究内容与技术路线............................................................................................. 7 2 超高水材料超高水材料袋式袋式充填开采工艺充填开采工艺 ............................................................................... 9 2.1 矿井概况................................................................................................................. 9 2.2 大采高长壁袋式充填工艺................................................................................... 12 2.3 本章小结............................................................................................................... 15 3 袋式充填开采袋式充填开采覆岩活动覆岩活动特征特征及其及其主要影响因素主要影响因素 ................................................. 16 3.1 袋式充填开采覆岩活动特征............................................................................... 16 3.2 覆岩活动的主要影响因素................................................................................... 19 3.3 本章小结............................................................................................................... 22 4 袋式充填开采地表下沉模拟分析袋式充填开采地表下沉模拟分析 ......................................................................... 23 4.1 地表下沉的相似模拟实验................................................................................... 23 4.2 充填率对地表下沉影响的数值模拟................................................................... 34 4.3 本章小结............................................................................................................... 43 5 袋式充填开采地表下沉控制袋式充填开采地表下沉控制 ................................................................................. 44 5.1 工作面充填率优化............................................................................................... 44 5.2 提高袋式充填效果的措施................................................................................... 46 5.3 本章小结............................................................................................................... 50 6 地表下沉特征实测地表下沉特征实测 ................................................................................................. 52 6.1 地表下沉观测方法与测点布设........................................................................... 52 6.2 地表下沉实测结果............................................................................................... 56 万方数据 V 6.3 本章小结............................................................................................................... 61 7 结论结论 ......................................................................................................................... 62 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 63 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 70 论文原创性声明论文原创性声明 ......................................................................................................... 71 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 72 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II Contents ..................................................................................................................... VI List of Figures ......................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables .............................................................................................................. XI List of Variables........................................................................................................ XII 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Problem Introduction and Research Significance .................................................... 1 1.2 Overseas and Domestic Status ................................................................................. 2 1.3 Research Contents and Route .................................................................................. 7 2 Technology of Super High Water Material Bag-Type Filling Mining ................. 9 2.1 General Condition of Mine ..................................................................................... 9 2.2 Thick Coal Seam Bag-type Backfill Longwall Mining System with Super High water Material .............................................................................................................. 12 2.3 Chapter Summary ................................................................................................. 15 3 Overlying Strata Movement and Main Influencing Factors with Bag-Type Filling Mining ............................................................................................................. 16 3.1 Overlying Strata Control of Bag-type Backfill Longwall Mining with Super High-water Content Material ....................................................................................... 16 3.2 Main Influencing Factors of Overlying Strata Movement ..................................... 19 3.3 Chapter Summary ................................................................................................. 22 4 Simulation Analysis of Surface Subsidence with Bag-Type Filling Mining ....... 23 4.1 Similar Simulation Experiments of Surface Subsidence ....................................... 23 4.2 Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Filling Rate on Surface Subsidence ......... 34 4.3 Chapter Summary ................................................................................................. 43 5 Surface Subsidence Control of Bag-Type Filling Mining .................................... 44 5.1 Optimization of Working Face Filling Rate ........................................................... 44 5.2 Measures to Improve Bag-Type Filling Effect ...................................................... 46 5.3 Chapter Summary ................................................................................................. 50 6 Surface subsidence characteristics measurement ................................................ 52 6.1 Observation of Ground Subsidence and Layout of Measuring Points ..... 52 万方数据 VII 6.2 Measured Results of Surface Subsidence Characteristics ..................................... 56 6.3 Chapter Summary ................................................................................................. 61 7 Conclusions ............................................................................................................. 62 References ................................................................................................................... 63 Author’s Resume ........................................................................................................ 70 Declaration of Thesis/Dissertation Originality ........................................................ 71 Thesis/Dissertation Data Collection ......................................................................... 72 万方数据 VIII 图清单图清单 图序号 图名称 页码 图 1-1 技术路线 8 Figure 1-1 Research technical route 8 图 2-1 采空区袋式充填示意 13 Figure 2-1 Bag-type backfill in goaf with super high-water material 13 图 2-2 2煤层柱状图 14 Figure 2-2 The rock histogram of 2 coal 14 图 3-1 充填开采覆岩变形 16 Figure 3-1 overlying strata movement with backfill mining 16 图 3-2 充填工作面推进覆岩移动规律 17 Figure 3-2 Overlying strata movement of the Advance of bag-type backfill mining 17 图 3-3 袋式充填工作面需控岩层结构组成 18 Figure 3-3 Structure of strata controlled by bag-type filling face 18 图 3-4 超高水材料袋式充填开采过程中各环节沉降值示意 19 Figure 3-4 The link with super high water material filling bag in the process of mining subsidence 19 图 4-1 岩层层位关系示意 24 Figure 4-1 Relation of rock strata 24 图 4-2 位移测点布置 26 Figure 4-2 Displacement measuring point arrangement 26 图 4-3 相似模拟模型 27 Figure 4-3 Similar simulation model 27 图 4-4 切眼位置 27 Figure 4-4 Position of cutting 27 图 4-5 工作面推进 294mm 模型示意 28 Figure 4-5 Similar model for 294mm of advancing the face 28 图 4-6 工作面推进 1039.5mm 模型示意 28 Figure 4-6 Similar model for 1039.5mm of advancing the face 28 图 4-7 工作面推进 1480.5mm 模型示意 29 Figure 4-7 Similar model for 1480.5mm of advancing the face 29 图 4-8 工作面推进 2000mm 模型示意 29 Figure 4-8 Similar model for 2000mm of advancing the face 29 图 4-9 切眼位置 30 Figure 4-9 Position of cutting 30 图 4-10 工作面推进 297.5mm 模型示意 30 Figure 4-10 Similar model for 297.5mm of advancing the face 30 图 4-11 工作面推进 892.5mm 模型示意 31 Figure 4-11 Similar model for 892.5mm of advancing the face 31 万方数据 IX 图 4-12 工作面推进 1430.5mm 模型示意 31 Figure 4-12 Similar model for 1430.5mm of advancing the face 31 图 4-13 工作面推进 2000mm 模型示意 32 Figure 4-13 Similar model for 2000mm of advancing the face 32 图 4-14 模型稳定状态 32 Figure 4-14 Similar model reaches the steady state 32 图 4-15 相似模型地表下沉量 33 Figure 4-15 Surface subsidence of simi