采动空间围岩应力监测技术及应用研究(1).pdf

博士学位论文 采动空间围岩应力监测技术 及应用研究 Studies on Mornitoring Technology of Mining Space Surrounding Rock Stress and Its Application 煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室（中国矿业大学）自主研究项目（SKLCRSM09X01） 国家自然科学基金（51104156 国家自然科学基金（50904067 作 者徐文全 导 师罗新荣 教授 王恩元 教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一二年五月 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 中图分类号 TD713 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 博士学位论文 采动空间围岩应力监测技术 及应用研究 Studies on Mornitoring Technology of Mining Space Surrounding Rock Stress and Its Application 作 者 徐 文 全 导师姓名 罗新荣 王恩元教授 申请学位 工学博士 培养单位 安全工程学院 学科专业 安全技术与工程 研究方向 安全监测理论与技术 答辩委员会主席 评 阅 人 二〇一二年五月 论文审阅认定书论文审阅认定书 研究生 徐文全 在规定的学习年限内， 按照研究生培养方案的要 求，完成了研究生课程的学习，成绩合格；在我的指导下完成本学位 论文,经审阅，论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同，论文 撰写格式符合学校的相关规定， 同意将本论文作为学位申请论文送专 家评审。 导师签字 年 月 日 致谢致谢 在论文完稿之际，首先衷心感谢我的导师罗新荣、王恩元教授师从五载， 得到了两位恩师全方面的指导和培养。从论文选题到定稿，无不凝聚着恩师的心 血，在整个论文的研究过程中，恩师为我指点迷津，帮助我开拓研究思路，精心 点拨、热忱鼓励，给予了我细心的指导和不懈的支持。借此机会，衷心感谢恩师 五年来的谆谆教诲，五年来的关心鼓励恩师严谨求实的治学态度、一丝不苟的 工作作风、务实创新的科研作风和宽厚待人的高尚品德，学生将终生铭记 特别感谢刘贞堂教授五年来在学业和生活上的悉心关怀和照顾 刘贞堂老师 诲人不倦的高尚师德，严以律己、宽以待人的崇高风范、平易近人的人格魅力是 我一生学习的榜样。至此论文顺利完成之际，向尊敬的刘贞堂老师表达深深的敬 意和难以言表的感谢 特别感谢沈荣喜副教授在论文内容上的指导和帮助 感谢课题组赵恩来讲师、刘晓斐副教授、李忠辉副教授五年来在学业和生活 上的指导与关心 感谢生宋大钊、马衍坤、欧建春、金佩剑、刘杰、陈鹏等各位博士生几年来 在课题组共同度过的美好时光 感谢张敬民、史先奎、董超、晋明月、孙浩博、王嗣衡、苑广华、潘东伟、 薛世鹏、蒲阳、刘大庆、胡少斌等各位硕士生在论文写作与实验方面的协助 感谢徐州福安科技有限公司王喜元工程师在仪器试验及软件调试方面给予 的热心协助 感谢王超讲师、冯占文硕士、丁学龙硕士、许晓阳硕士及课题组其他师兄师 姐师弟师妹们，三年朝夕相处，他们的热心帮助，他们的幽默风趣，使我度过了 一段愉快的时光，在此一并致以由衷的谢意 感谢河南神火集团梁北煤矿冉松河总工、徐志军副总、张守正科长、王高尚 等相关工作人员在现场实验及资料收集过程中给予的大力支持和帮助 感谢所引用参考文献的作者，他们卓有成效的工作业绩，让我的论文受益匪 浅 感谢各位专家、教授在百忙之中审阅本文，并热切地希望得到您的指教 特别感谢我的家人多年来对我学业的支持与鼓励、生活的关怀与照顾他们 多年来辛勤劳作，含辛茹苦，无私付出，使我能够顺利完成学业，他们的恩情我 将永远铭记特别感谢我的爱人秦倩在生活、学习上给予的无微不至的关心、理 解和支持；感谢她与我一同面对困难，一同分享成功的快乐，她始终是我坚持奋 斗的力量源泉。 I 摘摘 要要 随着我国煤矿开采深度及强度不断增加， 采动空间围岩应力分布变化越来越 复杂，由采动围岩应力引起的煤岩失稳现象也日趋严重。采动围岩应力实时监测 研究，有助于深入分析并揭示采动空间围岩应力的分布及演化规律，从而为准确 预测预防冲击地压等煤岩动力灾害提供技术支持。 针对现有应力计与煤岩体耦合 困难，本文建立了应力计与钻孔周围煤岩体耦合力学模型；揭示了应力计与煤岩 体耦合力学机理；开发了能够与煤岩体良好耦合的采动应力实时监测系统；运用 该系统并结合 FLAC3D等技术研究了采动空间围岩应力时空分布及其演化规律； 在此基础上，提出了采掘空间采动应力临界梯度预警技术及方法，并在现场得到 验证和应用。本文主要研究成果如下 1 建立了应力计与钻孔周围煤岩体耦合力学模型， 揭示了应力计与煤岩体 耦合力学机理， 为确定应力计合理初承力及实现应力计与煤岩体的最佳耦合提供 理论依据。 2 发明了采动应力实时监测技术及方法，开发了采动应力实时监测系统， 该系统中应力计能够与钻孔周围煤岩体自适应良好耦合，且可实现单向、双向及 三向应力实时监测，并能与 KJ 系统进行联网运行，实现对应力数据的同步实时 传输、存储与处理；提出了按照一定角度组合应力感应探头，监测以钻孔轴心为 法线的平面中两个主应力大小及方向变化的方法。 3 应用采动应力实时监测系统对梁北煤矿 11061 软煤孤岛综采工作面动 压区应力进行了监测研究，并结合 FLAC3D数值模拟、电磁辐射及支护阻力监测 技术，综合分析了采动空间围岩应力的时空分布及演化规律。结果表明11061 软煤孤岛工作面煤体中采动应力以垂直方向为主， 影响范围及变化量相对水平应 力较大；煤壁前方卸压带宽度约为 6m，采动影响距离约为 120m，相对一般综采 工作面偏大；相邻采空区叠加应力在倾向产生双应力峰值，小的应力峰值距巷帮 约为 68m，大的应力峰值距巷帮约为 17m。 4 提出了采掘空间采动应力临界梯度预警技术，该技术包含采动应力、钻 屑量、电磁辐射、支护阻力指标，并在 11061 工作面进行了验证和应用。结果表 明在煤岩体物理性质、地质条件及应力状态相同条件下，随着空间应力梯度的 增大，巷道片帮、变形等矿压显现程度及频率明显增大；通过爆破卸压等技术可 降低煤岩体空间采动应力梯度，及时释放因围岩采动应力变化积聚的弹性能，能 够有效预防煤岩动力灾害。 本论文有图 77 幅，表 8 个，参考文献 192 篇。 关键词关键词采动应力；实时监测；自适应耦合；煤岩失稳；空间采动应力梯度 II Abstract With the mining depth and intensity in our country increasing continuously, the distribution and change of mining space surrounding rock stress are becoming more and more complex. The phenomenon of coal and rock instability caused by mining surrounding rock stress is on the rise. Studies on real-time monitoring technology of mining surrounding rock stress will help deeply analyzing and revealing the distribution and evolution law of mining surrounding rock stress, in the meantime, providing technical support for predicting and preventing rock burst and some other coal and rock dynamic disasters accurately. Focusing on the coupling difficulties of stressometer now available and coal and rock mass, this paper built the coupling mechanical model of stressometer and coal and rock mass surrounding the drill hole, revealed the coupling mechanical mechanism, and developed a mining stress monitoring system which has good coupling with coal and rock mass. Combined with FLAC3D and other technologies, this monitoring system was applied to study the space-time distribution and evolution law of mining space surrounding rock stress. Based on all above, the warning technology and of critical space mining stress gradient was raised, and has been proved and applied on the spot. The main study results as follows 1 The coupling mechanical model of stressometer and coal and rock mass surrounding the drill hole was built, and the coupling mechanical mechanism was revealed, which providing technical support for ascertaining the initial stress of the stressometer、realizing the best coupling of stressometer and coal and rock mass. 2 Invented technology and for mining stress monitoring, and then developed the mining stress real-time monitoring system, included in which the stressometer could self-adaptively couple the coal and rock surrounding the drill hole, realtimely monitor the size and change of unidirectional 、 bidirectional and three-directional coal and rock stress. And it can also connect the KJ system, realize the synchronous real-time transmission、storage and processing with the monitoring ination. This paper put forward one that through combining a few of stress inductive probes into one stressometer according to certain angle, it can measure and monitor the size and direction changes of two primary stresses in a plane which take drill hole axis as the normal. III 3 The real-time mining stress monitoring system was applied to monitor and study the dynamic pressure area stress of 11061 island mechanized working face with soft coal in Linage coal mine. Combined the FLAC3D numerical simulation software、 electromagnetic radiation and monitoring technology of support resistance, the space-time distribution and evolution law of mining space surrounding rock stress was analyzed synthetically. The results show that the mining stress of 11061 island mechanized working face with soft coal is mainly on vertical direction, the influence scope and variable quantity are greater than those of horizontal. The width of pressure released zone ahead of coal wall is about 6m, wider than that of general mechanized working face. The mining influenced distance is nearly 120m, longer than that of general mechanized working face. Double stress peak value appears in dip direction for the stress superposition in adjacent gobs. The low stress peak value appears 68m away from the roadway side wall, while the high stress peak value appears approximately 17m away from the roadway side wall. 4 The warning technology of critical space mining stress gradient was raised. Inds like mining stress、drilling volume、electromagnetic radiation and support resistance included in this technology, and the demonstration and application have been conducted in 11061 working face. The results show that, under the same conditions of coal and rock mass physical property、geological condition and stress state, the degree and rate of strata behaviors like collapse and deation of roadway enlarged obviously, along with the enlargement of mining space stress gradient. Coal and rock dynamic disasters can be prevented efficiently through reducing mining space stress gradient of coal and rock mass, releasing elastic energy accumulated by surrounding rock mining stress changing timely. Keywords mining stress; active monitoring; self-adaptively coupling; coal and rock dynamic disaster; mining space stress gradient. IV Extended Abstract With the mining depth and intensity in our country increasing continuously, the distribution and change of mining space surrounding rock stress are becoming more and more complex. The phenomenon of coal and rock instability caused by mining surrounding rock stress is on the rise. Studies on real-time monitoring technology of mining surrounding rock stress will help deeply analyzing and revealing the distribution and evolution law of mining surrounding rock stress, in the meantime, providing technical support for predicting and preventing rock burst and some other coal and rock dynamic disasters accurately. This paper built the coupling mechanical model of stressometer and coal and rock mass surrounding the drill hole, revealed the coupling mechanical mechanism, and developed a mining stress monitoring system which has good coupling with coal and rock mass. Combined with FLAC3D and other technologies, this monitoring system was applied to study the space-time distribution and evolution law of mining space surrounding rock stress. Based on all above, the warning technology of critical space mining stress gradient was raised finally. 1 The coupling mechanical model of stressometer and coal and rock mass surrounding the drill hole was built, and the coupling mechanical mechanism was revealed, which providing technical support for ascertaining the initial stress of the stressometer、realizing the best coupling of stressometer and coal and rock mass. The study shows that, in the mining stress monitoring system, the stressometer should meet two points in order to improving the accuracy of mining stress monitoring results. One point is that the stressometer could bear high initial stress. The initial stress of the stressometer should be closed to or slightly higher than the inner stress of coal and rock mass. The other point is to make sure the expansion length greater than the sum of the radial dispersion length of drill hole wall and the thickness of the loose drill hole wall. 2 Invented the mining stress real-time monitoring system, including in which the stressometer has many advantages, such as bearing high tension and stress、has strong expansion ability. In coal and rock mass which is broken and with developed joint, this monitoring system could self-adaptively couple the coal and rock surrounding the drill hole, realtimely monitor the size and change of unidirectional、 bidirectional and three-directional coal and rock stress. And it can also connect the KJ system, realize the synchronous real-time transmission、storage and processing with V the monitoring ination. 3 By combined a few of stress inductive probes into one stressometer according to certain angle, it can measure and monitor the size and direction changes of two primary stresses in a plane which take drill hole axis as the normal. 4 The influence of length and inner diameter of stress transferring pipeline on mining stress monitoring results is less than 2‰. Thus, pipelines which meet the expansion length of stressometer’s inductive probe can be applied on the spot. 5 Geological structure of Liangbei coal mine is complex, so that the original stress obviously influenced by regional structure stress. The maximum principal stress is nearly horizontal stress. But after influenced by mining, the mining stress of 11061 working face in Liangbei coal mine changed to mainly on vertical direction, and the influence scope and variable quantity are greater than horizontal stress. 6 The real-time mining stress monitoring system was applied to monitor and study the dynamic pressure area stress of 11061 island mechanized working face with soft coal in Linage coal mine. Combined the FLAC3D numerical simulation software、 electromagnetic radiation and monitoring technology of support resistance, the space-time distribution and evolution law of mining space surrounding rock stress was analyzed synthetically. The results show that the mining stress of 11061 island mechanized working face with soft coal is mainly on vertical direction, the influence scope and variable quantity are greater than those of horizontal. The width of pressure released zone ahead of coal wall is about 6m, wider than that of general mechanized working face. The mining influenced distance is nearly 120m, longer than that of general mechanized working face. Double stress peak value appears in dip direction for the stress superposition in adjacent gobs. The low stress peak value appears 68m away from the roadway side wall, while the high stress peak value appears approximately 17m away from the roadway side wall. 7 The warning technology of critical space mining stress gradient was raised. Inds like mining stress、drilling volume、electromagnetic radiation and support resistance included in this technology, and the demonstration and application have been conducted in 11061 working face. The results show that, under the same conditions of coal and rock mass physical property、geological condition and stress state, the degree and rate of strata behaviors like collapse and deation of roadway enlarged obviously, along with the enlargement of mining space stress gradient. Coal and rock dynamic disasters can be prevented efficiently through reducing mining VI space stress gradient of coal and rock mass, releasing elastic energy accumulated by surrounding rock mining stress changing timely. Keywords mining stress; active monitoring; self-adaptively coupling; coal and rock dynamic disaster; mining space stress gradient. VII 目目 录录 摘要摘要 ............................................................................................................................... I 目录目录 ...........................................................................................................................VII 图清单图清单 .........................................................................................................................XI 表清单表清单 ....................................................................................................................XVII 变量注释表变量注释表...........................................................................................................XVIII 1 绪论绪论 ...........................................................................................................................1 1.1 选题的目的与意义 ................................................................................................1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ....................................................................................................2 1.3 拟解决的关键问题 ..............................................................................................11 1.4 主要研究内容及研究方法 ..................................................................................13 2 采动应力监测技术及装备采动应力监测技术及装备.....................................................................................15 2.1 采动应力监测装备设计 ......................................................................................22 2.2 应力计与煤岩体耦合分析 ............................................................