对外合作_能源基金会_交通项目_基础数据_机动车统.ppt

1,,InternationalTrendsinEnvironmentalRegulationsforVehicles,Santiago,ChileMay13,2008MichaelP.WalshInternationalConsultantChairman,BoardofDirectors,InternationalCouncilonCleanTransportation,MajorGlobalTrends,EnvironmentalConcernsIncreasingParticlesGlobalWarmingCleanerandCleanerTechnologiesEnteringMarketplaceHeavyDutyDieselVehiclesPassengerCarsMotorcyclesCleanerFuelsIncreasinglyCriticalSulfurLevelsApproachingZeroLeadAlmostGone;MMTIncreasingConcern,GrowthofVehiclePopulationinShanghai,1988-2002,4,E\ChanghongCHEN\对外合作\能源基金会\交通项目\基础数据\机动车统计报表.xls,MostVehiclesAreInCities,5,OneResultSeriousHealthConcerns,WHOConcludes800,000PrematureDeathsEachYearFromUrbanPMNumerousStudiesConsistentlyLinkPMWithPrematureDeaths,HospitalAdmissions,AsthmaAttacks,Etc.NoEvidenceofaThresholdOzone,NO2,VariousToxicsAlsoSeriousHealthConcerns,Slide6,SourceCohenetal,2005,PM10inMajorcities,EnergyDemandintheTransportSectorAnnualAverageGrowthRatebyRegion2004-2030,In2004,94oftransportenergybasedonfossiloil.Thesharewillonlyslightlydecreaseto93in2030.,SourceIEAWEO2006,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,World,OECD,OECDNorthAmerica,USA,OECDPacific,Japan,OECDEurope,EuropeanUnion,TransitionEconomies,Russia,DevelopingCountries,DevelopingAsia,China,India,LatinAmerica,Brazil,MiddleEast,Africa,Growthp.a.,,Background,CarbonDioxideisNotTheWholeStory,Transportationsectorpriorities,10,3keyinterventions,Fuel-efficient,lowEmittingcarsLow-carbonfuelsReducedvehicle-milestraveledthroughcongestionpricing,BusRapidTransit,etc.,,Slide11,TechnologyCapableofCleaningVehicleEmissionsHasImprovedDramaticallyinthePast30-40Years,TheThree-wayCatalyticConverterAFamiliarTechnologyRe-EngineeredforHighPeranceinClose-coupledandUnderfloorApplications,LayeredwashcoatarchitecturesandsupportmaterialswithhighthermalstabilityIntegratedHCadsorptionfunctionsMountingmaterialswithimproveddurabilityHighcelldensityceramicormetallicsubstratesInsulationschemesforheatmanagement,MaximumEmissionsPeranceIsOnlyAchievedWithNearZeroSulfurFuel,DieselParticulateFilters,TrappedPM,CellPlugs,ExhaustPM,CO,HCEnter,CeramicHoneycombWall,ExhaustCO2,H2OOut,,,,IssuestobalancesulfateationregenerationandbackpressureFuelEconomy,Reductions-80to95PM-80-100HC,CO-80toxins,HowTheTrapFunctions,Typicalengineexhaustmassandnumberweightedsizedistributionsshownwithalveolardeposition,fromnongrey..,GasolineandLPG,G-DI,ConventionalDiesel,18,CurrentDPFApplications,MillionsofcarsareequippedwithDPFaroundworld,,AirTank,UreaTank,,,,,,CatalystTemperature,CatalystOutputTemperature,Engine,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,SCRConnector,,,ECM,,,DosingUnit,J1939Public,,,,,,AirSolenoid,UreaSensor,,SCRControl,ExhaustGasProcessor,SCRSolutionSystemArchitecture,20,EmissionscontrolsystemforEuroVI,OxidationcatalystDOC,catalyst-basedparticulatefilterandurea-SCRwithammoniaslipcatalystASC.,California’sZEVHistory,,ZEVRegulation,PZEVscreated,CaFCPStarted,ATPZEVsCreated,ZEVRegImplementation,FCBuseson-road,,,ZEV-Status,GoalsDrivedevelopmentofZEVsSupportsbridgingtechnologieslikeHybridsMaximizesairqualitybenefitswithPZEVsStatusPZEVsmarketedbyallautomakerssubjecttotheregulation,425,000PZEVssoldtodateHybridsverysuccessfulinthemarketplace,70,000ATPZEVhybridssoldtodate100FuelcellvehiclesbeingplacedinCaliforniainrealworlddemonstrationfleets,HondaCivicHybridATPZEV,Near-ZeroEmissionVehicles,LifetimeemissionsVOCNOxPartialZeroEmissionsVehiclesPZEVsCurrently20modelsforsale,including4HEVs250,000annualsales14in20051,000,000salesby201555,Near-ZeroEmissionVehicles,BMW325iChryslerSebringFordFocusFordFusionFordEscapeHEVHondaAccordHondaCivicHEVHondainsightHEVHyundaiElantraKiaSpectraMazda3Mazda6,MitsubishiGalantNissanAltimaNissanSentraSubaruOutbackToyotaCamryToyotaPriusHEVVWJettaVolvoS40,FleetDemonstrations,100FuelcelllightdutyvehiclestodateUpto7FuelcellbusesTesting,outreach,datacollection,validation,ZEVTechnologyReview-CARB,PlugInHybridsAreEmerging,ElectricbikesinChina,P.R.,ChinaProducedApproximately15MillionElectricbikesin2007Thisdramaticgrowthhasbeenlargelyduetolegislationbanninggasolinefuelledscootersandmotorcycles,introducedfrom1996onwardsinseveralmajorChinesecities,,SourcesCherry,2006;Weinert,2006,WhichCountriesAreGettingCleanTechnologies,CleanFuelsStringentStandardsIncludingAdvancedTechnologyMandatesStrongIncentivesEconomicOther,MyGlobalVisionFor2015,EveryNewDieselHasPMFilterWeinert,2006,HongKong’sApproach,1/1/2006–NewGasolineCarsMeetEuro4standards1/1/2006–NewDieselCarsMeetCALEV2standards1/1/2007–LightTrucksBetween2.5-3.5tonsMeetEuro4standards10/1/2006–NewstandardswillbeIntroducedforTrucksover3.5tonsULSDMaximum50PPMRequired;LowerSulfurFuels10PPMEncouragedByTaxPolicy,54,India,VehiclepopulationgrowthinIndia,VehiclePopulationProjectionfromSegmentYplcSee,6.7xby2025,5xby2025,NewVehicleStandardsinIndia,EntireCountryEuro2–April2005Euro3–April2010MajorCitiesDelhi,Mumbai,Kolkata,Chennai,Bangalore,Hyderabad15PPMinLightDutyVehiclesGasoline–USTier1orEuro3DieselCATier1orEuro4MediumDutyVehiclesTier1orEuro3HeavyDutyBusandTruckUSEPA98orEuroIII,ResultadoshomologacindieselEUROIVpormodelo,EUROIV,EUROV,ResultadoshomologacindieselEUROIVpormodelo,EUROIV,EUROV,ResultadoshomologacinEPApormodelogrs/kmCOyHC,Tier0,Tier2Bin5,ModeloshomologadosbajonormasEPA6delos10modelosmsvendidos,CorsaPlushomologadoEuro,Tier0,ResultadoshomologacinEPApormodelogr/kmNox,Tier1,Tier2Bin8,Tier2Bin5,MotorcyclesIncreasingRapidly,BellagioPrinciples,DesignProgramsAfter10/15PPMSulfurFuelisAvailable,EitherUSEPA2010orEuroVI,NewDieselTrucks,CityTrucksStickerEnforcedEuroIIIPlusDieselParticulateFilterNationalTrucksEuroIVStandardsInternationalTrucksEuroIIIStandards,Priority2ReduceNOx,OtherToxicEmissions,LightDutyGasolineFueledVehiclesShouldMeetEitherTier2bin5in2010orEuro5in2010MotorcyclesAdoptEuro3Standardsby2010,Priority3ImproveFuelQuality,ReduceSulfurinDieselFuelto10/15PPM,Priority4ImplementI/M,ASMLoadedTestProcedureThroughoutSantiagoCentralizedTestingFacilitiesGraduallyTighterInUseStandards,Priority5IncentivizeAdvancedTechnologies,CurrentlyHybridsGetImmunityFromAnnualTaxForSeveralYears–ShowsGreatLeadership,