架棚巷道大角度上山掘进施工技术.pdf

1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. 架棚巷道大角度上山掘进施工技术 曹松林1 刘旭2 皖北煤电集团前岭煤矿 安徽 宿州234000 摘要通过对架棚巷道大角度上山掘进的施工,提出了相应的技术管理措施,针对性地阐述 了架棚巷道大角度上山掘进施工的特殊方法,为类似条件下巷道的安全施工提供参考。 关键词架棚 大角度 上山 施工技术 中图分类号 TD263. 23 文献标识码B 文章编号1006 - 0898 2008 04 - 0014 - 02 0 前言 皖北煤电集团前岭煤矿设计年产量为30万 t ,主采煤层为4、6煤层,直接顶底板大部分为浅 灰～深灰色泥岩及粉砂岩。煤层均为一向斜构 造,倾角在20 ～45,受区域构造侵蚀影响,造成 煤层的层面滑动而形成局部特厚点煤,厚度一般 为1. 8～14. 8m.以及派生出次一级的褶曲构造 和断裂构造,局部围岩较为破碎。施工过程中大 角度上山风镐掘进及顶板管理是施工中的难点 和弱点。 1 施工中的难点分析 ① 在大角度上山独头巷道施工过程中,由于 巷道倾角较大,修复支架安全威胁较大,为防止 放炮后的冲击波毁坏后路支架,只能采用风镐掘 进。 ② 由于巷道倾角较大,迎头端面及顶板也易 于发生抽冒,当抽冒时,人员无安全的躲闪后路, 也无法站稳。 ③ 如何保证迎头必备物料生根牢固,不下滑 伤人及煤矸飞溅也是施工过程中的一大难点。 2 采取的技术措施 2. 1 采用风镐掘进 采用风镐掘进巷道成形规整,对巷道周围围 岩破坏小,能够有效避免帮顶抽冒及放炮对后路 支架的破坏,有利于施工安全。 2. 2 加密支架 加密支架,实施短掘快支,每挖掘一棚,及时 架设一棚,尽可能地减少围岩暴露面积和缩短围 岩暴露时间。 2. 3 采用加长超前探梁进行超前护顶 采用加长超前探梁进行超前护顶,超前探梁 选用11 工字钢加工,长度4. 0～4. 5m。超前探 梁共计两根,每根超前探梁使用3付卡子固定, 卡子固定要均匀牢固。超前探梁分别距肩窝 500mm ,超前探梁与棚梁之间不实处用木楔楔 紧。并打眼施工防滑销子,在上山施工时防止下 滑。施工时,先掘上部煤,挖够一棚距离后,及时 将超前探梁窜到迎头,按中腰线放置棚梁,并用 过顶材料腰严背实顶板,在其有效的掩护下进行 作业。 2. 4 加固后路支架 后路架设好的棚子,前10m使用防倒器,随 掘进施工前移,防倒器每架三道,顶一道,每帮各 一道。撑木采用直径为50mm的粗塘柴,每架5 根,巷中1根,顶梁2根距梁的端面300mm ,帮 2根距棚梁下200mm。这样可以增强支架的 整体稳固性,提高支护强度,避免因帮顶来压而 造成推棚现象。 2. 5 留设大根煤 由于巷道倾角较大,施工时,迎头端面容易 片帮伤人,经过实践证明,采用留设大根煤的方 法可有效避这种情况,挖掘时,先挖上部煤,留设 中间大根煤不挖掘,大根煤留设长度根据巷道倾 角及煤层松软程度而定,一般为1. 0～1. 5m ,大 根煤留设要有一定的平缓坡度,其性质如同安息 坡度及安息角类似,见图1。 2. 6 搭建施工平台及堆放物料平台 施工时,采用搭建施工平台及堆放物料平台 的方法来解决人员施工不便以及物料难以生根 牢固的 难 题。搭 建 方 法使 用 皮 带 机 杠 杆 或 15kg/ m轨道两根插入巷道两帮不小于300mm , 上面使用不小于20mm厚的木板或半圆木排放 严实,并用8 铁丝捆绑牢固,其内使用煤矸充填 成平台状,平台高度距离底板不小于1m ,施工平 台距离迎头不大于5m ,堆放物料平台在施工平 41 第4期 2008年12月 水力采煤与管道运输 HYDRAULIC COAL MINING 2 -超前探梁卡子;3 -大根煤; 4 -施工平台;5 -堆放物料平台 图1 大角度上山掘进施工方法 2. 7 后路安全设施 由于巷道倾角较大,人员上下及运送物料不 便,因此要进行设置人行台阶及扶手,人行台阶 及扶手紧跟至施工平台及堆放物料平台后,台阶 为Φ200mm半圆木或道木 ,使用钯钉连接牢固, 扶手采用4分棕绳,两端拉紧,并保证要生根牢 固。 2. 8 加强工程质量管理 施工中应加强工程质量管理,确保一次成巷 质量,避免先掘后改。 3 施工方法及施工工艺 3. 1 施工方法 迎头采用两人两部风镐,一人监护,监护人 员选用有经验的老工人,后路保持畅通,杂物清 理干净。施工时,首先进行敲帮问顶,找净帮顶 活煤矸 , 帮顶找彻底后,先挖上部煤,挖够一棚 距离后,及时前移前探梁,按设计要求放置好棚 梁,用过顶材料过严顶板,在超前探梁的掩护下 再挖两帮煤,栽柱腿,最后破中间大根煤。 3. 2 施工工艺 交接班 → 安全自检、 质量验收 →敲帮问顶 → 破上部煤 →超前探梁护顶 →破两帮煤 →栽腿子 →腰帮 → 破中间大根煤 → 洒水出货 → 清理。 注意,每个圆班拆移施工平台及堆放物料平 台1次,铺设搪瓷溜子1次。 4 结束语 此种施工方法适用于20 ～45 上山掘进架 棚巷道,经过井下实践证明,不仅方法简单、 成本 低,而且有效地解决了架棚巷道大角度上山掘进 施工的诸多难题。两年来,前岭矿在架棚巷道大 角度上山掘进施工中,没有出现一次伤亡事故及 顶板大面积抽冒和垮棚现象,因此,对于有大角 度上山掘进施工的矿井非常具有借鉴价值。 作者简介 曹松林1972 - ,男,安徽砀山县人,1992年毕业于安徽省 煤炭工业学校采煤专业,助理工程师。 收稿日期2008 - 06 - 06 51 第4期曹松林等架棚巷道大角度上山掘进施工技术2008年12月 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. ENG LISH ABSTRACTS Analysis on Order of Importance of Factors Influen2 cing Hydraulic Kerfing, Coal Breaking and Winning Efficiencies Using AHP -Hydraulic ker2 fing is one of the effective approaches for realizing rapid safety drivage in seams tending to undergo severe coal and gas outbursts. The factors influen2 cing the efficiencies ofhydraulickerfing , coal breaking and winning operations involve mechani2 cal properties of coal and rock , pressure of sur2 rounding rock , characteristics of kinetics of water - jet stream , coal slotting process , management , etc. Based on qualitative and quantitative analysis using AHP and result of calculation of weighting of individual factors , it is revealed that the mechanical strength of coal and rock and initial outlet pressure of monitor are 2 important sensitive factors influencing the efficiency of hydraulic coal slotting. The result of analysis is in good agree2 ment with that of practical operation , providing , therefore , a technical approach for the enhance2 ment of the efficiencies of hydraulic coal slotting and other hydro - mining operations. Bai Xinhua et al Application of All - hydraulic Drilling Machine for Drilling Long - distance Goaf Water Prospecting and Drainage Holes -The paper presents an introduc2 tion to the operating principle of ZYG - 150 all - hydraulic drilling machine , and the problems en2 countered in drilling long holes in rocks with var2 ying hardness. Finally , the operating for increasing the drilling efficiency and perance is proposed for ensuring the accurate penetration to the required depth. Liu Zhenbo et al The Technique for the Safe Crossing of A Fully - mechanized Coal Face over Step Faults -A very large throw can be expected even over a very short advance distance in case of the presence of a tecton2 ic complex of step faults.This may impose great difficulties on the management of a fully - mecha2 nized mining face. The Geng20 - 22120 face of the No. 2 Mine , Pingmei Group , was enabled to pass safely through a group of step faults with a throw of 16 - m without causing any trouble to the safe face operation.The used includes setting supports in advance , making standing shotfiring and mining with a short cyclic time. The technique is of a reference value for ensuring the safe opera2 tion in seams with similar conditions. Cao Enping et al Application of Ruimi Synthetic Sealing - up and Re2 inforcing Material at Fully - mechanized Face of Zhongtai Mining Co. of Hebi -For the mining of the face with increased dip angle or in areas with concentrated stress or overpass entries , the main2 tenance of workings is rendered very difficult and such phenomena as rib spalling and prop - free front are generally observed , posing hazards to mining operation.Through the use of the sealing and reinforcing material , the mine has put an end to the passive situation.Liu Ruiping et al Sup2 porting of Coal Roadway with Combined Bolting - wire Mesh - shotcreting Technique -The paper presents a summary of the experience gained by Qianjiaying Branch Company on the use of the combined support technique during the develop2 ment coal roadways. The experience can serve as a basis for reference in the design and drivage of sim2 ilar workings in the future. Zhu Changcun The Technique for the Drivage of a Pitching Rise Heading with Close - set Frame Supports -A de2 scription is made in the paper of the special for the drivage of a pitching rise and the corre2 sponding technical and managerial measures adopt2 ed in this case. The practice may serve as a refer2 ence for the safe drivage of similar rise headings. Cao Songlin et al A Preliminary Analysis of the Causes for Making In2 correct Response by Monitoring and Control Devices and Counter - measures -The safety monitoring and control system has found widespread applica2 tions nowadays in mining operations , and is pla2 ying an important role. However , in routine man2 agement and maintenance work , if normalized op2 eration and regular calibration and maintenance work fail to be carried out in strict accordance with the technical requirements , the system tends to produce error or making incorrect response , jeop2 ardizing consequently the safety of mining opera2 tions. Liu Weiguo A Study of the s for Reducing the Energy and Power Consumption of Ventilating Fan -An intro2 duction is made in the paper to the s for the reduction of energy and power consumption of mine fan through regulating the air quantity by speed control. Gong Zhenwen