废旧干电池处理器设计.pdf

废旧干电池处理器设计 赵 波 刘 华 崔向坡 李磊磊 贵州大学机械学院, 贵州 贵阳 550001 摘要 采用粉碎电池并初步分选的物理处理方法, 设计出废旧干电池处理器。 经处理器处理后使废旧干电池更利于 后续的材料再利用和化学处理。 关键词 干电池 处理 回收 0 引言 我国各种电池生产量每年都在大幅增加。废旧 电池的危害主要集中在其中所含少量的重金属上 ,如 铅、 汞 、 镉等。这些有毒物质通过各种途径进入人体 内,长期积蓄难以排除,损害神经系统、造血功能和骨 骼,甚至可以致癌。解决废旧干电池污染问题迫在 眉睫 。 目前处理废旧电池方法主要是卫生填埋 、 堆肥和 焚烧 3 种方式,然而这 3 个处理方式也存在污染。填 埋处理方式,废旧电池的重金属通过渗滤作用污染水 体和土壤。焚烧处理方式, 废旧电池在高温下 ,腐蚀 设备, 某些重金属在焚烧炉中挥发在飞灰中 ,造成大 气污染 ; 焚烧炉底重金属堆积, 给产生的灰渣造成污 染。堆肥处理方式 ,废旧电池的重金属含量较高, 造 成堆肥的质量下降。 1 干电池结构组成 废旧电池含有大量的可再生物质, 合理利用将具 有很大的经济和社会效益 。干电池的组成成分主要 为 锌皮 铁皮 、碳棒、汞 、锰化合物、铜帽 。如 1 号 废旧锌锰电池的组成, 质量70 g左右 ,其中碳棒5. 2 g , 锌皮7. 0 g , 碳、金属化合物粉25 g , 铜帽0. 5 g , 其他 32 g 。 据有关部门统计 ,每年生产的废干电池中的金 属含量为锰粉109 200 t , 锌皮38 200 t ,铜帽600 t 、 铁皮 29 600 t ,汞248 t 。 如合理回收利用,可节省大量资源 。 2 电池处理器的特点 电池处理器是由进料部件 、 送料部件、 切割部件、 筛选部件和分选部件组成 。创新点如下 1 采用重力自导向原理; 2 采用切割扯拉挤压技术 ; 3 采用电磁原理和筛分技术; 4 采用动力源集中的方法, 实现了各传动机构 的自动匹配 。 3 电池处理器的工作流程 电池处理器的工作流程见图 1。 进料部分A 的作用是使废旧电池依次处于加工 的合理位置 ,将单个电池送至切割区, 切割部分 B 将 电池分成两半,而筛选部分 C 将筛选出其中的碳粉, 并使分割物粉碎 ,分选部分 D 将其余的铁皮、锌片等 分开 ,收集部件 E 收集处理后的部件 。 图1 工作流程 4 处理器工作原理 处理器装配图见图 2。 图2 装配图 43 环 境 工 程 2008年 8 月第26 卷第4 期 4. 1 输入部件 废旧电池进入输入部分后 ,根据重力自导向原理 类似自动取货机原理 在输入部分出口处以平行于 水平轴线的方向进入下一部分 或有一定量微小倾斜 度 。输入料斗见图 3。 图 3 输入料斗 4. 2 切割部件 切割部件见图 4。 电池进入送料桶后, 凸轮带动送料连接杆、送料 杆挤压废旧电池至刀具处 ,刀具 刀齿成锯齿状 反向 快速旋转, 将废旧电池皮扯拉成两半, 送料杆继续将 电池推至挡板, 使电池发生形变,其内部碳粉 、 碳棒与 锌皮脱离, 表面铁皮与锌皮因形变而分离 ,送料杆急 回,破碎电池进入筛分部分。 图 4 切割部分 4. 3 筛选部件 筛选部件见图 5。 图 5 筛选部分 破碎电池进入筛分部分后筛桶以缓慢速度转动, 壁内焊接一些钝形微型铁块, 与破碎电池充分碰撞后 使碳粉充分脱落 ,与碳棒筛分出来进入收集部分, 控 制筛孔直径大小使其他物质 主要是锌皮 、 铁皮塑料 及微量粘附在锌皮表面的碳粉 进入磁选部分 。 4. 4 磁选部件 磁选部件见图 6。 经筛选后的电池物质进入磁分选部分,具有磁性 的皮带轮带动皮带向前运送物质,当含铁物质运送至 皮带轮附近时, 被紧紧吸附至皮带表面 , 使其无法与 其他物质一同进入收集部分, 当与皮带轮远离后, 磁 力减小使其掉入收集部分 。 图6 磁选部分 4. 5 驱动系统 电池处理器所需功率不大 ,通过添加一个圆柱齿 轮减速器和一个蜗杆蜗轮减速器,便可实现一台电机 带动所有运动部件的运转 , 电动机带动刀具切割电 池; 电动机经蜗轮蜗杆减速器减速后带动筛分部分; 电动机经减速器减速后带动凸轮作四连杆机构运动, 其后带动分选部分。 5 结论 通过将破碎后的废旧干电池,装入一壳体模拟筛 分装置进行试验 ,经试验统计计算出电池的平均分离 率为 85. 3。达到预期目的。此装置结构合理 , 使 用良好。 参考文献 [ 1] 张尚斌. 用氨浸法回收废旧干电池. 重庆钢研, 2000 22 -26 作者通信处 赵波 550001 贵州省贵阳市 贵州大学蔡家关校区 机械学院研究生科 E -mail job820808 163. com 2007- 12-26 收稿 44 环 境 工 程 2008年 8 月第26 卷第4 期 FIELD TRIAL OF LFG COLLECTIONAND STUDY ON ENGINEERING DESIGN PARAMETERS Xu Xuesong Gong Huijuan Chen Zezhi et al 28 Abstract The static and dynamic s of LFG collection field trials in some landfill sites are introduced. The field trial data are analyzed and design parameters of a project are put forward. Keywords landfill gas LFG influence radius TREATMENT OF TANNERY SLUDGE AND STUDY ON ITS REUSE Li Wenbing Hu Xingen Xia Fengyi et al 31 Abstract In the tannery wastewater treatment process, a great deal of tannery sludge will be produced. The sludge contains many contami- nants, such as N, P and K, especially chrome. According to the definition of hazardouswastes, tannery sludge falls into the catalogue of danger - ous solid wastes, it can contaminate water and soil near a tannery factory. Thus well processing of the sludge is very crucial for tannery industry. In this paper, treatments and reuses of the sludge as raw material both at home and abroad are introduced, and the prospect that combustion is a goodway to process tannery sludge, and reuse of the sludge is the best way for China, has been pointed out. Keywords tannery sludge treatment combustion reuse PROCESS SCHEME FORDISPOSAL OF SLUDGE AFTERTREATING WATER FROM A CANAL Zhang Jian 34 Abstract The trestment process of water from Dongguan Canal and the sludge produced in the process are introduced briefly. Considering the characteristic of high contentof aluminum in the sludge, heat treatment and acidleaching were tested for the sludge. Basedonwhich, a practi- cal and effective processing was proposed, i. e.the sludge was first treated by drying and calcination to reduce its weight, and then the valuable metals were recycled. The reuse of sludge iswell solved during the recycling aluminum oxide in the sludge, by which the reuse of solid wastes is realized. Keywords reducing sludge by drying and calcination reuse of solid waste recycling aluminum oxide canal water treatment PROPERTIES OF CLAY BRICK RECYCLED AGGREGATE ITS EFFECTS ON STRENGTH OF CEMENT-BASED MATERIALSYan Handong Chen Xiufeng 37 Abstract The changing law of the physical properties, such as apparent density, bulk density, water -absorbing ratiowithin one hour, poro - sity and void ratio to the clay brick recycled aggregateswith different grain size degree were measured systematically in the paper. On the basis of which, the change pattern with the curing age were testedfor compressive strength of concrete andflexural strength as well as flexural-compressive ratio of mortar prepared with the clay brick recycled aggregate.As compared to the comparable ceramsite concrete, the clay brick recycled ag - gregate concrete had higher apparent density and lower compressive strength because of physical properties and low strength of recycled aggregate, by comparing the compressive strength at different curing age betweenthree sets of recycled aggregate concrete and ceramsite concrete with differ - ent cement content respectively . The disadvantageous influence of low strength property of clay brick recycled aggregate on the concrete strength could be obvious at the condition of higher cement content or later age. Keywords clay brick recycled aggregate ceramsite concrete mortar RECONSTRUCTION OF DRY RED MUD DUMPTian Yue 40 Abstract It is introduced the necessity of dry storing red mud and its design principle. The s and suggestions on the reconstruction of wet dump are also indicated in this article, which is consistencewith the priciples of saving land, sustainable development and renewable energy sources called on by the party and the state. Keywords redmud dry design and re of dump DESIGN OF PROCESSING DEVICE FOR WASTED DRY CELLS Zhao Bo Liu Hua Cui Xiangpo et al 43 Abstract A processing device for wasted dry cells is designedby physicals, such as crushof dry cells and initial separation, which can facilitate the reuse of subsequent materials and their chemical treatmnet. Keywords battery treatment recover APPLICATION OF SIMULATOR TO DESIGN OF ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS FOR WWTP Chen Lirong 45 Abstract Based on determination of influent components, the activated sludge simulator was applied in the process of designing the fourth municipal sewage plant in Xi an. According to the results of simulation, the design of a sewagt treatment plant by mathematics model was more reliable and scientific than the sludge load . Keywords municipal wastewater No. 1model of activated sludge simulation process design 3 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Vol. 26, No. 4,August, 2008