17-铁路瓦斯隧道技术规范.doc

Contents 目次 1 General Provisions 1总则 2 Terms 2术语 3 Survey 3勘测 3. 1 General Requirements 3.1一般规定 3. 2 Geologic Survey and Gas Measurement 3.2地质勘探与瓦斯测定 3. 3 Gas Forecast and uation 3.3瓦斯预测与评估 4 Design 4设计 4. 1 Classification of Tunnels in Gas-contained Ground 4.1瓦斯隧道分类 4. 2 Lining Structure 4.2衬砌结构 4. 3 Auxiliary Gallery 4.3辅助坑道 4. 4 Ventilation during Operation 4.4运营通风 5 Drilling and Blasting Operation 5钻爆作业 6 Coal Mining and Outburst Prevention 6揭煤防突 6. 1 Coal Seam Probing 6.1煤层超前探测 6. 2 Forecast of Gas Outburst Risks before Coal Mining 6.2揭煤前瓦斯突出危险性预测 6. 3 Coal and Gas Outburst Prevention Measures 6.3防治煤与瓦斯突出措施 6. 4 Effect Inspection of Outburst Prevention Measures 6.4防突措施效果检验 6. 5 Coal Mining at Rock Cross-cut and Coal Gallery Excavation 6.5石门揭煤及煤巷掘进 7 Ventilation during Construction 7施工通风 7. 1 General Requirements 7.1一般规定 7. 2 Ventilation System 7.2通风系统 7. 3 Ventilation Equipment 7.3通风设备 8 Electrical Equipment and Working Machinery 8电气设备与作业机械 8. 1 General Requirements 8.1一般规定 8. 2 Power Cable 8.2电缆 8. 3 Electrical Equipment and Protection 8.3电器与保护 9 Construction Safety and Accident Disposal 9施工安全及事故处理 9. 1 Construction Safety 9.1施工安全 9. 2 Accident Prevention and Disposal 9.2事故预防及处理 10 Quality Inspection and As-built Acceptance 10质量检验及工程验收 10. 1 Quality Inspection 10.1质量检验 10. 2 Engineering As-built Acceptance 10.2I程验收 Appendix A Classification of Destruction Categories of Coal 附录A煤的破坏类型分类 Appendix B Requirements for Installation of Automatic Gas Detection, Alarm and Power-off Devices 附录B瓦斯自动检测报警断电装置的安设要求 Appendix C Control of Detection Quality of Gas Detectors 附录C瓦斯测定仪检测质量的控制 C. 1 Portable Gas Detection Alarm C．1便携式瓦斯检测报警仪 C. 2 Light Interference Methane Measuring Meter C．2光干涉甲烷测定器 Appendix D Measurement of Gas Pressure of Coal Seam 附录D煤层瓦斯压力测定方法 Appendix E Measurement of Initial Speed Index of Gas Diffusion 附录E瓦斯放散初速度指标测定方法 Appendix F Measurement of Firmness Coefficient of Coal 附录F煤的坚固性系数测定方法 Appendix G Drilling Cuttings Index 附录G钻屑指标法 Appendix H Comprehensive Index 附录H综合指标法 Appendix J Measurement of Initial Speed of Gas Emission during Drilling, Instantaneous Desorption Pressure and Bore Meal Quantity 附录J 钻孔瓦斯涌出初速度、瞬间解吸压力、钻粉量测定方法 Appendix K “R“ Index 附录K“R”指标法 Appendix L Calculation of Gas Emission of Dead Galleries 附录L 独头坑道瓦斯涌出量的计算 Appendix M Measurement of Air Permeability Coefficient of Concrete Mixed with Air-tight Additives 附录M混凝土掺气密剂后透气系数测定方法 Explanation of Wording in This Code 本规范用词说明 1 General Provisions 1总则 1.0.1 In order to coordinate the technical standards for survey, design, construction and acceptance of tunnels in gas-contained ground and to make the construction of tunnels in gas-contained ground meet the requirements of safety, applicability, advanced technology and rational economy, this code is ulated. 1.0.1为统一铁路瓦斯隧道勘测、设计、施工及验收的技术标准，使铁路瓦斯隧道建设符合安全实用、技术先进、经济合理的要求，制定本规范。 1. 0. 2 This Code is applicable to the survey, design, construction and acceptance of new railway tunnels in gas-contained ground. 1.0.2本规范适用于新建铁路瓦斯隧道的勘测、设计、施工及验收。 1.0. 3 If the geological exploration or construction measurement made during the survey and construction process of railway tunnels shows that gas exists in the tunnels, the tunnels shall be determined as tunnels in gas-contained ground. 1.0.3铁路隧道勘测与施工过程中，通过地质勘探或施工检测表明隧道内存在瓦斯，该隧道应定为瓦斯隧道。 1. 0. 4 When there is any discrepancy between the geological conditions related to coal and gas discovered during the construction of the tunnels and those specified in the original design, the design shall be revised in time according to the discovered geological conditions. 1.0.4瓦斯隧道施工期间，当发现有关煤与瓦斯的地质情况与原设计不符时，应根据实际揭示的地质资料，及时修正设计。 1.0.5 Besides this Code the survey, design, construction and acceptance of railway tunnels in gas-contained ground shall con to the current relevant national mandatory standards. 1.0.5铁路瓦斯隧道的勘测、设计、施工及验收，除应符合本规范外，尚应符合国家现行的有关强制性标准的规定。 2 Terms 2术语 2. 0. 1 Gas 2.0.1瓦斯gas A general designation which refers to different gases escaping from coal rock ations. Its main content is methane CH4. 从煤（岩）层内逸出的各种有害气体的总称，其主要成分为甲烷CH4。 2. 0. 2 Coal ation 2.0.2煤系地层 coal ation A sedimentary rock that has symbiotic relationship in cause of ation and contains the coal bed coal seam. 在成因上有共生关系并含有煤层（或煤线）的沉积岩地层。 2. 0. 3 Work area with gas 2.0.3瓦斯工区 work area with gas A tunnel construction area where the stratum contains gas. 地层含有瓦斯的隧道施工区段。 2. 0. 4 Gas content for each ton of coal 2.0.4吨煤瓦斯含量 gas content for each ton of coal Gas amount per ton of coal, i. e., sum of the dissociated gas and adsorbed gas, indicated in m3/t. 每吨煤含有的瓦斯数量，系游离瓦斯与吸附瓦斯量之总和，以m3／t计。 2. 0. 5 Gas pressure 2.0.5瓦斯压力 gas pressure Original gas pressure level of coal rock before the excavation of the tunnel. 隧道开挖前煤（岩）中瓦斯的原始压力。 2. 0. 6 Rock cross-cut 2.0.6石门 rock cross-cut The rock column between the excavation working face and the coal seam during the coal mining in a horizontal rock adit perpendicular or skew to the coal seam strike, the thickness of which shall be 1. 5 2. 0m in general. When the rock is soft and fragmental, the thickness shall be enlarged. 在与煤层走向正交或斜交的岩石水平坑道中揭煤时，开挖工作面与煤层间的岩柱，其厚度一般取为1.5～2.0m，当岩层松软、破碎时应适当增大。 2. 0. 7 Rock column 2.0.7岩柱 rock column The rock mass between the excavation working face and the coal seam, the thickness of which is the perpendicular distance between the excavation working face and the coal seam. 岩石坑道开挖工作面与煤层之间的岩体，其厚度即开挖工作面与煤层之间的垂直距离。 2. 0. 8 Coal mining at rock cross-cut 2.0.8石门揭煤 coal mining at the rock cross-cut The whole process of excavating coal seam and rock cross-cut, including exposing the cross-cut, part-coal and part-rock mining, full seam mining and completion of coal seam mining etc. 掘进石门和煤层的全过程，它包括揭开石门、半煤半岩掘进、全煤层掘进，过完煤层等。 2. 0. 9 Sealing door 2.0.9密闭门sealing door A special door installed for isolation of gas in adit. 巷道中为隔离瓦斯而安装的专用门。 2. 0. 10 Cross-section for gas detection 2.0.10瓦斯检测断面 cross-section for gas detection A cross-section in adit where the gas monitoring point is set. 坑道中设置瓦斯检测点的断面。 2. 0. 11 Gas concentration 2.0.11瓦斯浓度 gas concentration A ratio between the gas volume in the air and the total air volume, indicated in percentage. 空气中瓦斯占有量与空气体积之比，以百分数表示。 2. 0. 12 Gas escape 2.0.12瓦斯逸出 gas escaped Gas escaping from the tunnel surrounding rock or from the backside of the lining. 从隧道围岩中或衬砌背后释放出的瓦斯。 2. 0. 13 Outburst 2.0.13突出 ejection The phenomenon that fragmental coals rocks with a large quantity of gas eject suddenly from the coal beds to the goaf under the combined action of the ground stress and gas pressure. 在地应力和瓦斯压力共同作用下，破碎的煤（岩）与大量瓦斯从煤体内突然喷向开挖空间的现象。 2. 0. 14 Inclined coal bed 2.0.14倾斜煤层 declined coal bed The coal bed whose bedding plane is inclined with the horizontal plane. It is divided into gentle inclined coal bed with the inclination angle ranging from 8o to 25o inclined coal bed with the inclination angle ranging from 25o to 45oand steep inclined coal bed with the inclination angle being more than 45o. 煤层层面与水平面斜交的煤层，当倾角为8。～25。时，称缓倾斜煤层；倾角为25。～45。时，称倾斜煤层；当倾角为大于45。时，称急倾斜煤层。 2. 0. 15 Thickness of coal seam 2.0.15煤层厚度 thickness of coal seam The vertical distance between the roof and floor of the coal seam. Where the thickness is less than 1. 3m, the coal seam is called low coal seam; where the thickness ranges from 1. 3m to 3. 5 m, the coal seam is called medium-thick coal seam; where the thickness is more than 3. 5m, the coal seam is called thick coal seam. 煤层顶底板之间的垂直距离。厚度小于1.3m的为薄煤层；厚度在1.3～3.5m的为中厚煤层；厚度大于3.5m的为厚煤层。 2. 0. 16 Probing borehole 2.0.16超前探孔 probing drift A borehole drilled in order to clearly detect the positions and occurrences of the coal beds and gas conditions ahead of the working face. It is called probing hole in brief. 为探明开挖工作面前方煤层位置及赋存条件和瓦斯情况的钻孔，简称探孔。 2. 0. 17 Forecasting hole 2.0.17预测孔 forecasting hole A borehole drilled in order to forecast the outburst risk index of the coal beds. 用以预测煤层各项突出危险性指标的钻孔。 2. 0. 18 Testing hole 2.0.18检验孔 detection hole A borehole drilled in order to test whether the anti-outburst measures are effective or not. 检验防突措施是否有效的钻孔。 2. 0. 19 Gas releasing hole 2.0.19排放孔 gas releasing hole A borehole drilled in order to release the gas and stress in the coal bed ahead of the working face. 专门排放开挖工作面前方煤层中的瓦斯和缓解应力的钻孔。 2. 0. 20 Dynamic phenomenon of drilling 2.0.20打钻动力现象 dynamic phenomenon A phenomenon such as outburstoutburst through borehole or water outburst of a large amount of gas, coal pastes, braises or water from a borehole during drilling or a phenomenon of drill pushing the drilling rod being extrapolated by the high pressure gas,drill clamping, drill holding or drill being pushed by water. 钻孔过程中大量的瓦斯、煤浆、煤粉、水从钻孔中喷出（喷孔、喷水）或高压瓦斯将钻杆向外推（顶钻）、夹钻、抱钻、顶水等现象。 2. 0. 21 Vibration blasting 2.0.21震动爆破shock blasting A special blasting operation to induce the outburst of the coal and gas during the coal mining at the rock cross-cut by means of increasing the blast hole number and the charging quantity. 在石门揭煤时，用增加炮眼数量，加大装药量等措施诱导煤与瓦斯突出的特殊爆破作业。 2. 0. 22 Low vibration blasting 2.0.22微震动爆破 low vibration blasting A vibration blasting that is at low power for coal mining. 用于揭煤的一种低爆破力的震动爆破。 2. 0. 23 Explosive permitted for coal mining 2.0.23煤矿许用炸药 explosive permitted for coal mining A kind of dedicated explosives permitted for blasting of underground projects where gas and coal dust explosion exists. 允许用于有瓦斯和煤尘爆炸危险韵地下工程爆破的专用炸药。 2. 0. 24 Air tightness 2.0.24气密性 air tightness The extent of air penetrating through concrete under the given pressure and time, which is measured by air permeability coefficient. 在一定的压力和时间条件下气透过混凝土的程度，以透气系数衡量。 2. 0. 25 Air permeability coefficient 2.0.25透气系数 air permeability The permeability volume of air that penetrates through the concrete in the specified time and area and under specified pressure. 在规定压力下，单位时间、单位面积内混凝土的透气量。 2. 0. 26 Air-tight concrete 2.0.26气密性混凝土 air-tight concrete Concrete with no more than 10-11cm/s air permeability coefficient. 透气系数不大于10-1l cm／s的混凝土。 3 Survey 3勘测 3. 1 General Requirements 3.1一般规定 3.1.1 During the determination of the positions of the tunnels, technical and economic comparisons and contrasts shall be made so as to keep the tunnels away from the coal strata and other strata containing gas. In case it is difficult to do so, the tunnels should run through the strata with as short distance as possible. 3.1.1确定隧道位置时，应经过技术经济比较，绕避煤系地层及其他含瓦斯地层，难以绕避时，宜以较短距离通过。 3.1.2 If tunnels pass through or are adjacent to coal strata or other strata containing gas, geologic survey for tunnels in gas-contained ground shall be carried out in more details in order to meet the requirements of the design and construction of the tunnels. 3.1.2隧道穿越或邻近煤系地层和其他含瓦斯地层时，应开展瓦斯隧道的地质工作，其范围应较一般隧道适当扩大，内容适当加深，其成果应满足隧道设计和施工的需要。 3. 2 Geologic Survey and Gas Measurement 3.2地质勘探与瓦斯测定 3. 2. 1 During the survey of the tunnels in gas-contained ground, the existing ination on the adjacent coal mines and oil and gas fields, which includes the following items, shall be investigated and collected. 3.2.1瓦斯隧道勘测时，应调查、收集邻近煤矿和油气田的既有资料，其内容包括 1 Regional geology, mineral geology, hydrogeology, measured ination of hazardous gas, ination on oil and gas fields and gas wells and other geologic ination on gas occurrence and outburst including geologic plans, geologic profiles, bar charts of coal measures, contrast plans of coal seams, drilling ination, well and field investigation reports and geologic reports of different stages etc. . 1区域性地质、矿产地质、水文地质、有害气体的实测资料，油气田、气井资料及有关瓦斯赋存、突出的其他地质资料（含地质平面图、剖面图、煤系柱状图、煤层对比图、钻孔资料、井田勘察报告、各阶段地质报告等）； 2 Distribution of wells and fields, exploiting level, ventilation s, gas grades, scopes of goafs, coal mining and roof management s and locations and scopes of subsequent mining areas and planned mining areas etc. 2井田的分布、开采水平、通风方式、瓦斯等级、采空区范围、采煤及顶板管理办法、接替采区和规划采区的位置及范围等资料； 3 Historical records and measured ination related to ventilation of mines with gas and coal and gas outburst. 3有关瓦斯矿井通风和煤与瓦斯突出的历史记载和实测资料。 3.2.2 In addition to the general land, physiognomy, engineering geology and hydrogeology, the emphasis of the geologic work for tunnels in gas-contained ground shall be put on the investigation and confirmation of the following items; 3.2.2瓦斯隧道的地质工作除查明一般地形、地貌、工程地质、水文地质条件外，应着重调查和确定以下内容 1 Sources of the gas in the tunnels. 1隧道的瓦斯来源； 2 The stratigraphic sequence, time and types of the rock strata as well as the distribution of the strata containing coals, the quantity of the coal seams, the features and positions of the roofs and base plates, the thicknesses and inclinations of the coal seams, the mileages and lengths of the coal seams. 2隧道通过的地层层序、年代、岩层种类及含煤地层的分布，煤层数及顶底板特征和位置，煤层厚度、倾角，隧道穿煤里程及长度； 3 The main physical properties, inds and industrial component analysis of coal seams, including the color, luster, gravity, hardness, moisture, volatilization, fixed carbon, ash content, gas content, gas pressure and initial velocity of gas diffusion etc. 3煤层的主要物理性质和指标以及工业成分分析，包括颜色、光泽、重度、硬度、水分、挥发分、固定碳、灰分、瓦斯含量、瓦斯压力、瓦斯放散初速度等； 4 Judgment on the possibility of spontaneous coal combustion and coal dust explosion as well as on the risk of coal and gas outburst. 4煤的自燃及煤尘爆炸性判断，煤与瓦斯突出危险性判断； 5 The s of the goafs, the locations of the subsequent and planned mining area and the unexploited coal volume. 5采空区形态，接替及规划采区位置及压煤量； 6 The positions of the gas zones and the gas weathered zone in the coal seams. 6煤层的瓦斯带和瓦斯风化带位置； 7 Finding out the geologic structures that contain gas, including the locations of the coal seams and the oil shale strata and the ation, transportation, reservation and collection and sealing conditions and the influencing factors of natural gas, and the influence of ground water on the transportation and reservation of the natural gas. 7查明形成瓦斯的地质构造，包括煤层、油页岩层所处的构造部位，天然气的生成、运移、储集、封闭条件及影响因素，地下水对天然气运移、储存的影响。 3.2.3 Besides the normal tunnel surveying work, bore holes shall be properly added for tunnels in gas-contained ground. Coal samples and gas samples shall be collected for component analysis and the content, emission volume and pressure of gas and natural gas shall be tested on-site. 3.2.3瓦斯隧道除应按一般隧道布置勘探工作外，尚应适当增加钻孔，采取煤样和气样进行成分分析，并在现场进行瓦斯及天然气含量、涌出量、压力等测试工作。 3.2.4 There shall be a special chapter in the Engineering Geologic Report introducing and commenting on the conditions of the coal seams, gases and natural gases, the gas geologic analysis, and the conditions of goafs, unexploited coal volumes and adjacent coal mines, oil and gas fields and gas wells, the forecast of the seriousness of the gases in the tunnels and the influence on the projects, and recommended technical measures etc. 3.2.4工程地质报告应有专门篇章评述煤层、瓦斯和天然气的情况，以及瓦斯地质分析、采空区及压煤量、邻近的煤矿和油气田、气井情况、隧道瓦