新景矿采动应力演化特征与回采巷道支护研究.pdf

硕士学位论文 新景矿采动应力演化特征与回采巷道支护 研究 Evolution characteristics of mining stress and support of mining gateway in Xinjing mine 作 者李辉 导 师柏建彪 教授 中国矿业大学 二○一八年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 中图分类号 TD353 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 新景矿采动应力演化特征与回采巷道支护研究 Evolution characteristics of mining stress and support of mining gateway in Xinjing mine 作 者 李 辉 导 师 柏建彪教授 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 岩石力学与岩层控制 答辩委员会主席 李桂臣 评 阅 人 二○一八年五月 万方数据 致谢致谢 时光如梭,我的硕士生涯已接进尾声.这三年的时光既漫长又短暂,我从中获 得很多成长。几年来,感谢陪我一起度过硕士生涯的每位尊敬的老师和亲爱的同 学。感谢你们对我的帮助和指导，让我解决困惑，直到学业的顺利完成。 本人的学位论文是在我的恩师柏建彪教授的深切关怀和耐心指导下进行并 完成的,衷心感谢我的恩师对我的淳淳教诲和悉心关怀.从课题的选择、 项目的实 施,直至论文的最终完成,柏教授都始终给予我耐心的指导和支持,我取得的每一 点成绩都凝聚着恩师的汗水和心血。柏老师严谨的治学态度、精益求精的工作作 风,深深地感染和激励着我,在此谨向柏老师教授致以衷心的感谢和崇高的敬意。 感谢课题组的王襄禹老师，陈勇老师，徐营老师，闫帅老师对我的帮助，在我疑 惑的时候，耐心帮我解答，让我解决论文中遇到的问题。 感谢实验室的师兄弟们与我一道度过美好的研究生生涯在此还要对实验室 所有师兄弟们在平时开展相关工作中的支持和帮助一并表示感谢。 感谢我课题组 吴文达、马景秋、刘经纬、曹其嘉、吴博文等,在实验过程和论文写作过程中提 供的热心帮助感谢爱人李函在生活和学习上对我的支持和理解，感谢代路遥， 邬雨泽，王娜娜，周克兵等在论文完成过程中给我提出的建议和帮助。没有他们 的帮助就没有这篇论文的顺利完成。 感谢中国矿业大学 15 级硕士班的全体同学陪我一起走过这段人生难忘的历 程 感谢我的父母和弟弟常年对我的支持和理解他们是最爱我的人,也是我亏 欠最多的人,他们默默的奉献是我求学三年来的支持和动力。 最后,我要向百忙之中参与审阅、评议本论文各位老师、向参与本人论文答 辩的各位老师表示由衷的感谢人生的每个阶段都值得好好珍惜,这段美好岁月, 因为有你们的关心和帮助,我很幸福.我会更加勤奋学习、认真研究,我会努力做 得更好,我想这也是我能给你们的最好的回报吧。 把最美好的祝福献给你们,愿永 远健康、快乐 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 放顶煤开采是开采厚煤层的主流方法之一。 采放比和端头不放顶煤长度是放 顶煤开采的重要参数。在厚煤层开采过程中，保护煤柱的留设，回采巷道的布置 与支护是煤矿高产高效开采的基本保证。本论文在前人的研究基础上，以新景矿 综放面为研究背景，通过现场调研，数值模拟和现场工业性试验相结合，研究综 放工作面不同采放比和端头不放顶煤长度的参数对采动应力的演化特征的影响； 研究 15028 回采巷道的层位布置和煤柱宽度， 探究该地质条件下的巷道布置方案 及巷道非对称变形的情况下如何进行合理有效的支护。 论文主要的成果如下（1） 不同采放比和端头不放顶煤长度条件下的采动应力演化规律采放比为 12， 端头不放顶煤长度为 6m 时，回采产生的采动应力对煤岩体的影响较其它工况下 要小，巷道和回采工作面的应力环境好，巷道维护容易。 （2）研究不同煤柱宽度 时回采巷道在掘进阶段巷道围岩的变形特征和应力分布规律， 应该将巷道布置在 应力降低区或者较小的应力增高区，得出回采巷道的合理煤柱宽度窄煤柱为 5m-6m，宽煤柱为 20m。 （3）研究分析回采巷道布置的层位对掘进与回采期间巷 道围岩的应力和变形特征的影响规律，确定巷道沿顶板掘进时，巷道维护更佳。 （4）基于煤柱侧和实体煤侧应力环境不同，巷道产生非对称变形，采用煤柱侧 增加一根锚索，能有效控制非对称变形。 （5）通过现场监测验证了研究成果能够 有效控制巷道围岩变形，对类似生产地质条件开采提供了借鉴意义。 该论文有图 49 幅，表 12 个，参考文献 86 篇。 关键词关键词放顶煤开采；采放比；煤柱宽度；巷道布置；耦合支护 万方数据 II Abstract Caving mining is one of the mainstream s for mining thick coal seam. The ratio of coal mining ratio and coal caving distance at the end is an important parameter for caving mining. In the process of thick coal seam mining, the protection of coal pillars, the layout and support of mining roadway is the basic guarantee for high-efficiency and high-efficiency mining. On the basis of the previous research, this paper studies the influence of the parameters of the different mining techniques, namely the production ratio and the end non coal distance, on the characteristics of the mining stress, and studies the 15028 mining laneway through laboratory experiments, numerical simulation and field test. And how to carry out reasonable and effective support under the condition of the roadway layout and the asymmetric deation of the roadway. The main achievements of the paper are as follows 1 The evolution law of the mining stress under the conditions of different mining ratio and end without coal distance when the production ratio is 12 and the end of the coal is 9m, the effect of mining stress on the coal and rock mass is smaller than that in other working conditions, the stress environment of the roadway and the mining face is good, and the maintenance of the roadway is easy. 2 Study the deation characteristics and stress distribution law of the surrounding rock of the roadway during the heading stage when the width of the coal pillar is different. The roadway should be arranged in the stress reduction area or the smaller stress increase area, and the reasonable coal pillar width of the mining roadway is obtained the narrow pillar is 8m, and the wide coal column is 20m. 3 The influence of the layout of the roadway layout on the stress and deation characteristics of the surrounding rock of the tunnel during the excavation and mining is studied, and the roadway maintenance is better when the roadway is heading along the roof. 4 Based on the different stress environment of the coal pillar side and the solid coal side, the roadway produces asymmetrical deation, and an anchorage cable is added to the side of the coal pillar, which can effectively control the asymmetrical deation. 5 Through the field industrial test and monitoring, it is proved that the research results can effectively control the deation of the surrounding rock of the roadway, and provides a reference for the mining of similar production geological conditions. Keywords top coal caving mining; ratio of mining and mining; width of coal pillar; roadway layout; coupling support 万方数据 III 目目 录录 摘摘 要要............................................................................................................................ I 目目 录录......................................................................................................................... III 图清单图清单........................................................................................................................ VII 表清单表清单........................................................................................................................... X 变量注释表变量注释表 ................................................................................................................ XI 1 绪论绪论............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 研究背景和意义 ..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 研究课题的研究现状和进展 .................................................................................. 2 2 端头不放顶煤长度对侧向应力分布的影响规律端头不放顶煤长度对侧向应力分布的影响规律 ................................................... 9 2.1 采放比 12 条件下采动应力演化特征 .............................................................. 10 2.2 采放比 11 条件下采动应力演化特征 .............................................................. 16 2.3 采放比 21 条件下采动应力演化特征 .............................................................. 22 2.4 本章小结 ................................................................................................................ 28 3 厚煤层综放工作面回采巷道合理布置研究厚煤层综放工作面回采巷道合理布置研究 ......................................................... 30 3.1 不同煤柱宽度下回采巷道及其护巷煤柱的稳定性数值模拟 ............................ 30 3.2 不同层位下巷道围岩变形特征 ............................................................................ 40 3.3 本章小结 ................................................................................................................ 45 4 15028 回风巷锚索锚杆耦合支护参数研究回风巷锚索锚杆耦合支护参数研究 ........................................................... 46 4.1 非对称变形特征分析 ............................................................................................ 46 4.2 回采巷道耦合支护参数设计 ................................................................................ 47 4.3 支护参数合理性验证 ............................................................................................ 55 4.4 本章小结 ................................................................................................................ 58 5 现场工业性试验及效果分析现场工业性试验及效果分析 ................................................................................. 59 5.1 矿压观测方案 ........................................................................................................ 59 5.2 矿压监测结果分析 ................................................................................................ 60 5.3 本章小结 ................................................................................................................ 62 6 结论 .......................................................................................................................... 63 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 64 万方数据 IV 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 69 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 70 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 71 万方数据 V Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II Contents ....................................................................................................................... V List of Figures ........................................................................................................... VII List of Tables ................................................................................................................ X List of Variables .......................................................................................................... XI 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research background and significance .................................................................... 1 1.2 Research status and progress of research topics ...................................................... 2 2 Influence of length of end caving coal on lateral stress distribution .................... 9 2.1 The characteristics of the mining stress evolution under the condition of 12 ...... 10 2.2 The characteristics of the mining stress evolution under the condition of 11 ...... 16 2.3 The characteristics of the mining stress evolution under the condition of 21 ...... 22 2.4 Conclusion of This Chapter ................................................................................... 28 3 Reasonable layout of mining gateway in fully mechanized top coal caving face in thick coal seam ....................................................................................................... 30 3.1 Numerical simulation of coal pillar stability under different pillar width ............. 30 3.2 Deation characteristics of roadway surrounding rock under different horizons ...................................................................................................................................... 40 3.3 Conclusion of This Chapter ................................................................................... 45 4 Study on the coupling support parameters of anchorage bolt in 15028 return air lane ......................................................................................................................... 46 4.1 Analysis of the characteristics of asymmetric deation ................................... 46 4.2 Design of coupling support parameters for mining roadway ................................. 47 4.3 Rationality verification of support parameters ...................................................... 55 4.4 Conclusion of This Chapter ................................................................................... 58 5 Field test and effect analysis ................................................................................... 59 5.1 Mine pressure observation scheme ........................................................................ 59 5.2 Analysis of monitoring results of ore pressure ...................................................... 60 5.3 Conclusion of This Chapter ................................................................................... 60 万方数据 VI 6 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 61 References ................................................................................................................... 62 Author’s Resume ........................................................................................................ 67 Declaration of Dissertation Originality .................................................................... 68 Dissertation Date Collection ...................................................................................... 69 万方数据 VII 图清单图清单 图序号 图名称 页码 图 1-1 煤层地质综合柱状图 6 Figure 1-1 The comprehensive geological histogram of coal seam 6 图 1-2 采掘工程平面图 7 Figure 1-2 Plane drawing of excavation engineering 7 图 1-3 技术路线图 8 Figure 1-3 Technical roadmap 8 图 2-1 数值计算模型 10 Figure 2-1 Numerical calculation model 10 图 2-2 端头不放顶煤长度为 3m 时侧向支承压力应力分布图 11 Figure 2-2 Ends is not caving distance of 3M lateral abutment pressure stress distribution diagram 11 图 2-3 端头不放顶煤长度为 6m 时侧向支承压力应力分布图 13 Figure 2-3 Ends is not caving distance of 6M lateral abutment pressure stress distribution diagram 13 图 2-4 端头不放顶煤长度为 9m 时侧向支承压力分布图 15 Figure 2-4 Ends is not caving distance of 9M lateral abutment pressure stress distribution diagram 15 图 2-5 端头不放顶煤长度为 3m 时侧向支承压力应力分布图 17 Figure 2-5 Ends is not caving distance of 3M lateral abutment pressure stress distribution diagram 17 图 2-6 端头不放顶煤长度为 6m 时侧向支承压力应力分布图 19 Figure 2-6 Ends is not caving distance of 6M lateral abutment pressure stress distribution diagram 19 图 2-7 端头不放顶煤长度为 9m 时侧向支承压力分布图 21 Figure 2-7 Ends is not caving distance of 9M lateral abutment pressure stress distribution diagram 21 图 2-8 端头不放顶煤长度为 3m 时侧向支承压力应力分布图 23 Figure 2-8 Ends is not caving distance of 3M lateral abutment pressure stress distribution diagram 23 图 2-9 端头不放顶煤长度为 6m 时侧向支承压力应力分布图 25 Figure 2-9 Ends is not caving distance of 6M lateral abutment pressure stress distribution diagram 25 图 2-10 端头不放顶煤长度为 9m 时侧向支承压力分布图 27 Figure 2-10 Ends is not caving distance of 9M lateral abutment pressure stress distribution diagram 27 图 3-1 数值计算模型 31 Figure 3-1 Numerical calculation model 31 图 3-2 15027 采空区侧向支承应力分布 32 万方数据 VIII Figure 3-2 15027 distribution of lateral bearing stress in Goaf 32 图 3-3 不同煤柱宽度下垂直应力分布图 33 Figure 3-3 Vertical stress distribution under the width of different coal pillars 33 图 3-4 不同煤柱宽度时塑性区分布图 34 Figure 3-4 The distribution of plastic zone in the width of different coal pillars 34 图 3-5 掘进时巷道围岩变形 35 Figure 3-5 Deation of roadway surrounding rock during heading 35 图 3-6 不同煤柱宽度时巷道围岩垂直位移云图 37 Figure 3-6 Vertical displacement cloud map of roadway surrounding rock with different pillar width 37 图 3-7 不同煤柱宽度掘巷围岩水平位移云图 38 Figure 3-7 Horizontal displacement cloud map of roadway surrounding rock with different 38 图 3-8 掘进期间巷道塑性区分布图 40 Figure 3-8 The distribution map of the plastic zone