深部巷道围岩协同锚固机理研究与应用.pdf

博士学论文 深部巷道围岩协同锚固机理研究与应用 Research and Application of the Synergistic Anchorage Mechanism to the Surrounding Rock in Deep Roadways 国国家家自自然然科科学学基基金金资资助助项项目目5 51 13 37 74 41 19 99 9资资助助 作 者 师蒋斌 教 中国矿业大学 二〇一五年五月 学学位位论论文文使使用用授授权权声声明明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰写的学 位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位论文的 部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电子版，可以使 用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文②为教学和科研目的，学校档案 馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、 图书馆等场所或在校园网上供校 内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书 。 作者签 师签 中类 TD353 学校 10290 UDC 624.1 密 开 中国矿大学 博士学位论文 深部巷道围岩协同锚固机理研究与应用 国国家家自自然然科科学学基基金金面面上上项项目目5 51 13 37 74 41 19 99 9资资助助 作 者 龙景奎 导 师 蒋斌松 申请学位 工学博士 养单位深部岩土力学与地下工程 家重点实验室 学科专业 岩土工程 研究方向 地下工程稳定控制 答辩委员会主席 评 阅 人 二○一五年五月 论论文文审审阅阅认认定定书书 研究生 龙景奎 在规定的学习年限内，按照研究生培养方案的 要求，完成了研究生课程的学习，成绩合格在我的指导下完成本学位论 文（经审阅，论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同，论文撰写格式 符合学校的相关规定，同意将本论文作为学位申请论文送专家评审。 师签 致致 谢谢 拓 终于完成了论文的撰写和初步修改。轻松与压力，快乐与苦楚，一起涌上心头，想说点 什么，却又不知从何说起，真是百感交集。都说读博士得脱一层皮，看只有经历过的人才 能真正体会到这句话的含义与份量。特别是在职攻读博士，有工作，有家庭，有社会活动， 还得挤出时间学习，做实验，跑现场，敲键盘，经常三更才眠，五更即起，确实不易。 虽然付出了许多心血和汗水，但觉得非常值。 首先，能够师从于功底深厚、治学严谨、品格高尚、悉心教诲的蒋斌松教授，是我求学 生涯中的莫大荣幸。回想起读博以的点点滴滴，导师给我指导了很多，为我付出了很多， 我也时常对导师说这么一句话 “老师，学生不才，让您多受累了” 。这句心里话，既体现出 导师对我的全心教诲，耐心辅导，真心关爱，热心帮助，也表达出自己对导师的感恩之心， 感动之意，感激之情。比如，在指导我申报国家自然科学基金项目时，为了提炼出百字左右 的“拟解决的关键科学问题” ，导师一改再改，一审再审，特别严谨，让人敬佩。在此，想对 导师再说一声老师，您辛苦了，谢谢您 其次，通过论文研究与撰写的全过程熏陶，自觉得学到了不少真功夫，相信会在我的工 作与生活当中产生协同正效应，受益终身。 论文选题和撰写过程中，得到刘刚教授、周国庆教授、靖洪文教授、韩立军教授、李元 海教授、杨圣奇教授、杨静副教授等多位老师的指导和帮助，在此表示衷心的感谢 特别感谢张强博士、刘玉田硕士在数值模拟和模型试验研究中给予的大力支持感谢张 明臣硕士、王露硕士、王海波硕士、张翼硕士、陈达硕士、王立平博士等在工程实践和试验 研究中给予的帮助。 最后，感谢妻子陈韶君博士对我的理解和支持，她不仅主动承担起所有家务和教育孩子 的重任，而且在我焦灼不安的时候给予我鼓励和安慰。还要感谢女儿龙妤函，她的聪明乖巧 给予了我强劲的动力。 论文研究过程中，我主持的“煤矿巷道协同锚固机理研究”51374199获得国家自然科 学基金面上项目资助，主持的“深部巷道协同锚固作用机理研究” 2010QNB27获得中国矿 业大学青年科技基金资助，均为论文试验研究、数值模拟和工程实践等提供了有力支撑。同 时，论文研究成果在顺和煤矿、山脚树煤矿、龙凤煤矿、金佳煤矿、糯东煤矿等单位得到应 用，较好地实现理论研究与工程实践相结合。在此一并致以诚挚的谢意 感谢各位专家、教授在百忙中对论文的评审与指教 I 摘摘 要要 深部煤矿开采的一个键题是巷道围岩稳定性制来着固材料设备和施 术等方面的发展网索固煤矿巷道的制方式然而固设计要 依据验方法而缺础理论指足要体一是固系子系内部因素之间 的作用足子系能得到是子系之间的作用足而带来 固系没生增效表整体效能足既能效保证固效果 全性也利于提高掘效率 论文煤矿深部巷道程研象将学原理用于巷道围岩稳定性制首 论证了学相理论用于巷道固系的行性 合理性用性 建立包固系 围岩系和境系在内的深部巷道围岩稳定性制系通过析巷道围岩移固系 制和状参的相系论证移作固系序参的合理性建 立深部巷道围岩固系的力学模型固系在宏整体大于各子系之简单 总和生“112”效 在础 论文通过理论析 模型试验 数值模拟和程践等多种方法 多层面 多角研固机理作用机制和效建立固术体系评指标并多 次用于程践和得良好效益使固机理研术用一体 论文获得要结论和果 1通过研证明了作用和效在巷道围岩固系中的客在并 通过调整和固来更好地子系之间的作用和固系的效能 够显著地提高巷道固岩体的整体和促使巷道形围岩力杆索 力等都于均匀调而明显地提高巷道固岩体的载能力和形能力 2提增 i S∆和指数 i ξ的概念和计算方法并别作作用和效 程的评指标 i S∆0 时表明生作用值大作用 i S∆0 时 表明没生作用或生负作用 i S∆0 时 表明处于作用“临界”状 地 i ξ0 时表明生效值愈大效愈 i ξ0 时表明没生 效或生负效 i ξ0 时表明处于效“临界”状 3通过试验研杆预紧力置密和合构固体的固作用获得了在 一定预紧力作用单 杆固体内作用 效和力场的作用规律 采用灰联析方法获知杆预紧力密共作用时杆密固体内生 效范围的影响更明显另合构的使用能够增固岩体内的作用程和 效范围并固体表面得到更效的制 4通过模拟获知杆索预紧力密长角等固内部相之间 均在作用系它们之间的系得到满足时能够使固系生作用 和效而带来系能在宏整体大于各子系要素之简单总和而系 II 没得到满足时会生“112”的效象 5 在固的作用 沿杆钻装方向 固体内效范围呈轴向长 横向短的“橄榄球”型形状效范围着固的而并在轴向表得 更敏感另在非全长固作用固段杆周围岩体通过接作用形一个“大托 盘” 并一定范围内的岩体生明显的压和固作用 效提高了固岩体的和 一象的发也一丰富和善了杆固拱理论 6 建立杆 索 固作用的机制 包括预紧力 结构 形 固时机 和参数设计等 获得作用机制的方式 在础将固机理术用于程践解了部深部高力岩巷道 和它复巷道围岩稳定性制遇到的难题得了良好效 固机理是将学原理用于巷道围岩稳定性制而提的一个全概念种 尝试研者提供一个的视角巷道类似程制机理研提供一种学向和理 论依据并获得靠用而效的固术体系 键键词词深部巷道固效术固 III Abstract Stability control of the surrounding rock is one of the key issues in deep coalmining. In recent years, development of anchor material, equipment, and construction techniques has made net- cable anchorage the prevailing control of roadways. Its design, however, is conducted more by experiences than by the fundamental theory. It leads to two major shortcomings. One is a lack of synergistic effect among the factors within the subsystem of the anchorage system, which fails to maximize the function of the subsystem. The other is a lack of synergistic effect among the subsystems, which brings little synergistic enhancement efficiency to the anchorage system and leads to an insufficient integral effectiveness. As a result, it can neither guarantee the anchoring effect and safety, nor improve drilling efficiency. This thesis studies the deep roadway engineering in the coal mine, and applies synergic principles to stability control of the roadway surrounding rock. It firstly discusses the feasibility, reasonableness and applicability of using synergy in roadway anchorage, and builds a deep roadway stability control system composed of the subsystems of anchorage, surrounding rock and environment. By analyzing the relationship between the displacement of the surrounding rock and the system’s control variable and state parameter, this thesis discusses the reasonableness of using displacement as the system’s order parameter, and thereby builds the system’s mechanical model. The whole anchorage system, macroscopically, achieves more than the simplistic sum of all its subsystems, or the positive synergic efficiency of 112. On this basis, this thesis makes a multi-level and multi-angle study of the principle, mechanism and efficiency of synergistic anchorage by means of theoretical analysis, model test, numerical simulation and engineering practice. It accomplishes the technical system of synergistic anchorage, and its uation index. The whole system pers well in several engineering practices, and achieves integration between the study and its technical application. The thesis draws the following major conclusions. 1The study proves the objective existence of synergistic effect and efficiency in the anchorage system of roadway surrounding rock. What’s more, adjustment and optimization of the anchorage variable can improve both the synergistic effect among the subsystems and the synergistic efficiency of the whole anchorage system, raise significantly the integral strength and stiffness of the anchored rock, and lead to a uni roadway deation, a homogeneous surrounding rock stress distribution, and an even load on the anchor bolt cable. As a result, the anchored rock in the roadway increases greatly its bearing capacity and deation resistance. 2The study proposes the concept of synergistic increment i S∆and synergistic index i ξ, IV develops their calculation ulae, and adopts them as the uation of synergistic effect. When i S∆0, synergistic effect appears and grows as the value rises. When i S∆0, there is zero synergistic effect or even negative effect. When i S∆0, synergistic effect reaches its critical state. Accordingly, when i ξ0, synergistic efficiency appears and grows as the value rises. When i ξ0, there is zero synergistic efficiency or even negative efficiency. When i ξ0, synergistic efficiency reaches its critical state. 3Experiments are conducted to study the fixation effect on the anchorage body produced by bolt preload, distribution density and composite members, and find out the working law of synergistic effect, synergistic efficiency, and stress distribution within the anchorage body in case of one and two bolts. With Grey Relational Analysisit is known that when bolt preload and density changes simultaneously, bolt density leaves more obvious influence on the scope of synergistic efficiency within the anchorage body. 4It is known from simulation that synergistic effect exists both within and among such anchorage variables as bolt cable preload, density, length, and angle. If they are synergistic, the anchorage system is synergistically more effective and efficient. So the system as a whole functions better than the sum of all its subsystems and single elements. If they are not synergistic, there is no synergistic efficiency of 112. 5Under the synergistic effect of the anchorage variable, the scope of synergistic efficiency within the anchorage body takes, along the drilling direction of the boltthe shape of an American football which is axially longer and horizontally shorter. As the anchorage variable changes, the scope varies more apparently along the axle. Besides, with the partial length anchorage, the anchoring section and the rock surrounding it a “big tray” as a result of adhesion. It extrudes and strengthens apparently the rock within a certain range. Thus, the strength and stiffness of the anchored rock rises effectively. This discovery enriches and improves the theory of anchorage reinforcement arch. 6This study establishes the anchorage mechanism to realize the synergistic effect of bolt cable, including preload synergy, structural synergy, deation synergy, anchorage timing synergy, strength synergy, stiffness synergy and parameter design synergy. It develops various s to implement these synergistic mechanisms. On this basis, this study applies the principle and technique of synergistic anchorage to engineering practice, and solves the problems concerning the stability control of the surrounding rock in some deep roadways of high stress and soft rock, and other roadways under complex conditions. As a new concept, synergistic anchorage applies synergistic principles to stability control of the surrounding rock. It offers a new perspective to researchers, provides a scientific guidance V and theoretical basis to the study of engineering control mechanism in roadway and similar projects, and develops a reliable, applicable, and effective system of synergistic anchorage technology. Keywords deep roadwaysynergistic anchoragesynergistic efficiencysynergistic technique anchorage variables VI Extended Abstract Stability control of the surrounding rock is one of the key issues in deep coalmining. In recent years, development of anchor material, equipment, and construction techniques has made net- cable anchorage the prevailing control of roadways. Its design, however, is conducted more by experiences than by the fundamental theory. It leads to two major shortcomings. One is a lack of synergistic effect among the factors within the subsystem of the anchorage system, which fails to maximize the function of the subsystem. The other is a lack of synergistic effect among the subsystems, which brings little synergistic enhancement efficiency to the anchorage system and leads to an insufficient integral effectiveness. As a result, it can neither guarantee the anchoring effect and safety, nor improve drilling efficiency. This thesis studies the deep roadway engineering in the coal mine, and applies synergic principles to stability control of the roadway surrounding rock. It firstly discusses the feasibility, reasonableness and applicability of using synergy in roadway anchorage, and builds a deep roadway stability control system composed of the subsystems of anchorage, surrounding rock and environment. By analyzing the relationship between the displacement of the surrounding rock and the system’s control variable and state parameter, this thesis discusses the reasonableness of using displacement as the system’s order parameter, and thereby builds the system’s mechanical model. The whole anchorage system, macroscopically, achieves more than the simplistic sum of all its subsystems, or the positive synergic efficiency of 112. On this basis, this thesis makes a multi-level and multi-angle study of the principle, mechanism and efficiency of synergistic anchorage by means of theoretical analysis, model test, numerical simulation and engineering practice. It accomplishes the technical system of synergistic anchorage, and its uation index. The whole system pers well in several engineering practices, and achieves integration between the study and its technical application. The thesis draws the following major conclusions. 1The study proves the objective existence of synergistic effect and efficiency in the anchorage system of roadway surrounding rock. What’s more, adjustment and optimization of the anchorage variable can improve both the synergistic effect among the subsystems and the synergistic efficiency of the whole anchorage system, raise significantly the integral strength and stiffness of the anchored rock, and lead to a uni roadway deation, a homogeneous surrounding rock stress distribution, and an even load on the anchor bolt cable. As a result, the anchored rock in the roadway increases greatly its bearing capacity and deation resistance. 2The study proposes the concept of synergistic increment i S∆, develops its calculation ula, and adopts it as the index to uate synergistic effect. 拓 拓 拓 拓 拓 拓 拓 拓 拓 1212 iiiiiii SSSSSSS′′∆−−− VII When i S∆0, synergistic effect appears and grows as the value rises. When i S∆0, there is zero synergistic effect or even negative effect. When i S∆0, synergistic effect reaches its critical state. 3The study defines the concept of synergistic index i ξ, develops its calculation ula, and adopts it as the index to uate synergistic efficiency. 1212 11 100100 iiiiii i ii SSSSSS SS ξ ′′−−− When i ξ0, synergistic efficiency appears and grows as the value rises. When i ξ0, there is zero synergistic efficiency or even negative efficiency. When i ξ0, synergistic efficiency reaches its critical state. 4Experiments are conducted to study the fixation effect on the anchorage body produced by bolt preload, distribution density and composite members, and find out the working law of synergistic effect, synergistic efficiency, and stress distribution within the anchorage body in case of one and two bolts. With Grey Relational Analysisit is known that when bolt preload and density changes simultaneously, bolt density leaves more obvious influence on the scope of synergistic efficiency within the anchorage body. 5Under the synergistic effect of the anchorage variable, the scope of synergistic efficiency within the anchorage body takes, along the drilling direction of the boltthe shape of an American football which is axially longer and horizontally shorter. As the anchorage variable changes, the scope varies more apparently along the axle. When bolt preload and density work together, bolt density