老母坡矿3110工作面运输平巷煤巷锚网耦合支护技术研究.pdf

工程硕士专业学位论文 老母坡矿 3110 工作面运输平巷煤巷锚网耦 合支护技术研究 Research on Anchorage and Coupling Support Technology of Coal Roadway in 3110 Working Face of Laomupo Mine 作 者原 浩 导 师郑西贵 教授 中国矿业大学 二○一九年五月 万方数据 I 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书）。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 II 中图分类号 TD353 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 工程硕士专业学位论文 老母坡矿 3110 工作面运输平巷煤巷锚网耦合支 护技术研究 Research on Anchorage and Coupling Support Technology of Coal Roadway in 3110 Working Face of Laomupo Mine 作 者 原浩 导 师 郑西贵教授 申请学位工程硕士专业学位 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 矿业工程 研究方向 岩体力学与岩层控制 答辩委员会主席 姚强岭 评 阅 人 盲 评 二○一九年五月 万方数据 III 致谢致谢 本论文是在导师郑西贵教授的悉心指导和帮助下完成的， 首先我非常感谢我 的授业恩师郑西贵教授，在我两年的研究生 学习生活中，郑老师在学术方面一 丝不苟的对我进行指导，在郑老师耐心的教导下，我的学术能力得到很大提升； 同时在日常 生活中， 郑老师也无微不至的照顾我。 这篇论文从选题、 研究方法、 研究技术路线、具体撰写等方面都是在导师耐心的教导和 启发以及严格的要求 下才得以顺利的完成。郑西贵老师严谨治学，同时具有渊博的学识，不仅在本专 业，在国学方面亦有深厚 的积累。郑老师的高尚正直的品德是我终身学习的榜 样， 在未来的人生中，我也要像郑老师一样做一个有追求有梦想敢于努力拼搏且 吃苦耐劳的青年。 在论文选题、 研究过程中以及预答辩时还得到姚强岭老师以及冯晓巍老师的 悉心指导和热情帮助，在此表示衷心的感谢。感谢本论文所引用的参考文献的作 者们以及关心我、帮助我的领导、老师和同学们。感谢郭玉博士、安铁梁博士、 刘灿灿博士、李世傲硕士、马昂硕士在我撰写论文期间给我的帮助和指导。感谢 老母坡领导和工程技术人员对于现场观测给予的大力协助和支持。 衷心感谢各位 专家教授在百忙之中对本论文给予的评阅和指教。限于时间及作者的才疏学浅， 文中难免有不足和谬误之处，恳请各位专家给予批评指正,这将在今后的工作和 学习中进一 步改进、完善。 最后感谢诸位专家在百忙之中评审本文，由于作者水平有限，论文仍有不足 和欠妥之处，热切希望得到您们的指导，祝工作顺利、身体健康、万事如意 原浩 2019 年 5 月 万方数据 IV 摘摘 要要 近年来随着国内浅部地层煤炭资源逐渐开采殆尽， 煤矿的整体开采深度正在 不断增加。同时煤矿巷道因其地应力变大、围岩条件差等不利条件，使巷道的支 护问题成为突出且复杂的问题，尤其在深部软岩或破碎岩层中，经常出现巷道支 护效果差，变形量大等情况。这些问题的出现多数是因为巷道护表效果不足，之 前常用的简单的锚网索联合支护往往不足以提供良好的护表能力。 导致出现许多 由于护表效果不足导致巷道支护失效、支护构件整体性下降等现象。众多前辈与 学者对于以上情况进行研究，认为是锚杆与锚网之间未能达到强度耦合状态，常 出现锚杆支护强度富余但护表金属网的护表强度不够的现象， 以至于煤矿在巷道 支护方面花费大量人力物力却不能对巷道的支护效果进行明显提升。 文章在理论 探讨、数值模拟的基础上，运用工业性试验等方法，对锚杆与锚网的强度耦合条 件进行研究，取得如下成果 （1）在对四种岩石分类方法或指标进行对比选择后，确定通过 Q 系统分类 方法，对老母坡矿 3煤层巷道进行围岩分类。最终得出老母坡矿 3煤层巷道围 岩属于破碎围岩，Q 系统分级多为Ⅳ级，对支护强度要求较高。 （2）对工程护表或护坡常用网片进行分类。通过对比得出目前在桥梁、大 坝等其他岩土工程中使用广泛的格宾网性能优于煤矿井下常用的菱形金属网， 其 造价低于钢筋经纬网，但支护强度高于菱形金属网，对于井下巷道支护不仅能提 供良好支护效果，而且能造成良好的经济效益。 （3）对锚网耦合支护机制进行分析。由此得出网的护表强度需要大于锚杆 锚空区破碎围岩施加的载荷，即破碎围岩的重量，才能使锚杆与锚网达到强度耦 合状态，对金属网受力进行力学分析，验证以上锚网强度耦合条件的合理性。最 终得出锚杆与护表网片强度耦合的判定依据。 （4） 通过对老母坡矿 3煤层 3110 工作面进行 FLAC3D数值模拟。 将巷道围 岩在无支护状态、 锚杆菱形金属网、 锚杆格宾网支护状态下的垂直应力分布以 及巷道位移情况进行对比，锚杆参数均为规格 Φ202200mm 左旋无纵筋螺纹 锚杆， 材质 HRB335， 间排距 900 1000mm。 菱形金属网参数 网丝直径 Φ4mm， 网片规格 1000 1200，网孔规格为 60 80mm。格宾网规格网丝直径 Φ6mm，网 片规格 1000 1200， 网孔规格为 60 60mm。 结果表明两种金属网片均能发挥分散 围岩应力的功能，但使用格宾网支护时，巷道变形量明显减小，说明格宾网的护 表效果明显强于菱形金属网。 （5）在老母坡 3煤层 3110 工作面运输顺槽进行工业性试验。通过验算， 证明煤矿原用锚杆及锚索已经达到强度要求，间排距设置合理。于是对井下使用 护表金属网片进行重新选择与设计，最终选择格宾网进行支护，并在开始回采后 万方数据 V 进行巷道变形量观测。对观测数据进行整理分析，可知在进行格宾网支护后，巷 道支护效果得到明显提升。 该论文有图 43 幅，表 11 个，参考文献 91 篇。 关键词关键词耦合支护；岩石分类；力学分析；护表效果；格宾网 万方数据 VI Abstract In recent years, with the gradual exploitation of domestic shallow coal resources, the overall mining depth of coal mines is increasing. At the same time, due to the unfavorable conditions such as the increase of ground stress and the poor surrounding rock conditions, the roadway support problem has become a prominent and complicated problem, especially in deep soft rock or broken rock stratum, often with poor roadway support effect and deation. Large amount and so on. Most of these problems occur because of the insufficient effect of roadway protection. The simple anchor and cable joint support commonly used before is often not enough to provide good protection ability. As a result, many roadway support failures and the overall stability of the support members are reduced due to insufficient effect of the watch. Many seniors and scholars have studied the above situation, and believe that the strength and coupling between the anchor and the anchor net are not achieved, and the strength of the bolt support is often insufficient, but the strength of the watch metal mesh is insufficient, so that the coal mine In the roadway support, it takes a lot of manpower and material resources, but it cant significantly improve the support effect of the roadway. On the basis of theoretical discussion and numerical simulation, the paper studies the strength coupling conditions of anchor bolt and anchor net by industrial test and other s, and achieves the following results 1 After comparing the four rock classification s or indicators, it is determined that the surrounding rock classification of the 3 coal seam roadway in Laomupo Mine is carried out by the Q system classification . It is concluded that the surrounding rock of the 3 coal seam roadway of Laomupo Mine belongs to relatively broken soft rock, and the Q system is mostly grade IV, which requires higher support strength. 2 Classification of commonly used mesh sheets for engineering guards or slope protection. By comparison, it is concluded that the perance of the Gebin net, which is widely used in bridges, dams and other geotechnical engineering, is better than that of the rhombic metal mesh commonly used in coal mines. The cost is lower than that of the steel warp and weft, but the support strength is higher than that of the rhombic metal mesh. For the underground roadway support, not only can provide good support effect, but also can produce good economic benefits. 3The anchor network coupling support mechanism is summarized. It is concluded that the strength of the protection of the net needs to be greater than the load 万方数据 VII applied by the broken surrounding rock in the anchorage area of the anchor, that is, the weight of the broken surrounding rock, so that the bolt and the anchor net can reach the strength coupling state, and the mechanical analysis of the force of the metal mesh is carried out. To verify the rationality of the above anchorage strength coupling conditions. 4 FLAC3D numerical simulation was carried out on the working face of 3110 coal seam 3110 in Laomupo Mine. The vertical stress distribution of the roadway surrounding rock in the unsupported state, the anchor rod the diamond metal mesh, the anchor rod the gemnet support state, and the displacement of the roadway are compared. The bolt parameters are the specification Φ202200mm left-handed Longitudinal threaded anchor, material HRB335, spacing between 900 1000mm. Diamond-shaped metal mesh parameters wire diameter Φ4mm, mesh size 10001200, mesh size is 60 80mm. Gebin net specifications Φ6mm gaben net, size 10001200, mesh size is 60 60mm. The results show that the two metal meshes can play the role of dispersing the surrounding rock stress. However, when the gabnet mesh support is used, the deation of the roadway is obviously reduced, which indicates that the protective effect of the gabnet is stronger than that of the diamond mesh. 5 Conduct industrial tests on the 3110 coal seam 3110 working face of Laomupo. Through checking and verifying, it is proved that the original anchor rod and anchor cable of the coal mine have reached the strength requirement, and the spacing between the rows is reasonable. Therefore, the metal mesh of the watch metal was re-selected and designed. Finally, the Gebin network was selected for support, and the deation of the roadway was observed after the start of mining. According to the analysis and analysis of the observation data, it can be seen that after the support of the Gebin network, the roadway support effect is significantly improved, and the maintenance cost is saved. The paper has 43 maps, 11 tables, and 91 references. Keywords coupled support; rock classification; mechanical analysis; watch effect; Gabion 万方数据 VIII 目 录 摘摘 要要 ............................................................................................................................. I 目目 录录 ..................................................................................................................... VIII 图清单图清单 .........................................................................................................................XI 表清单表清单 ....................................................................................................................... XV 变量注释表变量注释表 .............................................................................................................. XVI 1 绪论绪论 ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景及研究意义...................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状.............................................................................................. 2 1.3 存在的问题...................................................................................................... 7 1.4 研究内容与技术路线...................................................................................... 8 2 巷道围岩及护表网片分类巷道围岩及护表网片分类 ..................................................................................... 11 2.1 各种支护方式护表作用................................................................................ 11 2.2 巷道围岩分类................................................................................................ 13 2.3 护表网片分类................................................................................................ 15 2.4 本章小结........................................................................................................ 21 3 锚网耦合支护原理及网片性能分析锚网耦合支护原理及网片性能分析 ..................................................................... 22 3.1 锚网耦合支护机制概述................................................................................ 22 3.2 网片护表作用................................................................................................ 24 3.3 护表作用影响因素分析................................................................................ 26 3.4 锚杆与护表网片强度耦合分析.................................................................... 28 3.5 本章小结........................................................................................................ 32 4 老母坡矿老母坡矿 3110 工作面运输巷围岩应力分布与变形规律的数值模拟工作面运输巷围岩应力分布与变形规律的数值模拟 ............... 34 4.1 数值模拟模型建立........................................................................................ 34 4.2 模型的方案及支护参数确定........................................................................ 35 4.3 数值模拟结果分析........................................................................................ 36 4.4 本章小结........................................................................................................ 44 5 工业性试验工业性试验 ............................................................................................................. 45 5.1 工程概况及地质条件.................................................................................... 45 5.2 锚网支护参数优化........................................................................................ 46 万方数据 IX 5.3 优化后的现场观测........................................................................................ 51 5.4 本章小结........................................................................................................ 54 6 主要结论主要结论 .................................................................................................................. 55 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 56 万方数据 X Contents Abstract .......................................................................................................................VI Contents........................................................................................................................X List of Figure ........................................................................................................... XVI List of Tables ............................................................................................................ XV List of Variables ...................................................................................................... XVI 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Background and Significance ................................................................... 1 1.2 Overseas and Domestic Research Status ................................................................. 2 1.3 Existing problem ...................................................................................................... 7 1.4 Research content and technical route ....................................................................... 8 2 Roadway surrounding rock and watch net classification.................................... 11 2.1 Protective surface effect of various support s ............................................ 11 2.2 Roadway surrounding rock classification .............................................................. 13 2.3 Watch net classification ......................................................................................... 15 2.4 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 21 3 Anchor net coupling support principle and mesh perance analysis .......... 22 3.1 Overview of anchor network coupling support mechanism .................................. 22 3.2 Mesh sheet protection ............................................................................................ 24 3.3 Analysis of factors affecting the role of watch protection ..................................... 26 3.4 Coupling Analysis of Bolt and Table Mesh Strength ............................................. 28 3.5 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 32 4 Numerical Simulation of Stress Distribution and Deation Law of Surrounding Rock in 3110 Working Face of Laomupo Mine ................................ 34 4.1 Numerical simulation model establishment ........................................................... 34 4.2 Model solution and support parameters determination .......................................... 35 4.3 Numerical simulation results analysis ................................................................... 36 4.4 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 44 5 Industrial test .......................................................................................................... 45 5.1 Project overview and geological conditions .......................................................... 45