基于相似模拟实验的巷道变形特征及失稳危险判别研究.pdf
硕士学位论文 基于相似模拟实验的巷道变形特征 及失稳危险判别研究 Research of Roadway Deation Feature and Instability Discriminant based on Similar Simulation Experiment 国家自然基金项目(51104156) 教育部科学技术研究项目(113031A) 中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2014ZDPY23,2014ZY001) 国家“十二五”科技支撑计划(2012BAK09B01) 作 者邓晓谦 导 师刘晓斐 副教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一五年五月 万方数据 中图分类号 TD76 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公 开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 基于相似模拟实验的巷道变形特征 及失稳危险判别研究 Research of Roadway Deation Feature and Instability Discriminant based on Similar Simulation Experiment 作 者 邓晓谦 导 师 刘晓斐副教授 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 安全工程学院 学科专业 安全科学与工程 研究方向 煤矿灾害防治 答辩委员会主席 评 阅 人 二○一五年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一, 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权,即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版,可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文;②为教学和 科研目的,学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外,根据有关法规,同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 (保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书) 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 论文审阅认定书论文审阅认定书 研究生 在规定的学习年限内, 按照研究生培养方案 的要求,完成了研究生课程的学习,成绩合格;在我的指导下完成本 学位论文,经审阅,论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同, 论文撰写格式符合学校的相关规定, 同意将本论文作为学位申请论文 送专家评审。 导师签字 年 月 日 万方数据 致谢致谢 本文从选题到完稿,无不凝聚着导师刘晓斐副教授的心血,在整个论文的研 究过程中,导师为我指点迷津,帮助我开拓思路,热忱鼓励。导师严谨求实的科 研态度、一丝不苟的工作作风,踏踏实实的治学精神,不仅授我以文,而且教我 做人,虽历时三载,却给以终生受益无穷之道。在此,谨向最尊敬的恩师刘老师 致以诚挚的谢意和崇高的敬意 特别感谢课题组王恩元教授三年来在学业和生活上的悉心关怀和照顾, 王老 师循循善诱的教导和不拘一格的科研思路给予我无限的启迪, 他那诲人不倦的高 尚师德,严于律己、宽以待人的崇高风范,平易近人的人格魅力是我一生的学习 榜样。值此论文顺利完成之际,向我最尊敬的王老师表达深深的敬意和感谢 感谢刘贞堂教授、李忠辉教授、沈荣喜副教授、赵恩来讲师、宋大钊讲师、 欧建春讲师在论文撰写过程中给予的多次细心指导 感谢刘杰博士、胡少斌博士、冯俊军博士、陈亮博士、李学龙博士、邱黎明 硕士、孔彪硕士、湛堂啟硕士、王笑然博士、吕岗岗硕士、陈栋硕士在论文写作 与实验方面的协助 感谢金佩剑博士、魏明尧博士、李楠博士、晋明月硕士、董超硕士、孙浩博 硕士、刘大庆博士、陈鹏博士、陆智斐硕士、许金杯硕士、王嗣衡硕士、潘东伟 硕士、苑广华硕士、孙珍玉硕士、景林波硕士、杨玉龙硕士、朱亚飞硕士、高芸 硕士、杨胜利硕士、班擎宇硕士、杨宁宁硕士、曹永发硕士、蔡冠楠硕士、沈志 伟硕士、郭汝林硕士、贾兴旺硕士在我硕士研究生的三年美好时光里对我帮助和 陪伴 感谢李宝林硕士、娄全硕士、张志博博士、王亚博硕士、房保飞硕士、孟浩 天硕士、张松山硕士、任学坤硕士以及课题组其他师兄弟对我学习生活的帮助 最后要特别感谢我的父母,养育之恩,无以回报感谢吕瑞杰女士,对我学 业上的支持和鼓励,感谢我大学以来最亲密的朋友舍友边道海、方磊、黄炜炎、 江勇、黄翱、李烈、李瑞林、石高鹏、李雨潭、李岩、王庆国在读研期间的鼓励 陪伴 感谢中国矿业大学安全工程学院的领导和各位老师所提供的优越学习环境 和条件 感谢论文中所引用参考文献的所有作者,他们卓有成效的研究成果,是我的 论文完成的基石 感谢各位专家、 教授在百忙之中审阅本文, 并热切地希望得到您的批评指正 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 巷道(承担着通风、运输、行人及其他功能)在煤矿开采中扮演着重要的角 色,巷道的稳定关系着煤矿的安全和高效生产。近年来由于开采强度的增大和开 采深度的增加,加上复杂的地质条件,采动应力和构造应力的叠加,使得井下开 采区域巷道容易产生大的变形、失稳和破坏,甚至会由于冲击地压、矿震或强烈 矿压显现等造成巷道的损坏。 如何对处于应力影响范围内的巷道的稳定进行监测, 及时对巷道变形、 失稳等危险状况作出预警, 是煤矿安全监测中的重要研究内容。 针对巷道变形失稳监测的实际, 本文建立巷道围岩变形破坏模拟试验及应变 测试系统,在通过材料强度配比试验确定相似模型所需材料最佳配比的基础上, 开展了巷道围岩变形过程的物理相似模拟研究, 测试了二向载荷条件下受载巷道 模型变形破坏过程中的宏观应力、应变的变化特征,同时利用预先植入的光纤光 栅传感器测试了巷道围岩内部应变的变化特征;并结合 RFPA 数值模拟结果,分 析了巷道围岩变形破坏机理; 最后根据巷道围岩内部弯曲拉伸应变变化的时序特 征, 提出了基于内部应变监测的围岩失稳判别条件。 全文主要取得以下研究成果 (1)进行了试验模型所需相似材料的强度配比实验,测定了沙子石蜡混合 物 8 种配比情况下的主要力学参数,确定了沙子/石蜡为 10012 作为相似模型 所需材料的最佳配比。 (2)建立了巷道围岩变形破坏模拟试验系统,开展了巷道围岩变形过程的 物理相似模拟试验, 模型整体变形破坏过程的全应力应变曲线可以划分为四个阶 段压密阶段、受载阶段、破坏阶段和破坏后阶段。 (3)测试并分析了巷道模型受载变形破坏过程中顶板下沉和支撑压力变化 情况,以及垂向、横向载荷变化特征和围岩内部应变变化特征。 (4)应用 RFPA2D 软件,对巷道模型进行了平面应力分布集中及平面裂纹 生成发育扩展过程的数值模拟分析。 (5)提出了基于内部应变监测的巷道围岩失稳判别条件①应变呈渐增大 趋势且其绝对值达到很大或者应变值在短时间内迅速增大; ②应变表现出先上升 后下降的趋势特征,或出现不规则的波动。 本文为巷道围岩的实验模拟研究提供了新的思路, 对深入了解巷道变形破坏 及围岩失稳具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。 该论文有图 47 幅,表 4 个,参考文献 80 篇。 关键词关键词模拟实验;巷道变形破坏;光纤光栅;失稳监测 万方数据 II Abstract Roadway which is bearing the ventilation, transportation, pedestrians and other functions, plays an important role in coal mining and the stability of roadway is critical to coal mine safety and efficient production. In recent years, due to the strength of mining and mining depth increases, coupled with the complicated geological conditions, mining stress and tectonic stress superimposing, so that the roadway of underground mining area produce large deation, instability and failure easier, and even due to rock burst, shock bump or Strong mine pressure behaving causes the damage of roadway. How to monitor the stability of roadway that is in the range of stress and timely making early warning of dangerous conditions such as roadway deation and instability is an important research content in coal mine safety monitoring. For the actual of roadway deation and instability in monitoring, in this article, the simulation experiment of roadway deation and failure and strain test system are established. On the basis of the strength test within different material ratio which determines the optimum ratio needed by similar model, the physical simulation research of deation of surrounding rock in roadway is conducted,and the variation characteristics of macroscopic stress and strain of loaded roadway model deation and failure is tested. At the same time variation Characteristics of roadway internal strain is also tested by the pre-implantation FBG sensor. Combined with RFPA numerical simulation results, the deation failure mechanism of surrounding rock is analysed. Finally, according to the timing variation characteristics of bending tensile strain in internal surrounding rock of roadway,the surrounding rock instability determination conditions based on internal strain monitoring is proposed. The thesis makes the following research results (1) Through the experiment of strength of similar material within different ratio, the main mechanics parameters of Sand paraffin mixture ratio of 8 kinds of circumstances are tested,then to determine the sand / paraffin 100 12 as similar model materials needed for the best ratio. (2)With establishing a simulation experiment of roadway deation and failure,Surrounding rock deation process physical similarity simulation test is conducted,obtaining that complete stress-strain curve of the model deation and failure process can be divided into four stages Consolidation stage, loading stage, 万方数据 III failure stage and stage after damage. (3) The roof sinking and supporting pressure in deation and failure process of roadway model under load is tested and analysed,but also the Variation Characteristics of Vertical and lateral load, and the internal strain Variation Characteristics of surrounding rock. (4)Within the RFPA2D software, the numerical simulation analysis for plane stress distribution concentrated and flat crack propagation generating development of roadway model is made. (5)Based on internal strain monitoring, roadway instability determination conditions is proposed①strain showed increasing trend, and its absolute value is large or strain values increase rapidly in a short time; ②strain showed increased and then decreased after the first characteristic, or irregular fluctuations. This paper provides a new way of thinking for the roadway surrounding rock experiment simulation research, and has important theory value and practical significance to understand and instability of surrounding rock of roadway deation and destruction. In this paper there are 47 figures,4 tables and 80 references Keywords simulated experiment; roadway deation and failure; Fiber Bragg grating; instability monitoring 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ........................................................................................................................ I 目目 录录 ...................................................................................................................... IV 图清单图清单 .................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单 ...................................................................................................................... XI 1 1 绪论绪论 ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 研究目的及意义 .................................................. 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 .................................................. 2 1.3 存在的问题及不足 ................................................ 9 1.4 主要研究内容 .................................................... 9 1.5 技术路线 ........................................................ 9 2 2 巷道围岩变形破坏相似模拟试验系统巷道围岩变形破坏相似模拟试验系统 ................................................................ 10 2.1 实验系统 ....................................................... 10 2.2 试验方案 ....................................................... 15 2.3 本章小结 ....................................................... 20 3 3 巷道围岩变形破坏宏观应力应变特征研究巷道围岩变形破坏宏观应力应变特征研究 ...................................................... 21 3.1 相似材料力学试验及配比参数确定 ................................. 21 3.2 相似模型宏观力学特征研究 ....................................... 29 3.3 本章小结 ....................................................... 36 4 4 巷道围岩变形破坏数值模拟及分析巷道围岩变形破坏数值模拟及分析 .................................................................... 37 4.1 数值模拟软件 RFPA2D 简介 ........................................ 37 4.2 模型的建立及结果分析 ........................................... 39 4.3 相关机理分析 ................................................... 42 4.4 本章小结 ....................................................... 45 5 5 巷道变形破坏围岩内部应变特征研究巷道变形破坏围岩内部应变特征研究 .............................................................. 46 5.1 模拟巷道围岩内部应变的试验特征 ................................. 46 5.2 基于内部应变机制的围岩失稳判别 ................................. 51 5.3 本章小结 ....................................................... 56 6 6 结论、创新点及展望结论、创新点及展望 ............................................................................................ 58 万方数据 V 6.1 结论 ........................................................... 58 6.2 创新点 ......................................................... 59 6.3 展望 ........................................................... 59 参考文献参考文献 .................................................................................................................. 61 作者简历作者简历 .................................................................................................................. 66 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 .............................................................................................. 68 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ...................................................................................................... 69 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II Contents ...................................................................................................................... IV List of Figures .......................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables ............................................................................................................... XI 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1Purpose and Significance of the Research ................................................................ 1 1.2Summary of Home and Abroad Investigation .......................................................... 2 1.3 Problems .................................................................................................................. 9 1.4 Main Research Contents .......................................................................................... 9 1.5Technical Route......................................................................................................... 9 2 Experiments Research Simulated Deation and Failure of Roadway ......... 10 2.1Experimental Systems ............................................................................................. 10 2.2Test Program ........................................................................................................... 15 2.3Brief Summary ........................................................................................................ 20 3 Macroscopic Stress-strain Characteristics Research of Roadway Surrounding Rock Deation and Destruction ......................................................................... 21 3.1Similar Material Mechanics Experiment and Grouting Parameters ....................... 21 3.2Macroscopic Mechanical Properties of the Similar Model Research ..................... 29 3.3Brief Summary ........................................................................................................ 36 4 Numerical Simulation of Surrounding Rock Deation and Failure with Two Stress ........................................................................................................................... 37 4.1Introduction to the RFPA2D Numerical Simulation Software ............................... 37 4.2The Establishment of the Model and the Result Analysis ...................................... 39 4.3Theoretical Analysis of Related Machines ............................................................. 42 4.4Brief Summary ........................................................................................................ 45 5 The Surrounding Rock Strain Characteristic Research and the Criterion of Instability .................................................................................................................... 46 5.1Simulation of Surrounding Rock of Roadway Test Characteristics of the Internal strain ............................................................................................................................. 46 5.2Based on the Internal Strain Mechanism of Surrounding Rock Instability Criterion 万方数据 VII ...................................................................................................................................... 51 5.3Brief Summary ........................................................................................................ 56 6 Conclusions, Innovations and Prospects ............................................................... 58 6.1 Conclusions ............................................................................................................ 58 6.2 Innovations ............................................................................................................. 59 6.3 Prospects ................................................................................................................ 59 References ................................................................................................................... 61 Author’s Resume ........................................................................................................ 66 Declaration of Thesis Originality.............................................................................. 68 Thesis Data Collection ............................................................................................... 69 万方数据 VIII 图清单图清单 图序号 图名称 页码 图 1-1 圆形巷道分析模型 3 Figure 1-1 Analysis of