基于位移梯度深部软弱煤岩破碎范围及破碎程度分析.pdf
分 类 号 TD353 密 级 公 开 单位代码 10878 学 号 20153301030 硕 士 学 位 论 文硕 士 学 位 论 文 论文题目论文题目 基于位移梯度深部软弱煤岩破碎基于位移梯度深部软弱煤岩破碎 范围及破碎程度分析范围及破碎程度分析 学科门类学科门类 工学硕士工学硕士 学科专业学科专业 结构工程结构工程 研究方向研究方向 地下结构地下结构计算计算理论理论与应用与应用 作者姓名作者姓名 周瑞鹤周瑞鹤 导师姓名导师姓名 吴德义吴德义 完成时间完成时间 2018 年年 3 月月 万方数据 基于位移梯度深部软弱煤岩破碎范围及破碎程度分析基于位移梯度深部软弱煤岩破碎范围及破碎程度分析 Analysis of Displacement Gradient-Based Deep Soft Coal Breaking Scale and Breaking Degree 学科门类学科门类 工学硕士工学硕士 学科专业学科专业 结构工程结构工程 研究方向研究方向 地下结构计算理论与应用地下结构计算理论与应用 作者姓名作者姓名 周瑞鹤周瑞鹤 导师姓名导师姓名 吴德义吴德义 完成时间完成时间 2018 年年 3 月月 万方数据 安徽建筑大学硕士学位论文 - I - 万方数据 安徽建筑大学硕士学位论文 - II - 万方数据 安徽建筑大学硕士学位论文 - III - 摘 要 随着煤矿的开采逐渐向深部进行, 对于深部软弱煤岩的破碎变形分析以及合理支 护问题变的尤为重要。为了选择合理支护及其布置来保持深部软弱煤岩巷道的稳定, 为解决深部软弱煤岩松动圈厚度测试方法复杂及精度低的难题, 采用现场试验与数值 模拟相结合的方法。首先通过理论分析确定影响深部软弱煤岩破碎变形的主要因素 (原岩应力、巷道断面尺寸、煤岩岩性) ,并通过相关试验测出煤岩物理力学参数的 值(弹性模量、泊松比、粘结力、内摩擦角) 。建立合理的 FLAC3D 数值计算模型, 并进行网格划分,选取五个典型方向(aA 方向、bB 方向、cC 方向、dD 方向、eE 方 向、 )进行分析。本文主要分析不同原岩应力 P(10MPa、12MPa、14MPa、18MPa、 20MPa) 、不同巷道断面尺寸(4.0m 3.5m、5.0m 4.0m、6.0m 5.0m) 、不同煤岩岩性(岩 性Ⅰ、岩性Ⅱ、岩性Ⅲ)条件下典型方向深部软弱煤岩的位移场分布特征,分析不同 条件下典型方向的残余强度分布特征, 分析不同条件下深部煤岩的位移梯度分布特征 以及碎胀程度。通过数值模拟的结果,结合 Tecplot 后处理软件取出各方向位移值, 并用 Origin 软件对位移量进行拟合,得出拟合方程。 通过分析软弱煤岩强度衰减至残余强度的围岩范围并依此确定松动圈厚度及分 布,采用现场实验验证计算结果的合理性。进一步分析巷道埋深、煤岩岩性、断面尺 寸等巷道布置参数对松动圈厚度及分布影响,结果表明 巷道布置参数显著影响围岩 松动圈厚度及分布,深部软弱煤岩大断面巷道不同部位都具有大松动圈厚度,巷道两 帮中部尤其明显,应显著加大支护强度,同时应重点加强关键部位支护。通过分析软 弱煤岩各方向的位移场分布, 并对各典型方向的位移量进行回归得出相关系数进而求 出位移梯度值,确定煤岩松动破碎临界状态位移梯度临界容许值。结果表明各种不 同条件显著影响深部软弱煤岩松动圈厚度, 但煤岩处于松动破碎临界状态位移梯度临 界容许值基本相同,一般为 10.0 左右;通过获得煤岩位移场分布回归方程及相应回 归方程系数,即可估算煤岩位移梯度取临界容许值时松动圈厚度。应用工程实际,通 过多点位移计实测煤岩不同位置位移估算松动圈厚度,取得较好效果。通过分析不同 条件下煤岩各典型位置的位移梯度来确定煤岩的碎胀程度, 并通过松动圈所在位置的 位移量以及围岩表面的位移量来确定巷道围岩各典型方向的平均碎胀率,结果表明 深部软弱煤岩不同部位都产生较大范围破碎, 但巷道两帮中部平均碎胀显著且靠近巷 道表面较大范围极过度碎胀。 采用长锚索支护巷道帮部及顶板,同时巷道两帮中部局 部加密锚索并布置短锚杆,有效保证巷道变形稳定。 图 55 表 21 参 66 关键词关键词深部软弱煤岩;位移场;松动圈厚度;位移梯度;碎胀程度 万方数据 安徽建筑大学硕士学位论文 - IV - 分类号分类号TD353 万方数据 安徽建筑大学硕士学位论文 - V - Abstract As the coal mining develops gradually towards the deep, the breaking and deation analysis of deep soft coal and proper supporting issue have become particularly important. In order to select proper support and its arrangement to keep the deep soft coal roadway stable and to solve the difficulty of complexity and low accuracy with the of loosen zone thickness measurement for deep soft coal, combination of site test and numerical simulation is adopted. Firstly, main factors primary rock stress, roadway section size and coal lithology affecting deep soft coal breaking and deation are determined through theoretical analysis and then values of physical mechanics parameters of coal are measured with relevant test elastic modulus, Poisson ratio, cohesive force and inner friction angle. Reasonable FLAC3D numerical calculation model is built, meshing is pered and five typical directions are selected aA, bB, cC, dD and eE. This paper focuses on the analysis of displacement field distribution characteristics of deep soft coal under different primary stresses P 10MPa, 12MPa, 14MPa, 18MPa and 20MPa and different coal lithology I, II, and III in the typical directions, of the residual strength distribution characteristics in typical directions under different conditions and of the displacement gradient distribution characteristics and breaking-expansion degree of the deep coal under different conditions. The fitting equation is obtained with the numerical simulation results, the displacement values in each direction obtained from Tecplot post-processing software and by fitting of displacement with software Origin. The loosen zone thickness and distribution are determined by analyzing the surrounding rock zone when the soft coal strength attenuates to residual strength and site test is adopted to verify the reasonableness of the test. Further the influence of roadway arrangement parameters like roadway depth, coal lithology and section size on the loosen zone thickness and arrangement is analyzed. The results show that roadway arrangement parameters affect significantly the loosen zone thickness and arrangement, different positions of deep soft coal large section roadway all have large loosen zone thickness which is particularly obvious in the middle of two sides of the roadway. Therefore, the support strength shall be significantly improved and key position support shall be enhanced in particular. Relevant coefficients are obtained by analyzing the displacement field distribution of soft coal in different directions and by regression of displacements in 万方数据 安徽建筑大学硕士学位论文 - VI - different typical directions, and then the displacement gradient values are obtained and the critical allowable displacement gradient values in critical state of coal loosening and breaking are determined. The results show that the loosen zone thickness of deep soft coal is significantly affected in different conditions, but the critical values above are basically the same, which is generally about 10.0; the loosen zone thickness when critical allowable value is taken for coal displacement gradient can be estimated by coal regression equation of coal displacement field distribution and relevant regression equation coefficients. The loosen zone thickness is estimated by measuring the coal displacements at different positions in engineering practice and better effect is achieved. The breaking-expansion degree of the coal is determined by analyzing the displacement gradient of the coal at different typical positions in different conditions, and average breaking-expansion ratio of the surrounding rock of the roadway in different typical directions is determined by the displacement where the loosen zone is and by the displacement of surrounding rock surface. The results show that large scale of breaking is produced at different positions of the deep soft coal, but the average breaking-expansion at the middle of roadway sides is significant and there is extremely excessive expansion in large scale in the area close to the roadway surface. Long anchor cables are adopted to support the roadway and the roof, and anchor cables are locally added closely and short anchor rods are arranged at the middle of roadway sides so as to ensure effectively that the roadway deation is stable. Figure 55 table 21 reference 66 KeyWordsdeep soft coal; displacement field; loosen zone thickness; displacement gradient; breaking-expansion coefficient Chinese books catalogTD353 万方数据 安徽建筑大学硕士学位论文 - VII - 目 录 摘 要 .............................................................................................................. III Abstract .................................................................................................................. V 目 录 .............................................................................................................VII Contents ................................................................................................................. X 插图清单 .............................................................................................................. XI 插表清单 ........................................................................................................... XIII 第一章 绪论 ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景及意义 ...................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究状况 ......................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 深部开采围岩松动破碎变形 ............................................................. 2 1.2.2 深部开采围岩稳定性判别................................................................. 3 1.3 研究内容 .................................................................................................... 3 1.4 技术路线图 ................................................................................................ 4 第二章 煤岩的物理力学特性及参数的分析 ........................................................ 6 2.1 岩石的破碎变形及性质 .............................................................................. 6 2.2 煤岩的应力分析 ......................................................................................... 7 2.2.1 煤岩应力的弹性分析 ........................................................................ 7 2.2.2 煤岩应力的弹塑性分析 ................................................................... 8 2.3 巷道围岩破碎变形的基本规律 ................................................................ 10 2.3.1 拉裂破坏状态 ................................................................................ 10 2.3.2 剪切破坏状态 ................................................................................ 10 2.4 煤岩物理力学参数测定 ............................................................................ 11 2.4.1 煤岩的真密度的测定 ..................................................................... 12 2.4.2 煤岩的弹性模量及泊松比的测定 .................................................. 12 2.4.3 煤岩的粘结力c以及内摩擦角的测定 ........................................ 14 2.5 本章小节 .................................................................................................. 14 第三章 深部软弱煤岩巷道的松动破碎观测及分析 ........................................... 15 3.1 深部煤岩巷道围岩松动破碎变形现场实测及结果分析 ........................ 15 3.2 深部煤岩巷道围岩表面变形的工程实测结果及分析 ............................ 16 3.3 深部岩石巷道围岩松动破碎多点位移计观测及分析 .......................... 18 3.4 深部巷道围岩松动破碎的钻孔摄像观测及分析 ..................................... 21 第四章 数值计算 ............................................................................................... 24 4.1 FLAC3D 数值模拟基本介绍 ................................................................. 24 万方数据 安徽建筑大学硕士学位论文 - VIII - 4.1.1 FLAC 3D 数值模拟软件的基本介绍 .............................................. 24 4.1.2 有限元方法的基本方程 .................................................................. 24 4.2 数值模拟计算 ........................................................................................ 27 4.2.1 数值计算模型的建立 ...................................................................... 27 4.2.2 煤岩本构关系 ................................................................................ 29 4.3 数值分析计算与数据处理 ........................................................................ 31 4.3.1 不同原岩应力条件下煤岩位移分布图 ........................................... 31 4.3.2 不同巷道断面条件下煤岩位移分布图 ........................................... 36 4.3.3 不同岩性条件下煤岩位移分布图 .................................................. 39 4.4 本章小结 .................................................................................................. 42 第五章 深部软弱煤岩巷道破碎范围及破碎程度分析 ......................................... 43 5.1 松动圈理论 .............................................................................................. 43 5.1.1 围岩松动圈形成原因及物理状态 ................................................... 43 5.1.2 围岩松动圈的性质 ......................................................................... 44 5.1.3 围岩松动圈的分类方法 ................................................................. 45 5.2 深部软弱煤岩松动破碎数值计算结果分析 ............................................. 46 5.2.1 不同原岩应力 P 条件下煤岩的松动破碎变形分析 ......................... 46 5.2.2 不同巷道断面尺寸条件下煤岩的松动破碎变形分析 ..................... 48 5.2.3 不同煤岩岩性条件下煤岩的松动破碎变形分析 ............................. 51 5.3 深部软弱煤岩的破碎范围及破碎程度分析 ............................................. 53 5.3.1 松动破碎程度及其分布评价指标 ................................................ 53 5.3.2 不同条件平均松动破碎率及其分布 ............................................. 54 5.4 基于位移梯度的深部软弱煤岩松动圈厚度估算 ...................................... 56 5.4.1 不同原岩应力 P 作用下水平方向煤岩的位移梯度变化图 ............ 56 5.4.2 不同巷道断面尺寸时水平方向煤岩的位移梯度变化图 ................. 57 5.4.3 不同煤岩岩性条件下水平方向煤岩的位移梯度变化图 ................. 57 5.4.4 煤岩松动破碎位移梯度绝对值临界容许值确定 .......................... 58 5.4.5 深部软弱煤岩松动圈厚度估算公式............................................... 59 5.4.6 不同条件下松动破碎范围内碎胀程度及其分布 ............................ 59 5.5 工程应用 ................................................................................................. 59 5.6 本章小结 ................................................................................................. 60 第六章 结论与展望 .......................................................................................... 62 6.1 结论 .......................................................................................................... 62 6.2 展望 .......................................................................................................... 63 参考文献 .............................................................................................................. 64 致谢 ...................................................................................................................... 68 万方数据 安徽建筑大学硕士学位论文 - IX - 作者简介及读研期间主要科研成果 ..................................................................... 69 万方数据 安徽建筑大学硕士学位论文 - X - Contents Abstract I Contents V Illustration list IX Insert listXI Chapter 1 Introduction1 Chapter 2 Analysis of physical and mechanical properties and parameters of coal rock. 6 Chapter 3 Observation and analysis of loose fracture in deep soft coal roadway 15 Chapter 4 Numerical calculation24 Chapter 5 Analysis of fracture extent and fragmentation degree of deep soft coal roadway 43 Chapter 6 Conclusion and Prospect62 Reference 64 Thank 68 About the Author and the main research during graduate school69 万方数据 安徽建筑大学硕士学位论文 - XI - 插图清单 图 1-1 技术路线图 ........................................................................................... 5 图 2-1 单轴应力应变曲线................................................................................... 6 图 2- 2 巷道围岩的破坏示意图 .......................................................................... 9 图 2- 3 巷道顶板拉裂破坏示意图 .....................................................................10 图 2- 4 巷道帮部拉裂破坏示意图 .....................................................................10 图 2- 5 巷道底板拉裂破坏示意图 .....................................................................10 图 2- 6 岩石切割及简易切片机 ........................................................................12 图 2- 7 SCM200B 型双端面磨平机 ...................................................................12 图 2- 8 加工成的标准试件示意 ........................................................................12 图 2- 9 抗压强度测