高应力软岩煤巷钻孔卸压支护技术研究.pdf

硕士学位论文 高应力软岩煤巷钻孔卸压支护技术研究 Study on the Drilling Pressure Relief Support Technology of High Stress Soft Rock Coal Roadway 作者卢全体 导师高明仕 教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一五年四月 江苏省“青蓝工程” 资助项目（JSQL20140207） “天山学者”资助项目（TSS20150105） 江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目PAPD 中图分类号TD353学校代码10290 UDC622密级公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 高应力软岩煤巷钻孔卸压支护技术研究 Study on the Drilling Pressure Relief Support Technology of High Stress Soft Rock Coal Roadway 作者卢全体导师高明仕 申请学位工学硕士培养单位矿业工程学院 学科专业采矿工程研究方向 矿山压力与岩层控制 答辩委员会主席评 阅 人 二○一五年四月 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书）。 作者签名导师签名 年月日年月日 论文审阅认定书论文审阅认定书 研究生卢全体在规定的学习年限内， 按照研究生培养方案的 要求，完成了研究生课程的学习，成绩合格；在我的指导下完成本学 位论文，经审阅，论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同，论 文撰写格式符合学校的相关规定， 同意将本论文作为学位申请论文送 专家评审。 导师签字 年月日 致谢致谢 行文至此，我的毕业论文已基本完成；岁月如梭，三年的研究生时光也行将 结束。离别在即，站在人生的又一个转折点上，心中思绪万千，有成长的喜悦、 有力不从心的遗憾、有离别的不舍和眷恋，而更多的是感恩。 首先，向我的导师高明仕教授致以深深地敬意和衷心的感谢，本论文是在高 明仕教授的悉心指导下完成的，从论文选题、内容撰写、方案设计、工业试验， 都得到了高老师精心指导， 没有高老师的指引和鼓励， 论文不可能得以顺利完成。 师从三载，我收获丰厚、受益匪浅。高老师严谨的治学态度、忘我的工作精神、 乐观自信的生活态度给我留下了深刻的印象，也树起了我学习的标杆，将会一直 鞭策我不断进步。 感谢王龙龙、李玉龙、闫振超、荆向明、张青山等师兄，你们是我做人、做 事的榜样，你们给予我的帮助和鼓励我将永远铭于心。 感谢刘一博、曹长江、张宇舵、王海川、赵一超、陈曦硕士，是你们的同门 之谊、兄弟之情陪我度过了美好的研究生时光。 感谢李仪、焦鹏、吴优、刘昂、李森、潘利强、谭云、朱留哲师弟在我生活 和学习中给予的帮助和关心，使我的研究生生活更加丰富和多彩。 感谢永煤公司陈四楼煤矿综掘一队全体人员在现场实地试验中给予的大力 支持和帮助。 感谢论文引用参考文献的作者，通过阅读你们的文献，使我增长了知识，开 阔了视野，启发了写作思路。 特别感谢我的父母，感谢你们含辛茹苦将我养大成人，感谢你们对我默默的 奉献和付出，感谢你们对我的鼓励和包容，你们是我多年求学路上的坚强后盾， 你们对我无私的爱是我不断前进的动力。 最后，感谢论文评审和答辩的各位教授、专家，期望得到更多的指导。 I 摘要摘要 随着矿井开采规模和强度的增大，开采作业不断向深部转移，软岩巷道的支 护与维护问题越来越突出，尤其是高应力软岩巷道，支护难度大，往往需要返修 多次才能控制巷道长期稳定，不仅增加生产成本，而且严重影响矿井安全生产， 对深部资源开采过程中的工程支护提出了严峻的挑战。因此，研究深井高应力软 岩巷道的合理支护技术具有非常重要的现实意义。 论文以陈四楼煤矿 2609 轨道顺槽为工程背景，采用现场调研，实验室实验、 理论分析和数值模拟等方法，对高应力作用下软岩巷道支护难题进行了研究，研 究内容和结果如下 1） 对陈四楼煤矿 2609 轨道顺槽围岩物理力学性质进行测定， 围岩松散破碎， 强度较低，RQD 指标差，泥质成分多，胶结性差，易风化崩解和塑性流变，含 较多高岭石，具有一定膨胀性，得出巷道围岩为典型的松软岩层。 2）根据围岩松动圈理论，分析了高应力巷道钻孔卸压原理；运用弹塑性理 论，建立钻孔力学模型，计算出卸压钻孔孔壁周边的弹塑性区应力和位移分量， 推导出钻孔卸压区塑性半径及影响范围与地应力成正相关和煤层粘聚力成负相 关关系；采用 FLAC3D建立三维钻孔卸压模型，研究不同长度、孔径和间距钻孔 对卸压效果影响，得出通过增加钻孔长度，适当增大钻孔孔径和减小钻孔间距， 可以取得较好卸压效果。 3）根据 2609 轨道顺槽的主要破坏形式，分析了 2609 轨道顺槽主要破坏特 征，揭示了 2609 轨道顺槽的破坏机理。提出先“转”后“让”再“抗”三效合 一的控制思路，并采用 FLAC3D分别对巷道开挖无支护、锚网索支护和“锚网索 卸压孔” 支护三种方案进行数值模拟， 验证了 2609 轨道顺槽高应力软岩煤巷采 用“锚网索卸压孔”先“转”后“让”再“抗”三效合一控制思路的可行性。 4）设计了陈四楼煤矿 2609 轨道顺槽具体支护参数并应用于现场。矿压观测 表明，在掘进期间巷道围岩浅部变形量和深部离层量均较小，巷道成型较好。 该论文有图 68 幅，表 21 个，参考文献 72 篇。 关键词关键词高应力软岩巷道；围岩物理力学性质；钻孔卸压；理论分析；数值模拟 II Abstract With the increase of mining scale and intensity, mining operation turns to the deep constantly, and supporting and maintenance of the soft rock roadways,especially the high stress soft rock roadways, is becoming more and more prominent.Difficult supporting roadway of this kind often needs to repair for many times to control the stability, and not only increases the cost of production, but also seriously affects the mine safety production.It is a severe challenge to roadway support of deep mining. Therefore, studying on the reasonable supporting technology of the deep high stress soft roadway has very important practical significance. Taken 2609 rail gateway in the Chen Silou coal mine as engineering background, the paper adopted s of field investigation, laboratory test, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation to study the supporting problem of the high stress soft rock roadway. The research contents and results are as follows 1The paper measured the physical and mechanical properties of surrounding rock of 2609 rail gateway in Chen Silou coal mine.The results show that surrounding rock is loosed and broken, the intensity is low, the RQD index is poor, the argillaceous components is more,the cementation is low, and easy to weathering disintegration and plastic flow.Then,we concluded that it is the typical soft rock. 2According to the surrounding rock loose circle theory, the paper analyzed the mechanism of drilling pressure relief.Based on the elastic-plastic theory, established drill mathematical model to calculate the stress and displacement components of the elastic and plastic zone surrounding the drill hole, then obtained that plastic radius of the drill hole is a positive correlation with in-situ stress and a negative correlation with coal cohesion. FLAC3Dis used to establish the three-dimensional borehole pressure relief model to study the different length, aperture and distance on the effect of pressure relief, and concluded that increasing the length of drilling, appropriate increase aperture and reduce drilling borehole spacing, can obtain better pressure relief effect. 3On the basis of damage of 2609 rail gateway, the paper analyzed the main failure characteristics,and revealed the failure mechanism. Therefore,put forward the control idea of “transfer“-“release“-“resistant“,and used FLAC3Dto simulate three kings of solutions to verify the feasibility. 4The paper designed the concrete supporting parameters of 2609 rail gateway III and applied to the field. Mine pressure observation showed that the deation of surrounding rock was small during the tunneling. This thesis data includes 68 figures, 21 tables and 72 references. Keywords high stress soft rock roadway; physical and mechanical properties of surrounding rock; drilling pressure relief; theoretical analysis; numerical simulation IV 目录目录 摘要摘要............................................................................................................................ I 目录目录......................................................................................................................... IV 图清单图清单...................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单...................................................................................................................... XIII 变量注释表变量注释表................................................................................................................XV 1 绪论绪论............................................................................................................................1 1.1 问题的提出及研究意义.........................................................................................1 1.2 高应力软岩巷道研究现状.....................................................................................2 1.3 高应力巷道卸压支护技术研究现状.....................................................................6 1.4 论文研究内容及方法.............................................................................................8 2 2609 轨道顺槽围岩物理力学性质测定轨道顺槽围岩物理力学性质测定..................................................................10 2.1 测试目的与内容...................................................................................................10 2.2 岩石的力学性质测试...........................................................................................10 2.3 岩石的物理性质测试...........................................................................................16 2.4 本章小结...............................................................................................................19 3 高应力巷道钻孔卸压机理分析高应力巷道钻孔卸压机理分析..............................................................................20 3.1 高应力巷道钻孔卸压原理...................................................................................20 3.2 钻孔卸压力学特性分析.......................................................................................21 3.3 钻孔卸压影响因素数值模拟...............................................................................24 3.4 本章小结...............................................................................................................35 4 2609 轨道顺槽钻孔卸压支护技术研究轨道顺槽钻孔卸压支护技术研究..................................................................36 4.1 2609 轨道顺槽破坏形式及特征...........................................................................36 4.2 2609 轨道顺槽破坏机理分析...............................................................................38 4.3 2609 轨道顺槽整体控制思路...............................................................................39 4.4 2609 轨道顺槽支护方案数值模拟.......................................................................42 4.5 本章小结...............................................................................................................47 5 工业试验工业试验..................................................................................................................48 5.1 工程概况...............................................................................................................48 V 5.2 巷道支护参数.......................................................................................................49 5.3 矿压观测...............................................................................................................57 5.4 经济社会效益分析...............................................................................................57 5.5 本章小结...............................................................................................................58 6 结论结论..........................................................................................................................59 参考文献参考文献......................................................................................................................61 作者简历作者简历......................................................................................................................65 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明..................................................................................................66 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集..........................................................................................................67 VI Contents Abstract........................................................................................................................II Contents......................................................................................................................VI List of Figures..........................................................................................................VIII List of Tables........................................................................................................... XIII List of Variables........................................................................................................XV 1 Introduction...............................................................................................................1 1.1 The Problem and Research Significance..................................................................1 1.2 Research Status of High Stress Soft Rock Roadway............................................... 2 1.3 Research Status of Pressure Relief Support in High Stress Soft Rock Roadway....6 1.4 Research Contents and s..............................................................................8 2 Physical and Mechanical Properties Determination of the 2609 Rail Gateway10 2.1 Test Purposes and Contents....................................................................................10 2.2 The Determination of the Rock Mechanical Properties .......................................10 2.3 The Determination of the Rock Physical Properties ............................................16 2.4 Chapter Summary...................................................................................................19 3 Drilling Pressure Relief MechanismAnalysis of High Stress Roadway.............20 3.1 Drilling Pressure Relief Mechanism of High Stress Roadway..............................20 3.2 Mechanical Properties Analysis of Drilling Pressure Relief..................................21 3.3 The Numerical SimulationAnalysis of Influencing Factors..................................24 3.4 Chapter Summary...................................................................................................35 4 Damage Characteristic and Mechanism Analysis of High Stress Soft Rock Roadway......................................................................................................................36 4.1 Deation and Failure Characteristic of High Stress Soft Rock Roadway36 4.2 Damage Mechanism Analysis of the 2609 Rail Gateway......................................38 4.3 The Overall Control of the 2609 Rail Gateway..................................................... 39 4.4 Numerical Simulation of the 2609 Rail Gateway Support Scheme.......................42 4.5 Chapter Summary...................................................................................................47 5 Industrial Test..........................................................................................................48 VII 5.1 The Engineering Situation......................................................................................48 5.2 The Supporting Parameters....................................................................................49 5.3 The Mine Pressure Observation.............................................................................51 5.4 Economic and Social BenefitAnalysis.................................................................. 57 5.5 Chapter Summary...................................................................................................58 6 Conclusions..............................................................................................................59 References................................................................................................................... 61 Author’s Resume........................................................................................................65 Declaration of Thesis Originality..............................................................................66 Thesis Data Collection................................................................................................67 VIII 图清单图清单 图序号图名称页码 图 1-1研究路线图9 Figure 1-1Research route map9 图 2-1 煤样测试试件11 Figure 2-1The compressive strength test samples 11 图 2-2 岩样测试试件11 Figure 2-2 The shear strength test samples11 图 2-3 MTS815.02 电液伺服岩石力学试验系统11 Figure 2-3 MTS electro-hydraulic test system11 图 2-4 MTS 系统岩（煤）三轴实验过程11 Figure 2-4 The test process 11 图 2-5 试样抗拉强度测试设备11 Figure 2-5 Equipment of tensile strength test11 图 2-6 试样抗剪强度测试设备11 Figure 2-6 Equipment of shear strength test 11 图 2-7 劈裂法实验图 12 Figure 2-7 The test of rock split12 图 2-8 岩石崩解试验16 Figure 2-8 The sample disintegration test16 图 2-9 1样品的 X-射线衍射定性分析图谱18 Figure 2-9 X-ray qualitative analysis of 118 图 2-10 2样品的 X-射线衍射定性分析图谱18 Figure 2-10 X-ray qualitative analysis of 2 18 图 3-1 巷道与钻孔卸压区域叠加示意图22 Figure 3-1 Distressed superposition schematic diagram of the roadway and drilling22 图 3-2 钻孔卸压示意图22 Figure 3-2 Schematic diagram of drilling pressure relief22 图 3-3 钻孔模型示意图23 Figure 3-3 Schematic diagram of the drilling model 23 图 3-4 数值计算模型26 Figure 3-4 Numerical calculation model26 IX 图 3-5 模型边界条件26 Figure 3-5 Model boundary condition26 图 3-6 钻孔布置方式示意图 27 Figure 3-6 Schematic diagram of