正断层区域矿震及冲击危险规律研究.pdf

“十二五”国家科技支撑计划资助课题（2012BAK09B01） 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51104150） 中国博士后科学基金第四批特别资助项目（201104609） 江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目（PAPD，SZBF2011-6-B35） 硕士学位论文 正断层区域矿震及冲击危险规律研究 Study on the Law of Mine Tremor and Rockburst Hazard around Normal Fault 作 者王有勇 导 师牟宗龙教授 中国矿业大学 二○一五年五月 万方数据 中图分类号 TD324 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 正断层区域矿震及冲击危险规律研究 Study on the Law of Mine Tremor and Rockburst Hazard around Normal Fault 作 者 王有勇 导 师 牟宗龙 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 矿山压力 答辩委员会主席 王旭锋 评 阅 人 曹安业 何岗 二〇一五年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰写的学 位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一，学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位论文的 部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电子版，可以使 用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和科研目的，学校档案 馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书馆等场所或在校园网上供校 内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 论文审阅认定书论文审阅认定书 研究生 王有勇 在规定的学习年限内，按照研究生培养方案的要求， 完成了研究生课程的学习，成绩合格；在我的指导下完成本学位论文,经审 阅，论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同，论文撰写格式符合学 校的相关规定，同意将本论文作为学位申请论文送专家评审。 导师签字 年 月 日 万方数据 致谢致谢 三年的硕士学习，特别感谢我的导师牟宗龙教授，不仅传授我扎实的专业知识、研 究问题的方法，并经常带我到现场学习，积累了丰富的实践经验，而且在生活上也给予 我极大地关心和资助。 导师扎实的专业知识、 严谨的治学态度以及为人谦逊的处事风格， 都潜移默化的影响着我，是我一生受用不尽的财富，这些对我以后的工作学习都将产生 深远的影响。而本论文的撰写，更是得到了导师的悉心指导，从论文的选题，数据分析 以及最后的组织材料成文，无不浸透着导师的心血和汗水。值此论文完成之际，衷心向 我的恩师牟宗龙教授致以崇高的敬意。 论文能够顺利完成还要感谢冲击矿压课题组老师以及师兄、师弟们的帮助，忠心感 谢窦林名教授、曹安业副教授、巩思园副研究员、贺虎讲师、何江讲师在论文结构上给 予的指导，感谢蔡武博士、李振雷博士、丁言露博士、朱广安博士、刘阳硕士、苏振国 硕士在论文写作过程中给予的建议及相关资料， 感谢李腾硕士、 包洋硕士、 杜俊留硕士、 在资料收集、数据分析方面做出的工作和提供的帮助。三年的学习和生活弥足珍贵，点 点滴滴，此生难忘，在此向他们表示由衷的感谢。 感谢矿业工程学院、煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室、采矿系的各位老师、领 导无微不至的关怀和指导。 感谢赵楼煤矿的各位领导、防冲科技术人员及现场数据监测、收集人员，感谢他们 在论文完成过程中给予的大力支持；在作者进行课题研究和论文撰写过程中，他们的辛 勤工作为本论文提供了许多宝贵的现场资料与数据。 感谢所有帮助、 关心和支持我的同学和朋友们， 你们的友谊是我今生最宝贵的财富 最后，向百忙之中审阅本文和参加论文答辩的各位专家、教授致谢，并恳请指正 万方数据 I 摘要摘要 深井工作面过断层开采过程中，研究断层区域覆岩运动特征和矿震分布规律对断层 附近冲击矿压的防治意义重大。工作面断层区域应力集中程度高，断层区域覆岩断裂诱 发高能量矿震极易导致冲击矿压动力灾害的发生，因此，根据矿压理论分析了断层区域 顶板受力情况，研究了工作面断层附近覆岩动静载组合诱冲原理。数值模拟分析了工作 面接近断层、远离断层过程中工作面超前支承压力分布情况。同时研究了工作面断层区 域的微震事件能量、频次规律，覆岩破断诱发强矿震分布规律。最后研究了工作面过断 层开采冲击矿压危险监测、预防与治理的综合体系。 通过分析工作面断层附近高静载原因，以及影响工作面的动载来源，解释了断层附 近冲击矿压多发的原因。 1304 工作面前方煤柱所受静载主要来自上覆岩层自重应力、 工 作面超前支承压力以及上覆岩层回转形成的压力。工作面回采过程中的动载主要是由工 作面上覆岩层破断释放的能量传递到回采工作面引起的。 利用 FLAC3D数值软件，模拟分析了工作面回采不同距离时工作面前方超前支承压 力峰值大小及分布规律，模拟表明工作面起始回采阶段，随着工作面推进距离的增加， 超前支承压力峰值逐渐上升到一稳定值，之后随着工作面回采接近断层，超前支承压力 峰值又逐渐增加，工作面远离断层时，超前支承压力峰值又逐渐减小。 通过分析 1304 工作面回采至断层附近时矿震能量、峰值频率及震源定位的变化， 总结了强矿震发生前的前兆规律，强矿压显现发生前，矿震频次往往处于较低水平。矿 震频率由高转低，且矿震能量处于低状态，是工作面围岩中大能量矿震酝酿的征兆。工 作面每日矿震能量释放在高位基础上持续上升，这也是工作面大能量矿震发生的前兆。 以赵楼煤矿 1304 工作面过断层开采为现场背景，进行冲击矿压危险性评价与危险 区域划分，在此基础上建立完整的冲击危险监测与预测预报技术体系，保证了工作面的 安全回采，取得了良好的社会经济效益。 该论文有图 79 幅，表 7 个，参考文献 63 篇。 关键词关键词采矿工程；微震效应；动静载；防冲体系；冲击矿压 万方数据 III Abstract It is significant to study the characteristics of overlying strata movement in fault zone, mine seismic distribution law and rock burst control near the fault when the working face is through fault. With high stress concentration in fault area of working face, high-energy mine seismicity induced by overlying strata fracture in the fault area can easily lead to the occurrence of rock burst dynamic disasters. So, according to the mechanism of induced rock burst by overlying strata fracture in the fault area of working face, the roof stress condition in fault area is analyzed by mine pressure theory .The overlying strata near the fault of working face dynamic and static combination inducing rock burst principle is studied. The stress distribution ahead of the working face during the working face draws close to the fault and go away it are analyzed though numerical simulation. At the same time, micro seismic events energy, frequency law, strong mine seismic distribution law induced by overlying strata breaking are also studied. Finally, the rock burst hazard monitoring, prevention and control integrated system during the mining process through faults is proposed. The reason why the frequency of rock burst incidents occurring in the fault region is high is explained by analyzing the sources of high static load and dynamic load in the working face. The static load on the coal pillar before 1304 working face mainly comes from gravity stress of overlying strata, lead abutment pressure and stress ed by the rotation of overlying strata. The dynamic load mainly comes from energy delivered to working face produced by the broken of overlying strata. The law of maximum stress and its distribution ahead of working face with various mining distances is stimulated using FLAC3D software. Results of simulations by FLAC3D software show that in the initial stage of mining, maximum value of stress ahead of working face increases as the distance of mining increases to a stable value, then as working face draws close to fault, maximum value of stress ahead of working face increases. When working face leaves away from fault, maximum value of stress ahead of working face decreases. The sign of strong mine tremor is concluded by analyzing tremor energy and frequency and location in the area near the fault. Mine seismic frequency is at a low level before strong mine pressure. Mine seismic frequency decreases from a high level to a low level is a sign of energy accumulating in the rock around working face. Daily energy released by mine seismic at a high level and increasing constantly is also a sign of strong mine pressure. The rock burst risk assessment and hazard zones division is on the background of 1304 万方数据 IV working face of Zhaolou Mine through fault, on the basis of which a complete rock burst hazard monitoring and forecasting technical system is established. Safe mining of working face is guaranteed and great social and economic benefits are achieved. Keywords mining engineering; microseismic effect; dynamic and static load; prevention system; rock-burst 万方数据 V 目录目录 摘要摘要 ............................................................................................................................................ I 目录目录 ........................................................................................................................................... V 图清单图清单 ...................................................................................................................................... IX 表清单表清单 .................................................................................................................................... XV 1 绪论绪论 ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 研究意义 ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 研究现状 ............................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 断层活化研究现状 ............................................................................................................. 5 1.4 主要研究内容 ..................................................................................................................... 6 2 工作面断层附近动静载分析工作面断层附近动静载分析 ................................................................................................ 8 2.1 引言 ..................................................................................................................................... 8 2.2 1304 工作面地质条件 ......................................................................................................... 8 2.3 1304 工作面静载应力场分析 ........................................................................................... 10 2.4 1304 工作面动载应力场分析 ........................................................................................... 11 2.5 小结 ................................................................................................................................... 12 3 工作面回采应力分布数值模拟工作面回采应力分布数值模拟 .......................................................................................... 13 3.1 引言 ................................................................................................................................... 13 3.2 建立模型 ........................................................................................................................... 13 3.3 模拟结果分析 ................................................................................................................... 13 3.4 小结 ................................................................................................................................... 24 4 工作面断层区域矿震规律研究工作面断层区域矿震规律研究 .......................................................................................... 25 4.1 引言 ................................................................................................................................... 25 4.2 1304 工作面矿震能量频次演化规律 ............................................................................... 25 4.3 1304 工作面矿震空间演化规律 ...................................................................................... 32 4.4 小结 ................................................................................................................................... 40 5 工作面过断层开采冲击矿压防治实践工作面过断层开采冲击矿压防治实践 .............................................................................. 42 5.1 引言 ................................................................................................................................... 42 5.2 1304 工作面冲击矿压监测 ............................................................................................... 42 5.3 1304 工作面冲击矿压防治措施 ....................................................................................... 46 万方数据 VI 5.4 1304 工作面冲击矿压防治效果检验 ............................................................................... 48 5.5 小结 ................................................................................................................................... 52 6 主要结论主要结论 .............................................................................................................................. 53 参考文献参考文献 .................................................................................................................................. 55 作者简历作者简历 .................................................................................................................................. 59 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 .............................................................................................................. 61 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ...................................................................................................................... 63 万方数据 VII Contents Abstract .................................................................................................................................. III Contents ................................................................................................................................. VII List of Figures ......................................................................................................................... IX List of Tables ....................................................................................................................... XIII List of Variables .................................................................................................................... XV 1 Prefect ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Significance .......................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Present Research ................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Present Research of Fault ................................................................................................... 5 1.4 Main Research Objectives and Approaches ......................................................................... 6 2 Analysis of Dynamic and Static Loads in Fault Region in Working Face ........................ 8 2.1 Foreword .............................................................................................................................. 8 2.2 Profiles of 1304 Working Face ............................................................................................. 8 2.3 Static Loads of 1304 Working Face ................................................................................... 10 2.4 Dynamic Loads of 1304 Working Face .............................................................................. 11 2.5 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 12 3 Numerical Simulation of Stress during Mining ................................................................ 13 3.1 Forword .............................................................................................................................. 13 3.2 Build Model ........................................................................................................................ 13 3.3 Simulation Results Analysis ............................................................................................... 13 3.4 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 24 4 Law of Tremors in Fault Area ............................................................................................ 25 4.1 Forword .............................................................................................................................. 25 4.2 Law of Tremor Energy and Frenquency in 1304 Working Face ........................................ 25 4.3 Law of Space Evolution in 1304 Working Face ................................................................. 32 4.4 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 40 5 Prevention and Cure Measures of Rock Burst in Fault Area .......................................... 42 5.1 Foreword ............................................................................................................................ 42 5.2 Rock Burst Monitoring in 1304 Working Face .................................................................. 42 万方数据 VIII 5.3 Prevention and Cure s of Rock Burst Hazard in 1304 Working Face ................... 46 5.4 Effects of Prevention and Cure s for Rock Burst Hazard in 1304 Working Face.. 48 5.5 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 52 6 Main Conclusions ..