覆岩主关键层对超前支承压力的影响规律研究.pdf

硕士学位论文 覆岩主关键层对超前支承压力 的影响规律研究 Study on the Effect of the Main Key Stratum on the Abutment Pressure 作 者郭杰凯 导 师许家林 教授 中国矿业大学 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51204160） “十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目（2012BAK04B06） 万方数据 中图分类号 TD323 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 覆岩主关键层对超前支承压力的影响规律研究 Study on the Effect of the Main Key Stratum on the Abutment Pressure 作 者 郭杰凯 导 师 许家林 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 矿业工程 研究方向 岩层控制与绿色开采 答辩委员会主席 曹胜根 评 阅 人 谢建林 金洪伟 二○一五年五月 二○一五年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明 学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 作者签名 导师签名 2015 年 月 日 2015 年 月 日 万方数据 论文审阅认定书论文审阅认定书 研究生郭杰凯在规定的学习年限内， 按照研究生培养方案的要求， 完成了研究生课程的学习， 成绩合格； 在我的指导下完成本学位论文, 经审阅，论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同，论文撰写格 式符合学校的相关规定， 同意将本论文作为学位申请论文送专家评审。 导师签字 年 月 日 万方数据 致致 谢谢 本文是在导师许家林教授的精心指导下完成的，从论文选题、思路形成到最 后成文的整个过程中，每一步都凝结着导师的智慧和心血。许老师优秀的做人品 质，严谨的治学态度，开拓创新的精神，高屋建瓴把握全局的能力，忘我的工作 精神给学生树立起潜移默化的典范作用，不仅传授给了学生终生受益的知识，还 培养了学生正确的学习方法和积极的工作、生活态度。此外，导师还在生活上给 予了学生无微不至的关怀和爱护，在此，谨向导师许家林教授致以深深的敬意和 衷心的感谢 在论文完成过程中得到了谢建林老师、朱卫兵老师、王晓振老师、鞠金峰老 师和秦伟老师的热心指导和帮助，也得到了轩大洋博士、汪锋博士，何昌春、李 竹等硕士研究生的帮助，在此向他们表示衷心的感谢 感谢培养和教育我的母校中国矿业大学，感谢所有培养教育过的老师。 感谢和我在一起生活的各位同学，他们都曾给予我很多帮助，和他们在一起 也使我快乐地度过了这段学习时光。 感谢所有曾给予我帮助的老师和同学 最后，感谢各位专家、教授在百忙之中评审本论文，由于水平有限，文中定 有许多错误和疏漏之处，热切希望得到您们的指教。 郭杰凯 二〇一五年五月 万方数据 II 摘摘 要要 超前支承压力分布对工作面巷道超前支护、煤与瓦斯突出与冲击地压等煤矿工程问 题都将产生直接的影响，为了掌握工作面超前支承压力的分布规律，本文综合运用数值 模拟、 理论计算、 数学分析等方法， 研究了主关键层对工作面超前支承压力的影响特征， 并得出了其影响程度的评价指标，建立力学模型分析了其影响机理，研究了主关键层对 工作面超前支承压力的影响随其厚度与层位的变化规律，得出了主关键层对工作面超前 支承压力产生影响的条件并建立了相应的预测模型，最后结合淮北海孜煤矿进行了应用， 取得了以下成果 （1）通过 UDEC 模拟得出，主关键层影响下，支承压力峰值集中系数减小，超前 影响范围增加，支承压力在峰值之后的衰减速度变慢。选择平均绝对离差作为主关键层 影响程度的评价指标， 定义该指标达到 0.05 为主关键层对支承压力有影响的标准。 采宽 小于临界采宽时，主关键层对超前支承压力无影响；随采宽增加，影响程度逐渐增加， 主关键层初次破断前影响程度达到最大值；之后其影响程度随主关键层的周期性破断而 波动。 （2）借助弹性力学中的弹性地基梁与楔形体力学计算模型求解了主关键层传递至 煤层的应力，研究得出主关键层影响支承压力的机理为主关键层的抗弯刚度较大，采 宽相同时支点处的下沉量小于软岩，而发生挠曲的范围大于软岩，导致主关键层对下方 岩体的载荷传递至煤层后表现出上述特征。 （3）通过数值模拟与理论计算研究了主关键层对支承压力的影响随其层位、厚度 的变化规律其他条件相同时，主关键层距煤层越远、厚度越大，超前支承压力峰值集 中系数越小，超前影响范围越大；主关键层最大影响程度随其厚度增加而增加，随其与 煤层距离增加而减小，当主关键层与煤层距离大于其临界层位后便不再对支承压力产生 影响。 （4）基于数值模拟的结果，采用线性回归的数学分析方法提出了主关键层对支承 压力影响的预测模型，并应用到淮北海孜煤矿Ⅱ102 采区，得出该覆岩条件下最大采动 影响范围达到 294.8m，Ⅱ1026机巷处于Ⅱ1024工作面回采后的应力集中区，解释了Ⅱ1026 机巷发生动力灾害的原因。 该论文有图 48 幅，表 4 个，参考文献 74 篇。 关键词关键词主关键层；支承压力；弹性地基梁；影响范围；影响程度 万方数据 III Abstract Distribution of abutment pressure will have direct influence on coal mine engineering problems, such as working face roadway support in advance, coal and gas outburst and rock burst. In order to obtain the distribution of abutment pressure ahead of working face, numerical simulation, theoretical calculation and mathematical s were used comprehensively. The characteristic of the main key stratum’s influence on the abutment pressure ahead of the working surface was studied, and the assessment indicator of its impact degree was obtained. And the mechanical model was established to analyze the influence mechanism. The variation rules of main key stratum’s influence on the abutment pressure along with its thickness and layers were also studied and the condition that when main key stratum would influence the abutment pressure was obtained, and the corresponding prediction model was established. Finally, the prediction model was applied combined with Haizi coal mine in Huaibei. The following results have been achieved. 1 Through UDEC simulation, it is found that under the influence of the main key stratum, the peak concentration coefficient of abutment pressure decreases, however, the effect scope of the abutment pressure increases, and the abutment pressure decays much more slowly after the peak. The average absolute deviation is selected as the assessment indicator of main key stratum’s impact degree, and it is defined that the indicator reaching 0.05 means main key stratum having influence on the abutment pressure. When mining width is less than the critical mining width, the main key stratum has no effect on the abutment pressure; with the mining width increasing, the influence degree increases gradually and reaches the maximum value before the first breaking of the main key stratum, then fluctuates with the periodic breaking of the main key stratum. 2 Using the mechanics calculation model of elastic foundation beam and wedge of elastic mechanics, the stress of main key stratum transferred to the coal seam is solved. And the mechanism of influence on abutment pressure is that the bending stiffness of the main key stratum is bigger than the soft rock, and the subsidence of pivot point with the same mining width is less than the soft rock, however, the deflection scope is greater than the soft rock, in result, the stress of the main key stratum on the rock below exhibits the characteristics referred to above after transferred to the coal seam. 3 Through numerical simulation and theoretical calculation, the variation rules of the main key stratum’s effect on abutment pressure with its layer and thickness is studied. When the other conditions are the same, the more the main key stratum is far from the coal seam, and the greater the thickness of the main key stratum is, then the smaller the peak 万方数据 IV concentration coefficient of abutment pressure is, and the greater the effect scope is. The maximum degree of the main key stratum’s effect increases with the thickness of the main key stratum, and decreases with the distance to coal seam. When the distance from the main key stratum to coal seam is greater than the critical layer, the main key stratum has no longer influence on the abutment pressure. 4 Based on the results of numerical simulation, the predict model of the main key stratum’s effect on abutment pressure is developed using mathematical analysis of linear regression. With the model applied to the II102 mining area of Haizi coal mine in Huaibei, it is concluded that the effect scope under the overburden rock condition reaches up to 294.8m. In result, II1026 conveyor roadway is in the stress concentration area after II1024 working face was mined. This explains the reason why dynamic disaster occurred at conveyor roadway of II1026 working face. This paper has 48 figures, 4 tables and 74 references totally. Keywords main key stratum; abutment pressure; elastic foundation beam; effect scope; effect degree 万方数据 V 目录目录 摘要摘要 ........................................................................................................................................... II 目录目录 ............................................................................................................................................V 图清单图清单 ...................................................................................................................................... IX 表清单表清单 ................................................................................................................................... XIII 变量注释表变量注释表 ........................................................................................................................... XIV 1 绪论绪论 ......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 问题的提出及研究意义 ..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 研究内容及技术路线 ......................................................................................................... 9 2 主关键层对超前支承压力的影响特征研究主关键层对超前支承压力的影响特征研究........................................................................11 2.1 数值模拟方案 ....................................................................................................................11 2.2 主关键层对超前支承压力影响的概念 ........................................................................... 14 2.3 关键层对超前支承压力影响的特征 ............................................................................... 17 2.4 主关键层对超前支承压力影响程度的评价指标 ........................................................... 22 2.5 主关键层对超前支承压力影响的演化过程与临界采宽 ............................................... 26 2.6 本章小结 ........................................................................................................................... 28 3 主关键层对超前支承压力影响规律的数值模拟研究主关键层对超前支承压力影响规律的数值模拟研究 ...................................................... 29 3.1 不同层位主关键层对超前支承压力的影响规律研究 ................................................... 29 3.2 不同厚度主关键层对超前支承压力的影响规律研究 ................................................... 35 3.3 本章小结 ........................................................................................................................... 40 4 主关键层对超前支承压力影响的力学模型研究主关键层对超前支承压力影响的力学模型研究............................................................... 41 4.1 主关键层对支承压力影响机理的模拟分析 ................................................................... 41 4.2 主关键层对支承压力影响的力学模型建立及求解 ....................................................... 43 4.3 主关键层对支承压力影响机理的理论研究 ................................................................... 48 4.4 不同层位主关键层形成的支承压力 ............................................................................... 52 4.5 不同厚度主关键层形成的支承压力 ............................................................................... 54 4.6 本章小结 ........................................................................................................................... 56 5 主关键层对超前支承压力影响的预测模型与应用主关键层对超前支承压力影响的预测模型与应用........................................................... 57 5.1 主关键层对超前支承压力影响的预测模型 ................................................................... 57 5.2 主关键层影响预测模型的应用 ....................................................................................... 60 万方数据 VI 6 结论与展望结论与展望 ........................................................................................................................... 65 6.1 结论 ................................................................................................................................... 65 6.2 不足与展望 ....................................................................................................................... 67 参考文献参考文献 .................................................................................................................................. 68 作者简历作者简历 .................................................................................................................................. 72 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明.............................................................................................................. 73 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ...................................................................................................................... 74 万方数据 VII Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................... III Contents..................................................................................................................................VII List of Figures ......................................................................................................................... IX List of Tables ........................................................................................................................ XIII List of Variables ................................................................................................................... XIV 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction and Research Meaning .................................................................................... 1 1.2 Research Status at Home and Abroad .................................................................................. 2 1.3 Main Research Contents and s................................................................................. 9 2 Study on the Characteristics of the Main Key Stratum’s Effect on the Abutment Pressure ....................................................................................................................................11 2.1 Numerical Simulation Scheme............................................................................................11 2.2 the Meaning of the Effect of the Main Key Stratum on the Abutment Pressure................ 14 2.3 the Characteristics of the Effect of the Main Key Stratum on the Abutment Pressure ...... 17 2.4 the Assessment Indicator of the Effect Degree of the Main Key Stratum on the Abutment Pressure .................................................................................................................................... 22 2.5 the Evolution of the Effect of the Main Key Stratum on the Abutment Pressure and the Critical Mining Width ............................................................................................................ 26 2.6 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 28 3 Numerical Simulation Study on the Law of the Main Key Stratum’s Effect on the Abutment Pressure ................................................................................................................. 29 3.1 Numerical Simulation Study on the Law of the Main Key Stratum’s Effect of Different layers on the Abutment Pressure .............................................................................................. 29 3.2 Numerical Simulation Study on the Law of the Main Key Stratum’s Effect of Different Thickness on the Abutment Pressure ....................................................................................... 35 3.3 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 40 4 Theoretical Study on the Law of the Main Key Stratum’s Effect on the Abutment Pressure ................................................................................................................................... 41 4.1 Simulation analysis on the mechanism of the Main Key Stratum’s Effect on the Abutment Pressure .................................................................................................................................... 41 4.2 Establishing and Solving the Mechanical Model of the Main Key Stratum’s Effect on the Abutment Pressure .........................................................................