瓦斯爆炸载荷与高应力耦合作用下巷道损伤破坏机制研究.pdf

工程硕士专业学位论文 瓦斯爆炸载荷与瓦斯爆炸载荷与高高应力耦合作用下应力耦合作用下 巷道损伤破坏巷道损伤破坏机制机制研究研究 Research on Roadway Damage Mechanism Under Coupling of Gas Explosion Load and the High Ground Stress 国家自然科学基金面上项目资助（批准号51874293） 国家重点研发计划资助（课题编号2018YFC0807905） 国家自然科学基金重点项目资助（资助号11531010） 作 者 卢细苗 导 师 朱传杰 副教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一九年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所 撰写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一，学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学 位论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版 和电子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为 教学和科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案 馆、图书馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法 规，同意中国国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书）。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 中图分类号 TD712 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 工程硕士专业学位论文 瓦斯爆炸载荷与高应力耦合作用下瓦斯爆炸载荷与高应力耦合作用下 巷道损伤破坏机制研究巷道损伤破坏机制研究 Research on Roadway Damage Mechanism Under Coupling of Gas Explosion Load and High Ground Stress 作 者 卢细苗 导 师 朱传杰 申请学位 工程硕士 培养单位 安全工程学院 学科专业 安全工程 研究方向 气体与粉尘爆炸 答辩委员会主席 李增华 评 阅 人 戚绪尧、翁旭泽 二〇一九年五月 万方数据 致致 谢谢 本文是在尊敬的朱传杰老师的精心指导下完成的，没有朱老师的指导与鼓 励，论文是不可能顺利完成的。朱老师高贵的做人品质，严谨的治学态度，开 拓创新的精神，忘我的工作热情，平易近人的作风给学生树立了潜移默化的典 范作用，这也是导师传授给学生最宝贵的财富。在此，真诚地向导师道一声谢 谢。 衷心感谢中国矿业大学林柏泉老师三年来的关心和帮助。林老师是我在中 国矿业大学求学期间所在团队的学术负责人，他的学术造诣高，同时又为人随 和，总是用极大的耐心和饱满的热情指导大家。正是由于林老师的领导和指引， 团队才形成了浓厚的学术范围，使我能够安心学习和工作。 特别感谢中国矿业大学安全工程学院王恩元院长在霍普金森杆实验方面给 予的无私帮助，没有王院长的帮助，本论文的岩石材料动态性能研究就无法完 成。同时，也特别感谢王恩元院长的硕士研究生鞠云强师弟，他在实验方面给 予了我大量帮助。 感谢课题组的孔佳博士在CT扫描结果分析方面的帮助，任洁师妹、周靖轩 师弟、李永师弟、刘娜师妹、赵鹏远师弟在实验和数值模拟方面的帮助和有益 讨论。同时，还要感谢同一课题组的刘谦老师（龙岩学院） 、郭畅博士、张祥良 博士、高子善硕士、杨凯硕士、李彦君硕士和胡思佳硕士，正是由于你们的陪 伴，使我愉快地度过了三年的研究生学习生涯。 同时，还要感谢实验室杨威老师、李庆钊老师三年来的关怀和指导以及刘 厅博士、刘统博士、郑苑楠博士、赵洋博士在我读研期间给予的热心帮助。 此外，感谢读研期间，安全学院的各位老师、同学以及研究生院的各位老 师给予的热心关怀。 需要特别感谢的是我的父母，父母的养育之恩无以为报，他们是我多年求 学路上的坚强后盾，正是他们在背后默默地奉献，我才能够安心学习，顺利的 完成学业。 最后，向在百忙之中审阅本文的各位专家、教授表示诚挚的谢意 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 煤矿瓦斯爆炸危害极大，可在较短的时间内造成群死群伤。而且一旦发生 事故，爆炸波还会破坏巷道围岩材料及结构，使巷道失效破坏、甚至垮塌，造 成人员被困，进而直接阻碍救援工作的开展，给救援带来极大困难。本文研究 了瓦斯爆炸载荷与地应力耦合作用下巷道损伤破坏效应，综合运用理论分析、 实验研究及数值模拟相结合的方法，研究了巷道围岩材料及其结构的动力响应 及围岩损伤特性，取得创新结果如下 （1）研究了煤岩体材料的静、动态力学性能，揭示了其在高速冲击压缩过 程中的裂隙演化规律及损伤特征。发现与静态压缩不同，动态压缩在曲线回弹 阶段会出现明显的滞回现象；硬度较大的石灰岩的破裂形态表现为径向破坏， 而硬度较小的烟煤试样的破裂形态表现为剪切破坏；此外，研究了冲击载荷与 试样破碎尺度分布特征的关系，发现小尺度试样碎片的分布特征随冲击载荷的 增大而明显。 （2）揭示了瓦斯爆炸载荷与深部高应力耦合作用下巷道围岩的应力演化规 律。发现与浅埋基岩相比，深部煤岩体在瓦斯爆炸载荷和高应力耦合作用下， 围岩内的应力时程曲线呈多波峰特点，巷道围岩先后受到冲击波、压缩波以及 弹性波的作用，对应产生了多个应力波峰、负压区以及明显的应力振荡。在巷 道角隅处应力曲线存在一定的滞留期，且随地应力的增大，滞留周期会减小， 甚至消失。 （3）研究了爆炸载荷和地应力耦合作用下的巷道围岩损伤机制，提出了其 损伤分区划分方法。发现在爆炸载荷和地应力耦合作用下，巷道围岩损伤区大 致呈梯形分布，且损伤范围分为三个区域，即完全损伤区、塑性损伤区和弹性 损伤区。此外，在爆炸载荷与初始应力耦合作用下，巷道顶底板角隅处会出现 应力集中，在水平和竖直方向均呈现出明显的扩张变形，导致巷道在角隅处产 生宏观破坏，而在两帮和顶底板未出现明显的宏观破坏。 （4）发现了爆炸载荷诱发的地应力瞬态卸荷现象，揭示了两者耦合作用下 巷道围岩的损伤规律。瓦斯爆炸造成的瞬态卸荷主要发生在巷道两帮和顶底部 周围小部分区域，且随着侧压系数的增大，巷道两帮围岩塑性损伤范围减小。 研究结果对于丰富和完善高地应力、爆炸载荷和瞬态卸荷耦合作用致灾机 理具有一定的学术价值和科学意义，对指导巷道抗爆设计具有现实意义。另外， 相关研究成果发表论文 2篇，其中 SCI已发表 1篇，EI发表 1篇。 该论文有图 62幅，表 12 个，参考文献 104篇。 关键词关键词瓦斯爆炸；地应力；爆炸超压；瞬态卸荷；动态损坏 万方数据 II Abstract Gas explosions are extremely harmful in coal mines, which can cause lots of deaths and injuries in a short time. Moreover, the blast wave will destroy the roadway and lead to damages or even collapses of the roadway system, which will trap the miners from escaping as a result. The collapse of the roadways will also block the miner’s escape channel, which brings great difficulties to the rescue. In this paper, the roadway damage mechanism under the coupling of the blast load and the ground stress was studied. A combination of theoretical analysis, experiment and numerical simulation was used to study the dynamic response and damage characteristics of the surrounding rock of roadway structures. The main findings are as follow 1 The static and dynamic mechanical properties of coal and rock materials were studied, and the evolution laws and damage characteristics of cracks during compression were revealed. It is found that dynamic compression will appear obvious hysteresis in the springback stage of the curve comparing with static compression. The fracture morphology of limestone was radial failure, and the bituminous coal sample showed shear failure. In addition, the relationship between sample fracture scale distribution characteristics and impact load are studied. It is found that the characteristic distribution of the small-scale fragments is obviously increased with the increase of the impact load. 2 The stress evolution of the surrounding rock of the roadway under the coupling of the blast load and the high stress was revealed. It is found that stress curves of the surrounding rock of the roadway had multiple peaks under the coupling of the blast load and the high stress comparing with a shallow buried rock. There was a retention period in the stress curves of the corners of the roadway. The surrounding rock of the roadway suffered shock wave, compression wave and elastic wave in turn, which generated multiple stress peaks, negative pressure regions and stress oscillation, respectively. Besides, the retention period decreased with the increase of ground stress or even disappeared. 3 The damage mechanism of the surrounding rock under the coupling of the blast load and the ground stress is studied. The damage division was proposed. We found that the damage zone of the surrounding rock had a trapezoidal shape as a result of the coupling of the blast load and the ground stress, which can be divided into three seperated zone the complete damage zone, the plastic damage zone and the elastic damage zone. The surrounding rock expanded to the left and right in the horizontal 万方数据 III direction, and exhibited upward and downward expansion deation in the vertical direction under the coupling of the blast load and the ground stress, which eventually led to macroscopic damages in the corners of the roadway, while there was no obvious macroscopic damages in the two sides and the top floor of the roadway. 4 We found that the blast load could lead to a ground stress transient unloading. The coupling damage laws of the surrounding rock of the roadway was revealed. The transient unloading caused by the gas explosion mainly occurs in a small zone of the two sides, the bottom and the top of the roadway. The plastic damage zone of the surrounding rock of the roadway sides decreased with the increase of the lateral pressure coefficient. The research findings have academic and scientific significances for supplement of the damage mechanism of the coupling of the high ground stress, explosion load and transient unloading, and would contribute to anti-explosion design of roadway. In addition, 2 related papers have been published one indd by SCI, the other indd by EI. There are 62 figures, 12 tables and 104 references in this paper. Keywords Gas explosion; Ground stress; Explosion overpressure; Transient unloading; Dynamic damage 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ............................................................................................................................. I 目目 录录 .......................................................................................................................... IV 图清单图清单 ..................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单 ....................................................................................................................... XII 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................. XIII 1 绪论绪论 ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 研究背景及意义 ..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ..................................................................................................... 2 1.3 研究内容 ................................................................................................................. 5 1.4 研究目标 ................................................................................................................. 6 1.5 总体研究思路 ......................................................................................................... 6 1.6 研究工作进展 ......................................................................................................... 7 2 煤岩体在静态和动态载荷作用下的损伤特征煤岩体在静态和动态载荷作用下的损伤特征 ........................................................ 8 2.1 引言 ......................................................................................................................... 8 2.2 单轴压缩下煤岩体静态力学性能 ......................................................................... 8 2.3 基于霍普金森杆的动态力学性能研究 ............................................................... 18 2.4 动载荷作用下煤岩体材料的表观及内部损伤特征 ........................................... 28 2.5 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 36 3 动静载荷耦合作用下巷道结构动力响应特征动静载荷耦合作用下巷道结构动力响应特征 ...................................................... 38 3.1 引言 ....................................................................................................................... 38 3.2 数值模型及方法 ................................................................................................... 39 3.3 巷道结构的动力响应分析 ................................................................................... 46 3.4 初始应力对巷道结构响应的影响 ....................................................................... 49 3.5 不同爆炸载荷对巷道结构的影响 ....................................................................... 54 3.6 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 55 4 爆炸载荷诱发的地应力瞬态卸荷对围岩损伤的影响爆炸载荷诱发的地应力瞬态卸荷对围岩损伤的影响 .......................................... 57 4.1 引言 ....................................................................................................................... 57 4.2 动力扰动下围岩卸荷理论 ................................................................................... 57 4.3 爆炸载荷与地应力瞬态卸荷耦合作用模型 ....................................................... 61 4.4 爆炸载荷诱发的围岩二次应力场分布特征 ....................................................... 62 4.5 地应力瞬态卸荷诱发的围岩损伤特征 ............................................................... 64 万方数据 V 4.6 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 68 5 结论与展望结论与展望 .............................................................................................................. 70 5.1 主要结论 ............................................................................................................... 70 5.2 创新点 ................................................................................................................... 71 5.3 研究展望 ............................................................................................................... 71 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 72 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 79 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 .............................................................................................. 80 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 81 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II Contents ..................................................................................................................... VI List of Figures ......................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables ............................................................................................................ XII List of Symbols ....................................................................................................... XIII 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Background and Significance................................................................... 1 1.2 Review ..................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Main Contents .......................................................................................................... 5 1.4 Research Goal .......................................................................................................... 6 1.5 General Ideas ........................................................................................................... 6 1.6 Research Progress .................................................................................................... 7 2 Damage Characteristics of Coal and Rock Under Dynamic and Static Loads ... 8 2.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 8 2.2 Static Mechanical Properties of Coal and Rock Under Uniaxial Compression....... 8 2.3 Experimental Study on Dynamic Mechanical Properties Based on the Hopkinson ..................................................................................................................................... 18 2.4 Surface and Internal Damage Characteristics of Coal and Rock Mass Under Dynamic Load .............................................................................................................. 28 2.5 Concluding Remarks .............................................................................................. 36 3 Structure Dynamic Response Under the Coupling of Dynamic and Static Loads ..................................................................................................................................... 38 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 38 3.2 Numerical Models and s ............................................................................ 39 3.3 Dynamic Response of Roadway Structure ............................................................ 46 3.4 Influence of Initial Stress on Roadway Structure Response .................................. 49 3.5 Influence of Different Explosion Loads on Roadway Structure ............................ 54 3.6 Summary ................................................................................................................ 55 4 Damage Characteristics of Roadway Surrounding Rock Caused by Transient Unloading of Ground Stress Under Blast Load Disturbance ..