浅埋煤层开采双巷布置煤柱上覆岩层结构分析与合理宽度研究.pdf

江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目（PAPD） 硕士学位论文 浅埋煤层开采双巷布置煤柱上覆岩层结构 分析与合理宽度研究 Overburden Strata StructuralAnalysis and Reasonable Width Study of Coal Pillar in Double Roadway layout in Shallow Coal Seam 作者赵宝福 导师徐营 副教授 中国矿业大学 二○一九年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书）。 作者签名导师签名 年月日年月日 万方数据 中图分类号TD353学校代码10290 UDC622密级公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 浅埋煤层开采双巷布置煤柱上覆岩层结构分 析与合理宽度研究 Overburden Strata StructuralAnalysis and Reasonable Width Study of Coal Pillar in Double Roadway layout in Shallow Coal Seam 作者赵宝福导师徐营 申请学位工学硕士培养单位矿业工程学院 学科专业采矿工程研究方向 岩体力学与岩层控制 答辩委员会主席王旭锋评 阅 人盲评 二○一九年五月 万方数据 致致谢谢 三年的研究生学习生活即将划上一个句号， 而于我的人生来说却仅仅只是一 个逗号，我将面对新的征程的开始。本论文是在导师徐营副教授的悉心指导下完 成的，几年来，无论是在学习上还是在生活上导师都给了我无微不至的关怀。从 论文的选题、结构的设计、相关实验的开展以及论文的修改，徐老师都倾注了大 量的心血，为我的论文完成创造了良好的条件，对此，学生衷心感谢徐老师优 秀的做人品格、深厚的学术造诣、严谨求实的治学态度、质朴谦和的学者风范、 高度的责任心以及忘我的工作精神都是我终生学习的榜样，有幸师从其三年，各 方面的学习收获都将对我今后的工作和生活产生深远积极的影响，在此，再次向 徐老师表示衷心的感谢并致以崇高的敬意 感谢柏建彪教授、王襄禹老师、陈勇老师、闫帅老师在学习和生活等各个方 面给予的关心与帮助，感谢吴文达博士在学习生活中提供的指导和帮助，感谢高 国强、曹启正师兄在数值模拟实验中提供的指导。 感谢同窗，特别感谢张涛硕士、王瑞硕士、燕晓东硕士、孙峰硕士、周谢康 硕士等在研究生期间给予的学术和生活上的帮助与支持。 感谢所有给予我关心的老师和同学。 感谢父母养育之恩，感谢我的两位姐姐，正是他们的支持与鼓励才让我能够 顺利完成学业。 最后，感谢各位专家和教授在百忙之中评审本文，并期待得到更多的指导和 启迪。 赵宝福 2019 年 05 月 20 日 万方数据 I 摘摘要要 我国西部地区浅埋煤层主要采用双巷布置留设宽煤柱（大于 20m 小于 30m） 护巷的方式，宽煤柱在保证安全回采的同时造成了煤炭资源的大量浪费，如何确 定煤柱的合理宽度是亟需解决的问题， 解决问题的决定性因素是对煤柱上方覆岩 结构的分析研究。本文以浅埋煤层煤柱及其上覆岩层结构为研究对象，结合冯家 塔煤矿的工程实践，采用理论分析、数值模拟以及现场实测等方法，分析了浅埋 煤层开采后煤柱上覆岩层空间结构，研究了护巷煤柱的合理宽度。主要研究成果 如下 （1）基于关键层判别理论，确定了冯家塔 3203 工作面附近的覆岩主关键层 以及亚关键层。基于砌体梁“S-R”稳定理论，对冯家塔煤矿 3203 工作面上覆基 岩结构失稳进行判别，亚关键层基岩结构不会发生回转失稳，发生滑落失稳，主 关键层基岩不发生回转失稳形成稳定的砌体梁结构， 煤柱上方覆岩结构空间形成 了小“F”结构。浅埋煤层开采后，基于上覆岩层空间结构对煤柱稳定性的主要 影响因素，将其分为主关键层悬臂梁结构（大“F”结构）和多层顶板组合“悬 臂-铰接梁”结构（小“F”结构），并采用数值模拟的方法，研究了这两种结构 对煤层底板和煤柱内应力分布规律以及顶板移动规律。 （2）通过分析顶板悬臂梁结构（大“F”结构）的力学模型，得出浅埋煤层 顶板厚度越小，形成顶板悬臂梁结构的延伸长度越短，顶板上覆载荷越小，由顶 板传递至煤柱的载荷就越小， 煤柱内应力集中现象越不明显， 煤柱的稳定性越好， 越有利于回采巷道的维护。分析了多层顶板“悬臂-铰接梁”（小“F”结构）之 间的力学关系，推导了煤柱保持稳定所需承受支承载荷的计算公式，得出煤柱内 控制上覆岩层的支承应力主要包括三个部分（a）煤柱上方形成悬臂梁直接顶 岩层的块体重量；（b）煤柱上覆岩层各个分层间的作用力；（c）顶板关键层块 体之间由于相互挤压与摩擦产生的相互作用力。 （3）基于煤柱上方多层“悬臂-铰接梁”结构力学模型，通过计算得到冯家 塔 3203 工作面煤柱内控制上覆岩层的支承应力为 6.21MPa，得出煤柱宽度大于 等于 7.82m。根据对煤柱上覆岩层空间结构的分析，在数值计算模型关键层与其 下部相邻岩层间建立了节理面，改进了传统的数值计算模型，使其更贴近工程实 践。采用数值模拟计算的方法，分析了在双巷掘进期间、一次采动期间以及二次 采动期间的煤柱稳定性、回采巷道围岩应力分布规律以及弹塑性区分布规律，得 出了煤柱合理宽度应为 12.5m。 （4）以冯家塔煤矿 3203 工作面为地质背景，进行了工业性试验。基于改进 后的数值计算模型，采用数值模拟的方法，分析了 3203 工作面辅运巷与运输巷 万方数据 II 的支护参数对巷道围岩的控制效果，确定了最终支护方案。对 3203 辅运巷以及 3203 运输巷进行了监测，并对锚杆液压枕监测数据、测力锚杆监测数据、巷道 围岩监测数据以及钻孔窥视数据进行了分析研究，结果表明，基于本文研究成果 所确定的煤柱宽度可以保证工作面安全高效的回采， 对其他相似地质条件煤柱的 确定具有指导作用。 该论文共有图 70 幅，表 17 个，参考文献 94 篇。 关键词关键词覆岩结构；煤柱宽度；关键层；控制机理 万方数据 III Abstract In the shallow seam of Western China, double roadways with wide pillars greater than 20 m and less than 30 m are adopted to protect roadways. Wide pillars cause a great waste of coal resources while ensuring safe mining. How to determine the reasonable width of coal pillars is an urgent problem to be solved. The decisive factor to solve the problem is the analysis and study of the overburden rock structure above the pillars.In this paper, the structure of coal pillar and its overlying strata in shallow coal seam is taken as the research object. Combining with the engineering practice of Fengjiata Coal Mine, the spatial structure of coal pillar overlying strata after shallow coal seam mining is analyzed by means of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field measurement, and the reasonable width of coal pillar for roadway protection is studied. The main research results are as follows 1Based on the discriminant theory of key strata, the main key strata and sub-key strata of overlying strata near Fengjiata 3203 working face are determined. Based on the “S-R“ stability theory of masonry beam, the structural instability of overburden bedrock in 3203 working face of Fengjiata Coal Mine is discriminated. Subcritical bedrock structure will not rotate instability and slide instability. The main key bedrock will not rotate instability to a stable masonry beam structure, and the space of overburden structure over coal pillar will a small “F“ structure. After shallow seam mining, according to the main influencing factors of spatial structure of overlying strata on coal pillars, it is divided into the main key strata cantileverbeamstructurelarge“F“structureandmulti-roofcombination “cantilever-articulated beam“ structure small “F“ structure. The stress distribution law and roof movement of these two structures on coal seam floor and coal pillar are studied by numerical simulation . Law. 2 By analyzing the mechanical model of roof cantilever beam structure large “F“ structure, it is concluded that the smaller the roof thickness of shallow seam, the shorter the extension length of roof cantilever beam structure and the smaller the overlying load of roof, the smaller the load transferred from roof to coal pillar, the less obvious the phenomenon of stress concentration in coal pillar, the better the stability of coal pillar, and the better the maintenance of mining roadway.The mechanical relationship between “cantilever-articulated beam“ small “F“ structure of multi-layer roof is analyzed, and the calculation ula of supporting load required to maintain 万方数据 IV the stability of coal pillar is deduced. It is concluded that the supporting stress of controlling overburden strata in coal pillar mainly consists of three parts a the weight of the block that s the cantilever beam directly overburden strata above the coal pillar; b the interaction force between overburden strata of coal pillar. c The interaction force between the key strata of roof due to mutual extrusion and friction. 3 Based on the multi-layer “cantilever-articulated beam“ structural mechanics model above the coal pillar, the support stress of the overlying strata in the coal pillar of Fengjiata 3203 working face is calculated to be 6.21 MPa, and the width of the coal pillar is greater than or equal to 7.82 M. Based on the analysis of spatial structure of overburden strata on coal pillars, the joint surface between key strata and adjacent strata below the numerical calculation model is established, which improves the traditional numerical calculation model and makes it closer to engineering practice. By means of numerical simulation, the stability of coal pillars, the stress distribution law of surrounding rock and the elastic-plastic zone distribution law during double roadway excavation, primary mining and secondary mining are analyzed, and the reasonable width of coal pillars should be 12.5m is obtained. 4 Taking 3203 working face of Fengjiata Coal Mine as geological background, industrial test was carried out. Based on the improved numerical calculation model and using the numerical simulation , the control effect of supporting parameters of auxiliary haulage roadway and haulage roadway in 3203 working face on the surrounding rock of roadway is analyzed, and the final supporting scheme is determined. The monitoring data of 3203 auxiliary haulage roadway and 3203 haulage roadway are monitored, and the monitoring data of bolt hydraulic pillow, force-measuring bolt, surrounding rock of roadway and borehole peep data are analyzed and studied. The results show that the coal pillar width determined based on the research results in this paper can ensure the safe and efficient mining of the working face, and has a guiding role in the determination of coal pillars in other similar geological conditions. Totally, 70 Figures, 17 Tables, and 94 References were presented in this dissertation. KeywordsOverburdenstructure;Widthofpillar;Keystratum;Control mechanism 万方数据 V 目录目录 摘摘要要............................................................................................................................I I 目录目录................................................................................................................................V V 图清单图清单..........................................................................................................................IXIX 表清单表清单........................................................................................................................XIVXIV 变量注释表变量注释表................................................................................................................XVIXVI 1 1 绪论绪论............................................................................................................................1 1 1.1 研究背景................................................................................................................1 1.2 研究现状概述........................................................................................................3 1.3 研究内容与方法....................................................................................................6 2 2 浅埋煤层回采煤柱覆岩运动规律研究浅埋煤层回采煤柱覆岩运动规律研究....................................................................8 8 2.1 冯家塔煤矿煤层开采覆岩结构............................................................................8 2.2 浅埋工作面回采煤柱上覆岩层结构..................................................................20 2.3 本章小结..............................................................................................................29 3 3 浅埋煤层煤柱稳定性机理分析浅埋煤层煤柱稳定性机理分析..............................................................................3131 3.1 浅埋工作面开采扰动特点..................................................................................31 3.2 坚硬顶板悬臂梁结构力学分析..........................................................................33 3.3 多层顶板组合“悬臂-铰接梁”结构力学分析................................................41 3.4 本章小结..............................................................................................................47 4 4 浅埋煤层开采合理煤柱宽度的确定浅埋煤层开采合理煤柱宽度的确定......................................................................4848 4.1 基于煤柱稳定性的合理煤柱宽度分析..............................................................48 4.2 基于巷道围岩变形量的合理煤柱宽度分析......................................................50 4.3 本章小结..............................................................................................................66 5 5 工业性实验工业性实验..............................................................................................................6767 5.1 支护方案确定......................................................................................................67 5.2 试验巷道矿压监测及效果分析..........................................................................74 5.3 本章小结..............................................................................................................80 6 6 结论结论..........................................................................................................................8181 参考文献参考文献......................................................................................................................8383 万方数据 VI 作者简历作者简历......................................................................................................................9090 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明..................................................................................................9191 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集..........................................................................................................9292 万方数据 VII Contents Abstract...................................................................................................................... III Contents........................................................................................................................V List of Figures.............................................................................................................IX List of Tables............................................................................................................XIV List of Variables.......................................................................................................XVI 1 Introduction...............................................................................................................1 1.1 Research Background...............................................................................................1 1.2ASummary of Research Status................................................................................3 1.3 Contents and s of Research..........................................................................6 2 Study on Overburden Movement Law of Mining Pillar in Shallow Seam.......... 8 2.1 Overburden Structure of Coal Seam Mining in Fengjiata Coal Mine......................8 2.2 Overburden Stratum Structure of Mining Pillar in Shallow Working Face...........20 2.3 Brief Summary.......................................................................................................29 3 Stability MechanismAnalysis of Coal Pillar in Shallow Seam........................... 31 3.1 Disturbance Characteristics of Shallow Mining Face............................................31 3.2 Structural Mechanics Analysis of Cantilever Beam with Hard Roof.....................33 3.3StructuralMechanicsAnalysisofMultilayerRoofComposite “Cantilever-Articulated Beam“.................................................................................... 41 3.4 Brief Summary.......................................................................................................47 4 Determination of Reasonable Pillar Width in Shallow Seam Mining................48 4.1Analysis of Reasonable Coal Pillar Width Based on Coal Pillar Stability.............48 4.2 Analysis of Reasonable Coal Pillar Width Based on Deation of Surrounding Rock of Roadway.........................................................................................................50 4.3 Brief Summary.......................................................................................................66 5 Industrial Experiment.............................................................................................67 5.1 Determination of Support Scheme.........................................................................67 5.2 Rock Pressure Monitoring and Effect Analysis of Test Roadway..........................74 5.3 Brief Summary.......................................................................................................80 6 Conclusions..............................................................................................................81 万方数据 VIII References................................................................................................................... 83 Author Resume...........................................................................................................90 Declaration of Thesis Originality..............................................................................91 Dissertation Date Collection.........