煤层合并区应力分布与冲击地压防治技术研究与应用.pdf

工程硕士专业学位论文 煤层合并区应力分布与冲击地压防治技术研究 与应用 Research and Application of Stress Distribution and Rockburst Prevention Technology in Coal Seam Consolidation Area 作 者徐跃强 导 师贺 虎 副教授 校外导师罗武贤 高级工程师 中国矿业大学 二〇一九年六月 国家重点研发计划资助项目（2016YFC0801403） 国家自然科学基金重点资助项目（51634001） 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51874292） 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰写的学 位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位论文的 部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电子版，可以使 用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和科研目的，学校档案 馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、 图书馆等场所或在校园网上供校 内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 中图分类号 TD324 学校代码 10290 UDC 550 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 工程硕士专业学位论文 煤层合并区应力分布与冲击地压防治技术研究与 应用 Research and Application of Stress Distribution and Rockburst Prevention Technology in Coal Seam Consolidation Area 作 者 徐跃强 导 师 贺虎 副教授 申请学位 工程硕士 培养单位 资源与地球科学学院 学科专业 地质工程 研究方向 煤矿工程地质 答辩委员会主席 董青红 评 阅 人 二○一九年六月 万方数据 致谢致谢 时间仿佛从指尖流过的细沙，在不经意间悄然滑落。回首研究生这两年工作与学 习，不禁感叹时间如白驹过隙般飘然而逝。一路走来感慨颇多，收获颇多。人生有许 多关键点，人生也有许多人许多感谢要铭记于心。 在此，首先我要向我的导师贺虎副教授表达崇高的敬意和感谢。师者，传道授业 解惑也，贺老师践行了一个为人师表应有的师风和师德，他不仅在学术研究上给我了 诸多教导，在为人处世上也以身作则，以身试教使我受益匪浅。在论文撰写期间，从 论文选题、资料收集、实验室实验、理论分析到现场实践以及整理成文和反复修改定 稿，这些都离不开导师的莫大的帮助与辛苦付出。 其次，我还要感谢工作室全体成员的无私协助与辛苦付出。感谢江传文硕士和李 路硕士在软件学习与应用上的共同交流探索。感谢张玉旗硕士和张雄硕士帮我分担了 日常的一些工作量，让我有更多的时间认真思索和撰写论文。感谢朱术云教授、吴圣 林副教授、王档良副教授、徐继山副教授、沈威博士、孙昊硕士、白金正硕士、宋志 钢硕士、何昭宇硕士、郭祥瑞硕士、王业鹏硕士、陆秋妤硕士、程培毅硕士、程香港 硕士、倪磊硕士、虞泽全硕士等人的帮助，他们在我论文撰写期间给了我很多诚恳有 效的建议和帮助，在此我向诸位表达衷心的感谢。 感谢资源与地球科学学院和煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室的各位领导、老 师对我的关怀指导和帮助。 感谢校外导师罗武贤高工，张双楼煤矿防冲科技术人员，现场施工人员，监测人 员，感谢你们在项目实施中的大力支持。 感谢我的室友葛伟伟硕士和姜振飞硕士，我们一起朝夕相处的两年时光，将谱写 进我致青春中最美丽的篇章；感谢我的同窗好友们，谢谢你们在学习上对我的帮助和 生活中的点滴关心；感谢我的师兄、师姐、师弟，感谢大家对我工作及生活上的关心 和帮助，因为你们的存在，我的人生才更为美好更加具有意义。老师的教导我将铭记 于心，同窗之间的友谊将永远长存。 感谢我的家人，没有你们，就没有今天我所取得的成绩。感谢爸妈为我倾注半生 的心血，是你们的操劳换来今天我所拥有的一切，你们对儿子深沉的爱，用世间任何 词语描述都略显苍白；感谢我的亲人们，你们对我的照顾与包容让我体会到血浓于水 的亲情。 感谢自己十九年的坚持与坚守，在这广阔天地里希望自己有所作为。 最后，诚挚的感谢各位论文评审专家和答辩专家，感谢你们在百忙之中抽出时间来 评审本论文，衷心希望可以得到您的指导和帮助。 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 冲击地压是煤矿煤岩动力灾害之一，其影响因素众多，机理复杂，是岩石力学和采 矿工程中的研究难点与热点之一。本文以张双楼煤矿 74102 工作面 7、9 煤煤层合并区 为研究背景，综合采用理论分析、数值模拟、实验室试验、现场监测等研究方法，对煤 层合并区采动应力分布与演化规律、冲击地压发生原因、监测预警与防治技术进行了综 合研究，并在现场实施应用。 基于 74102 工作面地质与生产技术条件，分析了 7、9 煤煤层合并对采动应力分布 规律与冲击地压的影响，对煤层合并区冲击危险性进行了评价，确定了煤层合并区的冲 击危险等级与影响范围。利用 FLAC3D 数值模拟软件，模拟研究了煤层合并区煤层应 力分布与演化规律，结果表明张双楼煤矿 74102 工作面煤层合并区随底煤厚度增大，煤 层峰值应力和应力集中系数随之增大，煤层合并区的影响范围约为 50m。模拟回采过程 得到煤层合并区底煤厚度 6m 区域煤层平均垂直应力峰值是无底煤区的 1.18 倍， 运输巷 底板平均垂直应力峰值是无底煤区的 1.13 倍，运输巷巷帮平均垂直应力峰值是无底煤 区的 1.06 倍；底煤厚度 8m 区域工作面煤层平均垂直应力峰值是无底煤区的 1.26 倍， 运输巷底板平均垂直应力是无底煤区的 1.15 倍，运输巷巷帮平均垂直应力峰值是无底 煤区的 1.1 倍。工作面应力集中系数最大可达 4.75，煤层中易积聚弹性能，从而导致高 能量破裂震动与冲击地压的发生。 针对工作面与巷道底煤厚度大，易于发生冲击显现，提出在巷道内向工作面底煤区 域实施远程高压注水软化防冲技术。 实验室进行了不同注水参数下底煤物理力学性质与 破裂模式的实验研究。通过不同含水率煤岩声发射特征试验得出，随着煤样含水率的增 加，煤样单轴抗压强度降低、弹性模量减小；煤岩声发射事件率、应力与应变关系趋势 具有较好的一致性；声发射累计振铃计数与煤岩含水率呈负相关关系。试验煤样含水率 为 2.41时，煤岩单轴抗压强度最小，事件率和振铃计数也相对较小，煤岩体软化效果 最好。这为 74102 工作面煤层远程高压注水防冲设计与参数优化提供了理论依据。 基于理论分析、数值模拟与实验室试验，制定了 74102 工作面煤层合并区冲击地压 防治技术体系，形成了以工作面底煤的远程高压注水软化技术、巷道底煤合并区爆破卸 压技术和大直径钻孔预卸压技术为主的冲击地压综合治理方案。 通过微震监测研究了煤 层合并区震动时空强演化规律， 同时利用微震指标对冲击地压危险区域卸压解危效果进 行检验。现场实践验证了理论分析结果与防治技术参数的合理性，确保了工作面安全回 采。 论文研究成果有效地指导了 74102 工作面安全回采， 可为类似条件冲击危险控制提 供理论支撑和技术参考。 该论文有图 128 幅，表 11 个，参考文献 80 篇。 万方数据 II 关键词关键词冲击地压；煤层合并；应力分布；微震 万方数据 III Abstract Rockburst is one of the coal mine rock dynamic disasters. It has many influencing factors and complex mechanism. It is one of the research difficulties and hotspots in rock mechanics and mining engineering. Based on the research background of the 7 and 9 coal seams in the 74102 working face of Zhangshuanglou Coal Mine, this paper comprehensively adopts theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, laboratory test and on-site monitoring to study the mining stress distribution and evolution law in the coal seam merged area. The causes of rockburst, monitoring and early warning and prevention and control technologies were comprehensively studied and applied on site. Based on the geological and production technical conditions of the 74102 working face, the influences of the combination of the 7 and 9 coal seams on the mining stress distribution and the impact ground pressure were analyzed. The rockburst risk of the coal seam consolidation area was uated, and the impact risk of the level and scope of influencec oal seam consolidation area was determined.. Using FLAC3D numerical simulation software, the stress distribution and evolution law of coal seam in the coal seam merged area were simulated. The results show that the coal seam consolidation area of 74102 working face in Zhangshuanglou Coal Mine increases with the thickness of the bottom coal, and the peak stress and stress concentration coefficient of the coal seam increase. The impact area of the coal seam consolidation area is about 50m. In the simulated mining process, the average vertical stress peak of the coal seam with a thickness of 6m in the coal seam consolidation area is 1.18 times that of the bottomless coal area, and the average vertical stress peak of the transportation roadway is 1.13 times that of the bottomless coal area. It is 1.06 times of the bottomless coal area; the average vertical stress peak of the coal seam with the bottom coal thickness of 8m is 1.26 times of the bottomless coal area, and the average vertical stress of the transportation road floor is 1.15 times of the bottomless coal area. The vertical stress peak is 1.1 times that of the bottomless coal zone. The stress concentration factor of the working face is up to 4.75, and the elastic energy is easily accumulated in the coal seam, which leads to the occurrence of high energy rupture vibration and rockburst. Aiming at the large thickness of coal at the working face and the roadway, it is easy to appear impact. It is proposed to implement remote high-pressure water injection softening and anti-shock technology in the roadway to the bottom coal area of the working face. The laboratory carried out experimental research on the physical and mechanical properties and fracture mode of bottom coal under different water injection parameters. Through the acoustic emission characteristics test of coal with different water content, it is concluded that with the 万方数据 IV increase of water content of coal sample, the uniaxial compressive strength of coal sample decreases and the elastic modulus decreases; the relationship between the incident rate, stress and strain of coal and rock acoustic emission has good consistency; the cumulative ringing of acoustic emission is negatively correlated with the moisture content of coal. When the water content of the test coal sample is 2.41, the uniaxial compressive strength of coal rock is the smallest, the event rate and ringing count are relatively small, and the softening effect of coal rock mass is the best. This provides a theoretical basis for remote high pressure water injection and erosion design and parameter optimization of 74102 working face coal seam. Based on theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and laboratory tests, the technical system for prevention and control of rock-burst in the coal seam of 74102 working face was established, and the remote high pressure water softening technology of coal at the working face was ed, and the deep hole blasting pressure relief in the coal seam of the roadway was ed. Technology and large-diameter drilling pre-relieving technology is the main comprehensive treatment plan for impact ground pressure. Through the microseismic monitoring, the time-space evolution law of the vibration in the coal seam merged area was studied, and the microseismic index was used to test the effect of pressure relief and danger in the dangerous area of rockburst. On-site practice verified the rationality of theoretical analysis results and prevention and control technical parameters, and ensured the safe recovery of the working face. The research results of the thesis effectively guide the safe recovery of the 74102 working face, which can provide theoretical support and technical reference for the similar coal seam merging area or the thick coal seam stratified mining anti-shock. The paper has 128 pictures, 11 tables, and 80 references. Keywords rockburst; coal seam consolidation; stress distribution; microseism 万方数据 V 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ........................................................................................................................................ I 目目 录录 ...................................................................................................................................... V 图清单图清单 ..................................................................................................................................... IX 表清单表清单 ................................................................................................................................ XVII 变量注释表变量注释表 ....................................................................................................................... XVIII 1 绪论绪论 ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景及意义 ................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 主要研究内容及方法 ......................................................................................................... 6 2 74102 工作面工程地质与工作面工程地质与冲击冲击危险性危险性分析分析 ......................................................................... 8 2.1 含煤地层 ........................................................................................................................... 10 2.2 地质构造 ........................................................................................................................... 12 2.3 煤层顶底板工程地质条件 ............................................................................................... 12 2.4 冲击地压危险性评价 ....................................................................................................... 13 3 注水对煤体物理力学与破裂模式影响的实验研究注水对煤体物理力学与破裂模式影响的实验研究 ......................................................... 21 3.1 试验方案 ........................................................................................................................... 21 3.2 不同含水率煤样破坏模式研究 ....................................................................................... 22 3.3 单轴压缩煤样应力-应变特征分析 ................................................................................. 23 3.4 声发射特征分析 ............................................................................................................... 25 3.5 本章小结 ........................................................................................................................... 30 4 煤层合并区应力与破坏规律数值模拟研究煤层合并区应力与破坏规律数值模拟研究 ..................................................................... 31 4.1 模型建立 ........................................................................................................................... 31 4.2 工作面应力分析 ............................................................................................................... 33 4.3 工作面塑性区分析 ........................................................................................................... 41 4.4 工作面位移分析............................................................................................................... 44 4.5 本章小结 ........................................................................................................................... 51 5 74102 工作面合并区冲击危险防治与监测技术研究工作面合并区冲击危险防治与监测技术研究 ....................................................... 53 5.1 工作面底煤的远程高压注水软化技术........................................................................... 53 5.2 巷道底煤合并区爆破卸压技术....................................................................................... 56 5.3 大直径钻孔预卸压........................................................................................................... 56 万方数据 VI 5.4 工作面冲击危险监测预警技术....................................................................................... 57 5.5 本章小结........................................................................................................................... 72 6 结论结论与展望与展望 ......................................................................................................................... 73 参考参考文献文献 ................................................................................................................................. 75 作者简历作者简历 ................................................................................................................................. 79 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ............................................................................................................. 80 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ..................................................................................................................... 81 万方数据 VII Contents Abstract .................................................................................................................................. III Contents ................................................................................................................................ VII List of Figures ......................................................................................................................... IX List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... XVII List of Variables................................................................................................................ XVIII 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Background and Significance............................................................................... 1 1.2 Research Status at Home and Abroad .................................................................................. 2 1.3 Main Research Contents and s ................................................................................ 6 2 Engineering Geology and Impact Risk Analysis of 74102 Working Face ........................ 8 2.1 Coal-bearing Strata ............................................................................................................ 10 2.2 Geological Structure .......................................................................................................... 12 2.3 Engineering Geological Conditions of Coal Seam Roof and Floor ................................... 12 2.4 ation of Rockburst