煤矿井下避难硐室位置优化及应用研究.pdf

博士学位论文 煤矿井下避难硐室位置优化及应用研究 A Study on Location Modification and Application of Underground Coal Mine Refuge Chamber 作 者黄军利 导 师王德明 教授 中国矿业大学 二○一八年十二月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书）。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 中图分类号 P234.1 学校代码 10290 UDC 528.7 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 博士学位论文 煤矿井下避难硐室位置优化及应用研究 A Study on Location Modification and Application of Underground Coal Mine Refuge Chamber 作 者 黄军利 导 师 王德明 申请学位 工学博士学位 培养单位 安全工程学院 学科专业 安全技术及工程 研究方向 矿业安全及紧急避险系统 答辩委员会主席 王兆丰 评 阅 人 二○一八年十二月 万方数据 致致 谢谢 本论文是在我的导师王德明老师的悉心指导和大力支持下完成的， 十分感激 他在繁重的科研工作和行政工作之中能够对论文写作进行精心指导。 他在论文的 研究内容、框架结构、仿真模拟等多方面都倾注了大量的心血，促使我顺利撰写 了这篇论文。王德明老师渊博精深的理论素养、丰富广博的实践经验、严谨务实 的治学态度以及诲人不倦的奉献精神，给我留下了深刻的印象，必将使我终身受 益，将不断鼓舞和鞭策我在今后的工作和学习中努力奋斗，不敢有丝毫懈怠。论 文完成之际，谨对王德明老师表示由衷的感谢和崇高的敬意。 同时，我要感谢我所在单位的各位老师对我的关心、关注和支持，特别是在 读博士研究生的几年，无论是在工作上还是在学业上，都对我不断地进行鼓舞和 鞭策，谆谆教诲，将令我终生难忘；所在单位的王清、闵涛等各位同事多年来对 我关心和关照，在论文完成的时间和精力上给予了很大的支持，并在论文的修改 过程中提出了许多很好的建议，着实令我感动；安全学院的领导和老师，大多都 比较熟悉， 他们对我的关心和关照一直延续至今， 还有一些以前不太熟知的老师， 几年来也给我了许多理解和帮助，这份情谊，让人难以忘怀。 另外，还要感谢我的大学同学、山东兖州煤矿赵楼煤矿总工程师王保齐，兖 州煤矿集团煤化供销有限公司销售部总经理王玉峰等人在调研和资料收集方面 给予的热情帮助，没有他们给我的大力帮助和提供全面系统的资料，本论文的进 展也就不会如此顺利。 在论文的写作过程中，许多师长和友人给予了很大的帮助和支持。周福宝、 秦波涛等各位老师在开题报告时提出了很好的指导意见； 师弟辛海会无论是在论 文的开题报告上还是在论文的完成过程中都对我提供了重要的帮助。可以说，论 文的形成，凝聚了许多师长和友人对我的关心和爱护，感激之情难于言表。 路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。在今后的人生征途中，唯有努力学习， 扎实工作，奋力前行，用一颗滚烫的心对待人生，对待事业，才能不辜负学校和 安全学院对我的培养，不辜负诸位师长和友人对我的厚爱。 谨此感谢所有帮助过我的老师和朋友 作者黄军利 2018 年 12 月 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 煤矿井下避难硐室能够在煤矿事故发生后为矿工提供有效救援， 该技术在美 国、澳大利亚和南非等矿业发达国家已取得了长足进步。在国内，近年来避难硐 室的研究和应用相继迅速展开，建设技术也日趋成熟，但在避难硐室系统性，尤 其是避难硐室的选址及其优化研究方面尚显缺乏， 从而致使煤矿井下避难硐室在 煤矿灾害事故发生时，其应有的救援作用没能得到充分发挥。 为解决这一问题，推动煤矿井下避难硐室救援成效的提升，本论文结合国内 外煤矿井下避难硐室的研究现状，从避难硐室建设的相关基础理论研究入手，构 建了煤矿井下避难硐室选址影响因子系统模型， 揭示了煤矿井下避难硐室选址的 影响因子及其作用机制。 本论文基于灾变演化过程对避难硐室选址影响因素进行了分析， 采用数值仿 真模拟的方法对避难逃生路径下的热动力灾害演变特征进行了研究， 尤其对烟气 蔓延规律与火区温度分布和变化特征以及灾区致害气体和能见度的时变特性进 行了演化和分析。 在此基础上，结合我国煤矿井下避难硐室研究和应用的实际情况，提出了一 套相对科学的、 适合我国煤矿特色的煤矿井下避难硐室选址科学性评价系统和选 址科学性评价等级划分标准。该系统采用定性与定量相结合，通过对选址影响因 子进行权重计算，以及对选址周围地质情况等影响因子量化处理，最终经系统模 块化计算得出选址科学性评价总值，进而对标可得出选址的科学性等级。 此外， 运用该研究成果参与和指导了兖州赵楼煤矿的避难硐室选址和优化建 设， 并将该评价系统扩展应用到对煤矿井下单个避难硐室建设质量量化评价以及 井下避难硐室群规划方案的优化中， 从而很好的解决了单个硐室的建设质量评价 以及避难硐室群组建设的方案优化问题，在实践中得到了科学验证，效果良好。 本文分为六部分。第一部分是绪论；第二部分是基于灾变演化的避难硐室选 址影响因素研究；第三部分是避难逃生路径下的热动力灾害演变特征；第四部分 是煤矿井下避难硐室选址影响因素评价； 第五部分是避难硐室选址在赵楼煤矿的 实际应用；第六部分是结论。 本研究成果能够帮助煤矿建设井下避难硐室时科学选址， 从而有效提升灾难 时硐室的救援效果，同时能够用于对已建避难硐室总体质量优劣的科学考评，也 可用于对井下避难硐室群组建设方案的优化。此外，该成果还可用于国家煤矿安 全监察管理部门对煤矿井下避难硐室建设的指导和优劣评价， 为其制定相关政策 提供决策依据。 该论文有图 58 幅，表 54 个，参考文献 147 篇。 关键词关键词避难硐室；位置优化；评价方法 万方数据 II Abstract Underground coal mine refuge chamber could provide efficient rescue for the miners after coal mine accidents happened. This technology has made large progress in the coal mine developed countries such America, Australia and South Africa, etc. In recent years, the study and application on refuge chamber had been carried out rapidly at home. The constructive technology of refuge chamber is increasingly mature. However, the study on refuge chamber systematicness, especially the study on the modification of the location selection and modification of refuge chamber is still rare, which leads to playing little role in rescue when underground coal mine disaster happened. In order to solve the problem, boosting the rescue efforts of coal mine underground refuge chamber, the dissertation integrates systematically the current study status of refuge chamber at home and abroad, started with the related preliminary theory of the construction of refuge chamber, analyzes the influential factors for location selection of refuge chamber based on the disaster evolution process, especially deduces and analyzes the time-variant characteristic of smoke propagation law, of temperature distribution and change feature for fire zone, and of the visibility of harmful gas in disaster area. On its foundation, combined with the practical research status and development of China coal mine refuge chamber, the dissertation puts forward a scientific uation system and standard of uation level for the coal mine underground refuge chamber, which is relatively scientific and is suitable for the coal mine with Chinese characteristics. Combined with qualitative and quantitative analysis, the principle calculates the weight of the uative factors for the influential factors of location selection, and quantizes the influential factors, for example, surrounding geological condition. Finally, through the of modular simulating computation, the scientific and uative value is obtained. Then, the scientific level of location selection could be acquired by benchmarking. Moreover, the research result takes part in and directs the refuge chamber location selection and optimal construction in Yanzhou Zhaolou coal mine. The principle is extended to the application on the quality quantitative uation of construction of a single coal mine underground refuge chamber, and on the planning scheme modification of underground refuge chamber group. Therefore, the problem of project modification of “the quality quantitative uation of construction of a 万方数据 III single coal mine underground refuge chamber, and on the planning scheme modification of underground refuge chamber group” is solved. What’s more, it is scientifically verified in practice and has a good effect. The dissertation can be divided into six parts. The first part is introduction. The second part is the influential factors for the location selection of refuge chamber based on Disaster Evolution. The third part is the evolution characteristics of thermodynamic accidents on refuge routes. The forth part is the uation of influential factors of the location selection of coal mine refuge chamber. The practical application on the location selection of refuge chamber in Zhaolou coal mine is illustrated in the fifth part. The sixth part is conclusions. The research result could help select scientifically the location of coal mine underground refuge chamber, which effectively boost the rescue efforts of refuge chamber when disaster happens. Furthermore, it could be used to check and uate the overall quality of the constructed refuge chamber, and could be also made used of the planning scheme modification for underground refuge chamber group. In addition, this work can be applied by national security supervision and administration department to direct or uate the construction of coal mine underground refuge chamber, providing decision basis for making related policy. There are 58 figures, 54 tables and 147 references in this dissertation. Keywords refuge chamber; modification of location; uative 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要............................................................................................................................ I 目目 录录......................................................................................................................... IV 图清单图清单...................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单........................................................................................................................ XII 变量注释表变量注释表 ..............................................................................................................XVI 1 绪论绪论............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 背景介绍 ................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 国外研究现状 ....................................................................................................... 13 1.3 国内研究现状 ....................................................................................................... 16 1.4 研究目的及意义 ................................................................................................... 28 1.5 主要内容及研究技术路线 ................................................................................... 29 2 基于灾变演化的避难硐室选址影响因素研究基于灾变演化的避难硐室选址影响因素研究 ..................................................... 31 2.1 避难硐室选址安全距离的正反演计算方法 ....................................................... 31 2.2 避难硐室位置选择 ............................................................................................... 36 2.3 避难硐室周边地质因素 ....................................................................................... 42 2.4 避难及救援路线因素 ........................................................................................... 43 2.5 投资成本因素 ....................................................................................................... 44 2.6 人为因素 ............................................................................................................... 46 2.7 其他因素 ............................................................................................................... 46 2.8 避难硐室选址系统构建 ....................................................................................... 47 2.9 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 47 3 避难逃生路径下的热动力灾害演变特征避难逃生路径下的热动力灾害演变特征 ............................................................. 49 3.1 热动力灾害演变仿真方法及模型构建 ............................................................... 49 3.2 工作面运输巷胶带火灾的数值模拟研究 ........................................................... 54 3.3 工作面回风隅角瓦斯爆炸的数值模拟研究 ....................................................... 61 3.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 70 4 煤矿井下避难硐室选址影响因素评价煤矿井下避难硐室选址影响因素评价 ................................................................. 73 4.1 煤矿避难硐室选址评价方法 ............................................................................... 73 4.2 煤矿避难硐室选址影响因素权重分配方法 ....................................................... 73 4.3 煤矿避难硐室选址影响耦合值的计算 ............................................................... 80 万方数据 V 4.4 煤矿避难硐室选址级别的设立和划分 ............................................................... 80 4.5 本章小结本章小结 .............................................................................................................. 81 5 避难硐室选址在赵楼煤矿的实际应用避难硐室选址在赵楼煤矿的实际应用 ................................................................. 82 5.1 赵楼煤矿矿井概况以及紧急避险设施的建设状况 ........................................... 82 5.2 赵楼煤矿避难硐室的实际应用 ......................................................................... 120 5.3 赵楼煤矿井下避难硐室群选址优化 ................................................................. 132 5.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................. 136 6 结论结论........................................................................................................................ 137 6.1 结论 ..................................................................................................................... 137 6.2 主要创新点 ......................................................................................................... 138 6.3 展望 ..................................................................................................................... 138 参考文献参考文献 ................................................................................................................... 140 作者简历作者简历 ................................................................................................................... 148 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ............................................................................................... 149 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ....................................................................................................... 150 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II Contents ..................................................................................................................... VI List of Figures ......................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables ............................................................................................................. XII List of Variables .......................................................................................................XVI 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 The background introduction ................................................................................... 1 1.2 The research status abroad ..................................................................................... 13 1.3 The research status at home ................................................................................... 16 1.4 The research purpose and significance .................................................................. 28 1.5 The main content and technical routes ................................................................... 29 2 The study on the influential factors for the location selection of refuge chamber based on Disaster Evolution ...................................................................................... 31 2.1 The forward and inversion calculating for the safe distance of refuge chamber location selection ........................................................................................... 31 2.2 The location selection of refuge chamber .............................................................. 36 2.3 The foctors for surrounding geological condition of refuge chamber ................... 42 2.4 The factors for routes of refuge and rescue ............................................................ 43 2.5 Investment cost factors .......................................................................................... 44 2.6 Human factors ........................................................................................................ 46 2.7 Other factors ........................................................................................................... 46 2.8The system construction of the refuge chamber location selection ........................ 47 2.9 Brief summary ....................................................................................................... 47 3 The evolution characteristics of