顶-煤-底“三硬”组合结构下承载煤柱冲击机理及其应用.pdf
硕士学位论文 顶-煤-底“三硬”组合结构下承载煤柱 冲击机理及其应用 Rock Burst Mechanism in Bearing Coal Pillar under Hard Roof-Coal-Floor Structure and Its Application 作 者白金正 导 师窦林名 教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一九年五月 “十三五”国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFC0801403) 国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(51874292、51804303) 江苏省重点研发计划资助项目(BE2015040) 江苏省自然科学基金(BK20180643) 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一, 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权,即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版,可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文;②为教学和 科研目的,学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外,根据有关法规,同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 (保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书)。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 中图分类号 TD324 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 顶-煤-底“三硬”组合结构下承载煤柱 冲击机理及其应用 Rock Burst Mechanism in Bearing Coal Pillar under Hard Roof-Coal-Floor Structure and Its Application 作 者 白金正 导 师 窦林名 教授 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 灾害防控 答辩委员会主席 曹胜根 评 阅 人 盲审 二〇一九年五月 万方数据 致致 谢谢 三年时光,转瞬即逝。站在即将离别的时间节点回望过去,感慨颇多。论文 是在导师窦林名教授的悉心指导下完成的,从论文选题、构思、撰写、修正直至 成稿的整个过程,都倾注了恩师的心血,凝集着恩师的智慧。如果没有窦林名老 师的悉心指导,论文不会顺利成文。在此论文成稿之际,谨向恩师窦林名教授致 以最崇高的敬意和最诚挚的感谢 至今仍记得三年前怀着满心的崇敬与期待之情初次联系窦老师, 如今想来这 应当是我做过最正确的决定。窦老师作为国内外冲击矿压研究领域的知名学者, 不仅将全面的专业知识和系统的研究方法事无巨细、身体力行地传授给我们,更 是以勤恳敬业、 严谨治学的态度、 虚怀若谷、 谦虚谨慎的品质深深地感染着我们。 高山仰止,景行行止,我将铭记恩师的教诲,继续追随恩师在今后的学习生活中 努力践行。 感谢牟宗龙教授、 曹安业教授、 巩思园副研究员、 贺虎副教授、 何江副教授、 王桂峰老师、范军老师、蔡武老师、李许伟老师、朱广安老师、沈威老师、刘广 建老师在论文写作中给予的指导和帮助。感谢王正义博士、王盛川博士、刘志刚 博士、温颖远博士、郭文豪博士、曹晋荣博士、柴彦江博士、陈为帅硕士、杨景 硕士、曹京龙硕士、陈凡硕士、张腾达硕士、王崧玮硕士以及已毕业的冯龙飞硕 士、解嘉豪硕士在论文写作过程中提供的宝贵建议。感谢阚吉亮硕士、韩泽鹏硕 士、孙宇俊硕士、王孟琦硕士、刘全硕士、郝晓琦硕士、关德位硕士在资料收集、 统计分析、数据处理以及论文翻译方面提供的帮助。 感谢煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室与矿业工程学院的各位领导和老 师,感谢中国矿业大学岳建华老师在学习及生活上给予的关怀与帮助 感谢中泰集团矿产资源部何国昌部长、雨田煤矿田强总经理、田超文副总经 理、靳克应矿长、刘明洪总工、刘永军总工、李少波副总、防冲办肖瑾主任、甘 肃靖远煤业集团伊犁分公司王永槐总经理、济源煤业博斯坦煤矿王道兴矿长、宋 德垚总工、白皓副总、防冲办娄东旺主任等领导在现场工程实践过程中提供的支 持和帮助 特别感谢我的家人对我无微不至的关心和不遗余力的支持, 你们永远是我最 坚强的后盾和我奋斗最大的意义。 最后, 向百忙中审阅本文和参加论文答辩的各位专家教授致谢, 并恳请指正 白金正 2019 年 3 月 8 日 于中国矿业大学矿业科学中心 B530-2 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 冲击矿压是一种破坏性极强的煤岩动力灾害。在由顶底板及煤层组成的顶- 煤-底组合结构中,煤柱作为其中的承载结构,在矿井生产过程中应用广泛。当 煤层及顶底板强度较高导致煤柱内应力集中程度过高时, 在动静载作用下容易诱 发煤柱型冲击。因此,研究动静载作用时顶-煤-底“三硬”组合结构下承载煤柱 应力分布特征、冲击失稳规律及其控制方法等具有重要的理论意义与实用价值。 论文采用实验室试验、理论分析、数值模拟及工程实践等手段,研究了顶-煤-底 “三硬”组合结构下承载煤柱冲击机理及其应用,得出如下成果 首先,通过试验研究了顶-煤-底组合结构在循环动载作用下损伤破裂规律与 声发射响应特征,并进行了组合试样微破裂演化与能量分布的耦合分析。结果表 明组合结构的破坏分为稳态破坏与动态冲击。顶板岩样厚度越大,与煤样强度 强度比越大,组合结构内部积聚的能量越高,冲击危险性也越高。动载在作用最 初对煤岩组合结构损伤最为剧烈,随后由于动载衰减导致产生的损伤急剧降低。 在组合结构失稳瞬间,声发射振铃计数、声发射释放能率及其累计参数均出现明 显的高值异常,可作为煤岩组合结构破裂失稳的预警指标,同时得到组合结构的 微破裂形式与能量分布耦合性较好。 随后,对顶-煤-底“三硬”组合结构赋存条件下承载煤柱发生的典型冲击案 例进行了分析,得到此类型下冲击矿压发生的显现特征和影响因素。并依据关键 因素建立了顶-煤-底组合结构在纯静载和动静组合加载作用下力学模型,借助尖 点突变模型推导出动静组合加载下煤岩组合结构突变失稳判据。 从而得到临界条 件、冲击剧烈程度以及顶板下沉量与煤岩组合结构基本性质之间存在密切联系。 数值模拟研究了顶-煤-底 “三硬” 组合结构下承载煤柱区静载应力场的分布, 并研究了不同强度等级的矿震动载作用下承载煤柱区动载响应特征。 结果表明承 载煤柱中的静载应力集中水平随着顶板厚度和强度的增加及煤层强度的降低而 升高,采动形成的塑性破坏区范围越大,也就越容易诱发冲击。同时,动载强度 等级越高, 承载煤柱区中应力集中水平越高、 顶底板位移越大, 越容易发生冲击。 上述研究成果在雨田煤矿 W1103 工作面承载煤柱区的冲击矿压防控工作中 得到了应用。 通过实施采前冲击危险预评价和基于动静载叠加原理的降载减冲防 治措施,对承载煤柱区的冲击危险性进行了有效地预测和控制,保证了工作面安 全高效回采,可为类似具有顶-煤-底“三硬”组合结构下承载煤柱冲击危险条件 的防治工作提供指导。 该论文有图 59 幅,表 11 个,参考文献 96 篇。 关键词关键词“三硬”组合结构;承载煤柱;冲击矿压;动静载叠加;强度弱化原理 万方数据 II Abstract Rockburst is a destructive coal mine dynamic disaster.As a bearing structure between hard roof-coal-floor structure,coal pillar was widely used in coal mine production process.It always led to stress concentration excessive and induced the coal pillar type burst.Therefore,it is of great significance to study stress distribution and rockburst rules as well as control s of bearing pillar composite structure under hard roof-coal-flor under static and dynamic load.This paper has been studied by means of laboratory test,mechanical analysis,numerical simulation and field engineering practice.The main achievements are as follows Experiment of damage as well as AE response characteristics of hard roof-coal-floor structure under cycle dynamic load was developed,rules of crack and energy evolution were also analysed.The result shows that the pertubance and damage to roof-coal-floor strcuture will be the highest in the first moment of dynamic load, the damage whereafter the influence to roof-coal-floor structure was rapidly decreased due to the attenuation of dynamic load.In an instant of instability of roof-coal-floor structure,AE rings count,accumulate AE rings count,AE energy,accumulate AE energy have a obvious peak abnormal.Hence,aboved four indexs can be monitoring indexs for failure of coal-rocl composite structure.In the meantime also find that AE location result have a close relation with fracture type and energy evolution of coal-rock composite structure.The higher strength and thicker of rock is,the more energy accumulate in the interior of composite structure will be,and the more burst dangerous of composite structure will be. Respectively established mechanical models of hard roof-coal-floor structure under pure static load and cicle dynamic load.Instability catastrophe criterion under static and dynamic load was derived by means of cusp catastrophe,result shows that the bigger of the height ratio between roof and coal,the smaller of the elastic modulus in roof and floor,the bigger of the elastic modulus in coal,the more easily instability the composite structure will be.the smaller of release energy,respresents the lower violent stage and the bigger amount subsidence of roof will be.Through analyzing the ula find that bursting criterion condition and violent stage as well as amount subsidence of roof are closely releated to physical and mechanical properties. 万方数据 III Numberical simulation studied the influence of stress evolution of coal-rock composite structure.it also studied dynamic response characteristics of bearing pillar under different degree strength dynamic load.Simulation result shows that stress concentrate in bearing pillar as well as range of plastic zone resulted by mining is increasing with the increase thickness and strength of roof,and more eaisly cause rockburst. Above-mentioned study result have been successfully applied in burst control work of W1103 working face in Yutian coal mine.Burst dangerous have been effectively pre-uation and control of bearing pillar by put into effect pre-uation and prevention s,which ensure safety and high efficient production of working face,can provide guidance for which have simliar conditions in bearing pillar under hard roof-coal-floor structure. There are 59 figures, 11 tables, and 96 references in this paper. Keywords hard roof-coal-floor structure;bearing pillar;rockburst;static and dynamic combined load;intensity weaking theory 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ........................................................................................................................... I 目目 录录 ......................................................................................................................... IV 图图清单清单 ..................................................................................................................... XIII 表清单表清单 ......................................................................................................................... XI 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................... XII 1 绪论绪论 ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景及意义................................................................................................. 1 1.2 国内外研究现状综述......................................................................................... 3 1.3 主要研究内容及方法......................................................................................... 7 2 受载煤岩组合结构失稳及能量演化特征受载煤岩组合结构失稳及能量演化特征研究研究 ....................................................... 9 2.1 试验目的及内容................................................................................................. 9 2.2 试验过程记录................................................................................................... 14 2.3 受载煤岩组合体失稳特征............................................................................... 16 2.4 受载煤岩组合体声发射特征........................................................................... 19 2.5 受载煤岩组合体微破裂及波速演化规律....................................................... 28 2.6 受载煤岩组合体能量分布演化规律............................................................... 34 2.7 本章小结........................................................................................................... 38 3 顶顶-煤煤-底“三硬”组合结构下承载煤柱冲击机理底“三硬”组合结构下承载煤柱冲击机理............................................... 39 3.1 顶-煤-底“三硬”组合结构下承载煤柱冲击矿压显现特征 ........................ 39 3.2 顶-煤-底“三硬”组合结构的突变理论 ........................................................ 45 3.3 顶-煤-底“三硬”组合结构的冲击突变判据及临界条件 ............................ 52 3.4 本章小结........................................................................................................... 54 4 动静载叠加作用下承载煤柱的动力响应规律动静载叠加作用下承载煤柱的动力响应规律 ...................................................... 55 4.1 引言................................................................................................................... 55 4.2 模型建立及模拟方案....................................................................................... 55 4.3 静载作用承载煤柱应力分布规律................................................................... 60 4.4 动静载作用下承载煤柱力学响应规律........................................................... 71 万方数据 V 4.5 本章小结........................................................................................................... 75 5 雨田煤矿承载煤柱区冲击矿压防治雨田煤矿承载煤柱区冲击矿压防治实践实践 ............................................................. 76 5.1 引言................................................................................................................... 76 5.2 W1103 工作面采前预评价 ............................................................................ 76 5.3 承载煤柱区冲击危险防治措施....................................................................... 79 5.4 承载煤柱区防冲效果检验............................................................................... 83 5.5 本章小结........................................................................................................... 86 6 主要结论主要结论 ................................................................................................................. 87 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 89 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 95 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................... I Contents ...................................................................................................................... IV List of Figures ............................................................................................................. XI List of Tables .............................................................................................................. XI List of Viriables ........................................................................................................ XII 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Backgrounds and Significance ............................................................. 1 1.2 Research Status at Home and Abroad .................................................................. 3 1.3 Research Contents and logy .................................................................... 7 2 Experiment Research on Laws of Damage Rupture and Energy Evolution of Hard Roof-Coal-Floor Structure ................................................................................ 9 2.1 Experimental Purposes and Contents ................................................................. 9 2.2 Experimental Process Record ............................................................................ 14 2.3 Failure Characteristic of Roof-Coal-Floor Structure Under Load ..................... 16 2.4 AE Characteristic of Roof-Coal-Floor Samples Under Load ............................ 19 2.5 Microcracks and Law of Wave Velocity Evolution of Roof-Coal-Floor Structure ....................................................................................................................... 28 2.6 Law of Energy Evolution of Roof-Coal-Floor Structure Under Load ............... 34 2.7 Summary ............................................................................................................ 38 3 Mechanism of Rock burst in Bearing Coal Pillar under Hard Roof-Coal-Floor Structure ........................................................................................ 39 3.1 Rockburst Characteristics in Bearing Pillar under Hard Roof-Coal-Floor Structure ....................................................................................................................... 39 3.2 Catastrophe Theory Mechanism in Bearing Pillar under Hard Roof-Coal-Floor Structure ........................................................................................... 45 3.3 Catarstrophy Criterion and Critical Condition in Bearing Pillar under Hard Roof-Coal-Floor Structure ........................................................................................... 52 3.4 Summary ............................................................................................................ 54 万方数据 VII 4 Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Response of Bearing Coal Pillar Under Static and Dynamic Load .......................................................................................... 55 4.1 Foreword ............................................................................................................ 55 4.2 Model Building and Simulation Program .......................................................... 55 4.3 Law of Static Stress Evolution of Bearing Pillar ............................................... 60 4.4 Law of Dynamic Stress Evolution of Bearing Pillar ......................................... 71 4.5 Summary ............................................................................................................ 75 5 5 Rock Burst Prevention in Bearing Pillar Zone of Yutian Coal Mine ............. 76 5.1 Foreword ............................................................................................................ 76 5.2 Pre-uation before Mining of W1103 Working Face ................................... 76 5.3 Prevention Measure of Rock Burst in Bearing Pillar......................................... 79 5.4 Ef