地应力测量技术研究与巷道支护工程应用.pdf
硕士学位论文 地应力测量技术研究与巷道支护工程应用 Research on In-situStressMeasuring Technology and the Application of Support engineeringin roadway 作者王浩 导师周钢 高级工程师 中国矿业大学 二〇一五年六月 万方数据 中图分类号 TD263 学校代码 10290 UDC 624.1 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 地应力测量技术研究与巷道支护工程应用 Research on In-situ Stress Measuring Technology and the Application of Support Engineering in Roadway 作 者 王浩 导 师 周钢 高级工程师 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 力学与建筑工程学院 学科专业 岩土工程 研究方向 巷道设计与施工 答辩委员会主席 王媛 评 阅 人 周星德 纪洪广 二○一五年六月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、 使用学位论文的规定, 同意本人所撰写的 学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一,学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位论 文的部分使用权, 即 ①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电子版, 可以使用影印、 缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文; ②为教学和科研目的, 学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书馆等场所或在 校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外,根据有关法规,同意中国国家图书馆保存研 究生学位论文。 (保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书) 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 万方数据 论文审阅认定书论文审阅认定书 研究生 王浩 在规定的学习年限内,按照研究生培养方案的要求, 完成了研究生课程的学习,成绩合格;在我的指导下完成本学位论文, 经审阅,论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同,论文撰写格式 符合学校的相关规定,同意将本论文作为学位申请论文送专家评审。 导师签字 年 月 日 万方数据 致致 谢谢 四年研究生的学习时光已经接近尾声,在此我想对我的母校,我的父母,我 的老师和同学们表达我由衷的谢意。 感谢我的家人对我三年的默默支持; 感谢我的母校为我研究生三年深造提供 了宝贵的机会, 让我能继续学习和提高; 感谢老师和同学们三年来的关心和鼓励。 这次毕业论文我得到了很多老师和同学的帮助, 其中我的导师周钢老师对我 学习与生活的关心尤为重要。每当论文写作遇到难题,只要向周老师提出请求, 不管忙或闲周老师都会抽空来找我面谈,或替我引荐名师、或与我相互探讨,抑 或为。周老师平日工作繁多,但我的论文从选题到相关资料查阅,论文提纲的确 定,中期论文的修改,后期论文格式调整等各个环节中都给予了我悉心的指导。 写毕业论文的这几个月以来,周老师不仅在学业上对我精心指导,还在生活等方 面让我感受到了无微不至的关怀,在此向周老师致以诚挚的谢意和崇高的敬意。 感谢蒋斌松教授、陈坤福教授、韩立军教授、蔚立元老师在选题过程中给予 我的指导和建议,感谢王衍森教授、李玉寿教授、张强老师在毕业论文撰写中给 予我的帮助 感谢王鹏举、王超等同学在试验过程中的帮助。 感谢所引用参考文献的作、编、译者 最后,再次向我的导师周钢表示深深的感谢向审阅论文的专家和老师致以 深深的谢意恳请各位专家和老师多提宝贵意见 感谢在整个毕业设计期间和我密切合作的同学, 和曾经在各个方面给予过我 帮助的伙伴们,在此,我再一次真诚地向帮助过我的老师和同学表示感谢 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 徐庄煤矿-750 水平东翼轨道大巷为永久性服务大巷,在巷道掘进期间,巷道施 工完成段的顶底板均出现不同程度的变形破坏。 针对巷道的异常变形, 有必要对影响 煤岩体结构安全与稳定的关键因素地应力, 进行探索与研究。 本文在对地应力测 量理论、影响因素、计算误差、测试系统及过程等深入研究的基础上,在徐庄煤矿- 750 水平大巷东翼进行了地应力实测, 并结合实测参数采用锚杆支护动态设计法进行 了加固修复设计,研究工作获得主要结论有 (1)通过对地应力测量理论、地应力测量系统与测试过程研究的基础上,在实 验室进行了三轴应变计的标定,并编制了相应的地应力计算软件。 (2)采用空心包体应力解除法对徐庄煤矿-750 水平东翼轨道大巷与Ⅱ-Ⅰ采区 通风下口进行了地应力现场实测, 实测结果表明 徐庄煤矿二水平东翼区域以水平构 造应力为主,东西布置的轨道大巷承受近垂直的剪应力作用。 (3)基于地应力实测的数值模拟修复设计,应用于轨道大巷修复加固工程,矿 压观测结果表明,巷道围岩变形趋于稳定。 该论文有图 62 幅,表 56 个,参考文献 91 篇。 关键词关键词地应力;空心包体三轴应变计;锚杆支护动态设计法;矿压观测;围岩稳定性 万方数据 万方数据 III AbsAbsAbsAbst t t tractractractract The main rail-tunnel in -750 level in East of Xuzhuang coal mine served abidingly, it appeared different degree of deation and failure in the roof and floor of the construction section during the tunnellin.In view of the abnormal deation of roadway, it was necessary to study the key factors that affect the security and stability of coal and rock of the coal and rock,namely in-situ stress.In this paper, based on in-situ stress measurement error, system theory, influence factors, and process on the basis of in-depth study, in situ test was conducted in the eastern mining area in -750 level of Xuzhuang coal mine, and on the basis of parameters measured and the dynamic design of bolt support is used for reinforcing repair design, the main conclusions were as follows 1By the research on in-situ stress measurement theory, system and process, the rating test of triaxial strain gauge was conducted in the laboratory,and the software to calculate the corresponding in-situ stress was compiled,. 2In-situ stress were measured in eastern main rail-tunnel and lower opening of ventilation in mining area Ⅱ-Ⅰ using the hollow inclusion stress release .It showed that the of stress field of eastern mine is mainly horizontal tectonic stress field,and the roadway arranged along the east-west direction was under nearly vertical shear stress. 3Based on in-situ stress measurement, numerical simulation was used in the track alleys repair design,and the restored project was applied in the main rail-tunnel, the pressure observation results showed that the deation of surrounding rock of roadway tends to stable. The figures in this thesis amount to 62 tables, 56, and references, 91. Key words in-situ stress; hollow inclusion type triaxial strain gauge; dynamical design of bolting support;strata control observation;roadway stability 万方数据 万方数据 V 目目 录录 摘 要摘 要 ........................................................................................................................................ I 目目 录录 ....................................................................................................................................... V 图清单图清单 ...................................................................................................................................... IX 表清单表清单 .................................................................................................................................. XIII 变量注释表变量注释表 ......................................................................................................................... XVII 1 绪论1 绪论 ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 问题提出及研究意义 ................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ....................................................... 1 1.3 研究内容及技术路线 ................................................... 5 2 空心包体地应力测量技术与系统空心包体地应力测量技术与系统 ........................................................................................ 7 2.1 地应力实测方法 ....................................................... 7 2.2 地应力测量系统 ...................................................... 29 2.3 测量过程 ............................................................ 38 2.4 小结 ................................................................ 41 3 三轴应变计标定三轴应变计标定 .................................................................................................................. 43 3.1 承压箱加载 .......................................................... 43 3.2 铝块加载 ............................................................ 47 3.3 小结 ................................................................ 55 4 地应力现场实测地应力现场实测 .................................................................................................................. 57 4.1 -750 水平东翼轨道大巷地应力测量 ...................................... 57 4.2 –750 水平Ⅱ- -Ⅰ采区通风下山地应力测量 ................................ 65 4.3 小结 ................................................................ 72 5 -750 水平东翼轨道大巷修复设计水平东翼轨道大巷修复设计 ....................................................................................... 73 5.1 工程背景 ............................................................. 73 5.2 巷道修复加固方案设计 ................................................ 73 5.3 矿压观测 ............................................................ 88 5.4 小结 ................................................................ 91 6 结论与展望6 结论与展望 .......................................................................................................................... 92 万方数据 VI 6.1 结论 ................................................................ 92 6.2 展望 ................................................................ 92 参考文献参考文献 .................................................................................................................................. 93 作者简历作者简历 .................................................................................................................................. 99 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ............................................................................................................ 101 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 .................................................................................................................... 103 万方数据 VII Contents Abstract .................................................................................................................................. III Contents ................................................................................................................................. VII List of Figures ......................................................................................................................... IX List of Table ......................................................................................................................... XIII List of Variables ................................................................................................................. XVII 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Problem and Research Significance ..................................................................................... 1 1.2 Research Situation at Home and Abroad .............................................................................. 1 1.3 Research Contents and Technical Route .............................................................................. 5 2 Measuring Technique and System of Hollow Inclusion Strain Cells ................................ 7 2.1 of In-Situ Stress Measurements .............................................................................. 7 2.2 System of In-Situ Stress Measurement .............................................................................. 29 2.3 Measuring Process .............................................................................................................. 38 2.4 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 41 3 Calibration of Triaxial Strain Gauge ................................................................................. 43 3.1 Load on Pressure Box ......................................................................................................... 43 3.2 Load on Aluminium Block ................................................................................................. 47 3.3 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 55 4 In-Situ Stress Field Measurement ...................................................................................... 57 4.1 In-Situ Stress Measurement of East Orbital Alleys In -750 Level ..................................... 57 4.2 In-Situ Stress Measurement of Ventilation Dip of Ⅱ- Ⅰ Panel In -750 Level ................. 65 4.3 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 72 5 Prosthesis Design of East Orbital Alleys in -750 Level .................................................... 73 5.1 Engineering Background .................................................................................................... 73 5.2 Restored Project Design of Roadway ................................................................................. 73 5.3 Pressure observation ........................................................................................................... 88 5.4 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 91 6 Main Conclusions ................................................................................................................ 92 万方数据 VIII 6.1 Conclusions ........................................................... 92 6.2 Prospects .............................................................. 92 References ............................................................................................................................... 93 Author’s Resume .................................................................................................................... 99 Declaration of Thesis Originality ........................................................................................ 101 Thesis Data Collection .......................................................................................................... 103 万方数据 IX 图清单图清单图清单图清单 图序号 图名称 页码 图 1-1 技术路线图 6 Figure 1-1 Technology roadmap 6 图 2-1 坐标变换 14 Figure 2-1 Transation of coordinates 14 图 2-2 钻孔半径 R 对修正系数 Ki的影响 21 Figure 2-2 The influence of R to Ki 21 图 2-3 钻孔半径 R1对修正系数 Ki的影响 22 Figure 2-3 The influence of R1 to 22 图 2-4 应变片嵌固半径ρ对修正系数 Ki的影响 23 Figure 2-4 The influence of ρ to Ki 23 图 2-5 环氧树脂层与围岩弹性模量比 E1/E 对修正系数 Ki的影响 24 Figure 2-5 The influence of E1/E to Ki 24 图 2-6 环氧树脂层泊松 v1比对修正系数 Ki的影响 25 Figure 2-6 The influence of v1 to Ki 25 图 2-7 围岩泊松比 v 对修正系数 Ki的影响 26 Figure 2-7 The influence of v to Ki 26 图 2-8 美国矿山局孔径变形计 USBM 29 Figure 2-8 Aperture distortion meter USBM 29 图 2-9 CSIR 型三轴应变计 29 Figure 2-9 Triaxial strain gauge CSIR 29 图 2-10 CSIRO 型空心包体应变计 29 Figure 2-10 The hollow inclusion triaxial strain gauge of CSIRO 29 图 2-11 长江科学院 CKY-Ⅲ型空心包体式三向应变计 30 Figure 2-11 The hollow inclusion triaxial strain gauge of CKY-Ⅲ 30 图 2-12 地质力学研究所的 KX-81 型空心包体式全应力计 30 Figure 2-12 The hollow inclusion triaxial strain gauge of KX-81 30 图 2-13 YH3B-4 型空心包体应变计 30 Figure 2-13 The hollow inclusion triaxial strain gauge of YH3B-4 30 图 2-14 接线盒 32 Figure 2-14 Terminal block 32 图 2-15 直接接线下应变片的应变值变化 33 Figure 2-15 The change of strain value when direct connection 33 图 2-16 按压式接线端子应变片的应变值变化(紧固前) 33 Figure 2-16 The change of strain value when press type terminal blocks before fastening 33 图 2-17 按压式接线端子应变片的应变值变化(紧固后) 34 Figure 2-17 The change of strain value when press type terminal blocksafter fastening 34 万方数据 X 图 2-18 接线盒连接时的应变片应变值变化 34 Figure 2-18 The change of strain value when terminal block 34 图 2-19 应变花方位图 35 Figure 2-19 Orientation diagram of strain rosette 35 图 2-20 软件界面图 38 Figure 2-20 Interface figure of the software 38 图 2-21 现场地应力测量过程 39 Figure 2-21 In-situ stress measurement process in Field 39 图 3-1 设计承压箱 43 Figure 3-1 Pressure box at designed 43 图 3-2 实验用承压箱 44 Figure 3-2 Pressure box in experiment 44 图 3-3 岩芯断裂情况 46 Figure 3-3 Core fracture 46 图 3-4 应变片应变值变化曲线(a2) 49 Figure 3-4 Change curve of strain of strain gauge(a2) 49 图 3-5 应变片应变值变化曲线(a4) 49 Figure 3-5 Change curve of strain of strain gauge(a4) 49 图 3-6 应变片应变值变化曲线(b1) 49 Figure 3-6 Change curve of strain of strain gauge(b1) 49 图 3-7 各应变片应变值变化曲线(b4) 50 Figure 3-7 Change curve of strain of strain gauge(b4) 50 图 4-1 1孔附近岩层地质柱状图 57 Figure 4-1 Geological histogram of borehole 1 57 图 4-2 -750 水平轨道大巷布置图 58 Figure 4-2 Alleys arrangement in -750 level 58 图 4-3 -750 水平东翼轨道大巷测点附近巷道平面图 59 Figure 4-3 Roadway floor plan near the measuring place in -750 level 59 图 4-4 应变计距离标记 60 Figure 4-4 Distance markers of strain guage 60 图 4-5 1孔现场地应力测试岩芯 62 Figure 4-5 Rock in field of 1 borehole 62 图 4-6 -750 水平东翼轨道大巷 8煤底板岩石全应力应变试验曲线 62 Figure 4-6 The