承载围岩钻屑试验及钻孔卸压影响因素分析.pdf
万方数据 万方数据 万方数据 万方数据 万方数据 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 摘要 I 摘要摘要 冲击地压是一种严重的煤矿动力灾害。钻孔卸压作为一种防治冲击地压的 方法,工作量小、施工方便、施工速度较快,得到普遍应用。钻孔参数是影响 钻孔卸压效果的重要因素,本文通过理论分析、室内试验和数值模拟相结合的 方法研究了钻屑量与钻孔直径和应力条件的关系,以及钻孔参数对钻孔卸压效 果的影响规律,确大安山定了冲击危险钻屑量指标, 并在工程现场进行了应用。 论文主要研究工作如下 (1) 基于弹性、 弹塑性圆孔周围应力及位移解, 推导了钻屑量的计算公式。 通过钻屑量模拟试验,验证了理论公式的正确性。研究表明钻屑量随着钻孔 直径的增大呈二次多项式规律增加;钻屑量随压力的增大呈线性增加规律。 (2)通过对不同钻孔参数(钻孔直径、钻孔数量、钻孔排数和钻孔布置方 式)的试件进行单轴压缩试验,得到了钻孔参数对试件力学行为(单轴抗压强 度、弹性模量、声发射特性和破坏形式)的影响,对比分析了钻孔参数对钻孔 卸压效果的影响。 (3)基于不同钻孔参数对巷道围岩影响的数值模拟,分析了不同参数下巷 道围岩的应力特征和塑性区分布情况。研究表明随着孔径的增大,孔距的减 小以及孔深的增大,钻孔卸压的效果越来越好;对于不同的钻孔布置方式,钻 孔单排布置时的卸压效果比钻孔三花布置和钻孔双排布置好。 (4)分析了大安山煤矿轴 10 槽西部采区西一面冲击地压灾害发生的主要 因素,对大安山西部采区西一面进行了钻孔卸压,利用卸压孔钻屑量及动力显 现现象进行了采前冲击危险区域划分,在工作面回采过程中对中等冲击危险区 和强冲击危险区进行了钻孔加密和高压注水,保证了工作面的安全生产,应用 效果良好。 关键词关键词冲击地压;钻孔卸压;钻孔参数;钻屑量 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 ABSTRACT II ABSTRACT Coal burst is a serious coal mine geological disaster. The coal drilling relief has a small workload, convenient construction, and a rapid construction speed, and is a that is being applied to pressure relief. Drilling parameters are an important factor influencing the pressure relief effect of drillings. This paper studied the effect of drilling parameters on the pressure relief effect of drillings through the combination of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and indoor testing. And in order to reduce the construction period and overcome the poor continuity of the traditional drill cuttings , the relationship between the amount of drill cuttings and the drilling diameter and stress conditions was studied. The impact risk drill cuttings indicators were determined and applied at the engineering site. The main work is as follows 1 Analyze the mechanism of coal drilling relief to prevent coal burst, and derive the calculation ula of the stress and displacement around the drill and the calculation ula of drill cuttings under elastic state and elastic-plastic state. The simulation of drill cuttings was conducted to verify the correctness of the theoretical ula. The amount of drill cuttings increased with the increase of the diameter of the drilling, and it showed a quadratic polynomial law; The pressure increases linearly. 2 Uniaxial compression tests were pered on specimens with different parameters drilling diameter, number of drill, number of drilled rows, and drilling arrangement. The test results systematically revealed the influence of these drilling parameters on the mechanical behavior of the specimens, including uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus, acoustic emission characteristics and failure modes. The test results were used to analyze the effect of different drilling parameters on the coal 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 ABSTRACT III drilling relief. 3 Through the numerical simulation of the effect of different drilling parameters on the roadway surrounding coal, the stress characteristics and plastic zone distribution of roadway surrounding coal with different parameters are combined. With the increase of the diameter, the drilling pitch decreases and the drilling depth increase, the effects of coal drilling relief are getting better and better. In addition, for different drilling arrangements, the effect of coal drilling relief when drilling a single row is better than that of drilling three-flower arrangement and drilling double-row arrangement. When definite parameters for site pressure relief drilling, the pressure relief effect cannot be only pursued, excessive pressure relief should be prevented, and the roadway deation and destruction are serious. 4 The main factors influencing the occurrence of coal burst on the west side of the mining area in the west of the 10th slot of Da anshan are analyzed. The drilling parameters were determined based on the combination of tests, numerical simulation results and on-site construction conditions. The rock burst risk distribution was divided by the amount of drill cuttings in the pressure-relief drill hole and the dynamic manifestation phenomenon during the construction process, and the middle impact danger zone and high impact risk were analyzed. The area was drilled for encryption to ensure the safe production of the working face and the application effect was good. Keywords coal burst; coal drilling relief; drilling parameters; drill cuttings 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 IV 目目 录录 1 绪论绪论 ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 选题背景及意义 ...................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ...................................................................................................... 2 1.3 主要研究内容及研究路线 ...................................................................................... 4 2 钻孔卸压机理及钻屑量钻孔卸压机理及钻屑量物理物理模拟试验模拟试验 ................................................ 6 2.1 钻孔卸压机理 .......................................................................................................... 6 2.2 卸压钻孔周围应力及位移 ...................................................................................... 6 2.3 钻屑量计算 ............................................................................................................ 12 2.4 钻屑量室内物理模拟试验 .................................................................................... 15 2.5 本章小结 ................................................................................................................ 18 3 钻孔钻孔卸压卸压效果效果室内室内试验试验研究研究 .............................................................. 20 3.1 试件制备及试验 .................................................................................................... 20 3.2 钻孔直径对卸压效果的影响 ................................................................................ 23 3.3 钻孔数量对卸压效果的影响 ................................................................................ 27 3.4 钻孔排数对卸压效果的影响 ................................................................................ 30 3.5 钻孔布置方式对卸压效果的影响 ........................................................................ 33 3.6 本章小结 ................................................................................................................ 35 4 钻孔参数对巷道围钻孔参数对巷道围岩岩影响影响模拟分析模拟分析 .................................................. 37 4.1 数值计算模型计算及方案 .................................................................................... 37 4.2 钻孔参数对巷道围岩的影响 ................................................................................ 38 4.3 本章小结 ................................................................................................................ 49 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 V 5 大安山大安山矿矿钻孔卸压钻孔卸压实践实践及冲击危险区域划分及冲击危险区域划分 .................................. 51 5.1 大安山矿轴 10 槽西部采区西一面概况 .............................................................. 51 5.2 大安山矿轴 10 槽西部采区西一面冲击危险分析 .............................................. 52 5.3 大安山矿钻孔卸压实践及采前冲击危险区域划分 ............................................ 53 5.4 本章小结 ................................................................................................................ 60 6 主要结论与创新点主要结论与创新点 ............................................................................... 61 6.1 主要结论 ................................................................................................................ 61 6.2 创新点 .................................................................................................................... 62 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................... 63 致谢致谢 ............................................................................................................. 68 攻攻读硕士期间主要成果读硕士期间主要成果 ............................................................................. 69 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 CONTENT VI Contents 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background and Significance of the Research ............................................................................ 1 1.2 Research Status of Domestic and Overseas................................................................................ 2 1.3 Main Research Contents and s ....................................................................................... 4 2 Coal Drilling Relief Mechanism and theoretical study of drill cuttings .............. 6 2.1 Analysis of Mechanism of Coal Drilling Relief .......................................................................... 6 2.2 Stress and Displacement Around Drilling ................................................................................... 6 2.3 Calculation of Drill Cuttings ................................................................................................... 12 2.4 Drill Cuttings Simulation Test Study ........................................................................................ 16 2.5 Brief Summary of the Chapter ................................................................................................... 19 3 Experimental Study on Coal Drilling Relief......................................................... 20 3.1 Specimen Preparation and Testing ............................................................................................ 20 3.2 Influence of Drilling Diameter on Drilling relief ...................................................................... 23 3.3 Influence of Drilling Number on Drilling Relief ....................................................................... 27 3.4 Influence of Drilling Rows Number on Drilling Relief ............................................................. 30 3.5 Influence of Drilling Arrangement on Drilling Relief ............................................................... 32 3.6 Brief Summary of the Chapter ................................................................................................... 35 4 Numerical simulation of influence of drilling parameters on roadway confining pressure ................................................................................................... 37 4.1 Numerical Calculation Models and Calculation Schemes ......................................................... 37 4.2 Influence of Drilling Parameters on Roadway Surrounding Rocks ......................................... 38 4.3 Brief Summary of the Chapter ................................................................................................... 49 5 Dian Mountain Drilling Practice and Danger Zone Division ............................. 51 5.1 Overview of the West Side of the Western Surface of the 10 Shafts ........................................ 51 5.2 Impact Hazard Analysis on the West Side of the Western Surface of the 10 Shafts ................. 52 5.3 Relief Practice and Danger Zone Division of Drilling in Daan Mountain ................................ 53 5.4 Brief Summary of the Chapter ................................................................................................... 60 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 CONTENT VII 6 Main conclusions and innovations......................................................................... 61 6.1 Main Conclusions ...................................................................................................................... 61 6.2 Innovation Points ....................................................................................................................... 62 References ...................................................................................................................... 63 Acknowledges ................................................................................................................ 68 Academic Achievements ............................................................................................... 69 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 绪论 1 1 绪论绪论 1.1 选题背景及意义选题背景及意义 冲击地压是一种严重的煤矿动力灾害[1,2]。冲击地压矿井的分布范围和数 量随着煤矿开采深度和强度的不断增加快速增长,严重的冲击地压灾害时有发 生,造成了巨大的经济损失,并严重威胁职工的生命安全,制约了我国煤矿安 全生产[3-5]。近年来,众多学者在冲击地压发生机制[6-10]、防治理论和技术 [11-15]、监测预警设备[16-20]、冲击倾向性[21-24]等方面开展了大量研究工作,取得 了一系列成果。 当前我国冲击地压治理技术主要有钻孔卸压、煤层注水、深孔爆破等。煤 层钻孔卸压以其工作量小,施工方便,施工速度较快等优点,得到普遍应用[21]。 钻孔卸压是利用施工钻孔的方法降低此区域的应力集中程度或改变此区域的煤 体力学特性,使得可能发生的煤体不稳定破坏过程变为稳定破坏过程,消除或 减小巷道围岩冲击破坏危险的解危措施。在煤体中施工钻孔时,钻孔周围的煤 体在应力的作用下发生破裂,在钻孔周围形成破碎区,当破碎区范围足够大或 钻孔间距足够小时,多个钻孔周围的破碎区相互连通,在煤体内形成一条卸压 带,降低煤体的应力集中程度,使应力集中峰值向煤体内部转移,并且破碎带 的形成可以改变煤体的受力性质,降低煤层储存弹性能的能力,从而降低冲击 地压发生的可能性[25,26]。钻孔参数是影响钻孔卸压效果的重要因素,当前钻孔 参数对钻孔卸压效果的影响多为简单的数值模拟研究,研究深度不够,因此钻 孔参数对钻孔卸压效果的影响亟需深入研究。 钻屑法是一种矿井常用的判断冲击危险性的方法,其采用小直径钻头(一 般为 42mm) ,施工方法与钻孔卸压施工方法相同,在施工过程中记录钻屑量和 卡钻、吸钻、钻孔冲击等动力现象作为判别冲击危险的指标。钻屑法实施过程 中钻孔间距一般较大,而钻孔卸压施工过程中钻孔间距比钻屑法相对小很多, 如果能够利用钻孔卸压施工过程中的钻屑量和相关动力现象作为判断冲击危险 的指标,不仅能够增加测点的数量,而且能够减小工作量。因此需要确定钻屑 量与钻孔直径以及应力状态的关系,得到冲击危险划分的钻屑量指标,利用其 进行冲击危险区与划分。 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 绪论 2 1.2 国内外研究现状国内外研究现状 1.2.1 冲击地压发生机理研究现状冲击地压发生机理研究现状 冲击地压的预测和防治要以冲击地压的机理为前提,国内外学者在通过大 量的研究提出了一系列重要理论 1刚度理论。Cook 和 Hodgeim 于 20 世纪 60 年代,根据刚性试验机理论, 提出当煤岩体受力屈服后的刚度|KR|大于顶底板和支架的刚度|KC|时,便会发生 冲击地压[27,28]。而当|KR|1.5 时,具有冲击危险性。轴 10 槽西部采区西一面原岩垂直应力 25MPa,当应力集中区应力达到 37.5MPa 时具有冲击危险性,由 G0.49z9.23 得到,当钻屑量达到 27.6kg/m 时具有冲击危险性,所以将 27.6kg/m 作为钻屑量 临界值。 基于大钻孔钻进过程中的相关特征,对冲击危险等级的划分主要遵循两个 基本条件一是记录钻孔过程中的钻屑量,是否接近或超过临界指标;二是记 录钻进时的动力显现特征。由于 10 槽煤层埋深大、有冲击倾向性,即 10 槽煤 层具有冲击危险性,因此对其进行冲击危险划分时,没有无冲击危险区域,而 是以冲击危险等级代替,具体划分原则如下 (1)强冲击危险同时满足条件一和二; (2)中等冲击危险满足条件一或二任意一个; (3)弱冲击危险不满足条件一或二任意一个。 5.3.2.2 采前冲击危险区域划分 (1)西部采区西一面切眼 西部采区西一面切眼长度为 180m,上、下两帮的大钻孔动力显现及平均钻 屑量如图 5.2 所示(巷道坐标起点及方向规定如图 5.1 所示) ,具体分析如下 从平均钻屑量来看,上、下两帮的分布特征类似,其中上帮 0155m 范围 内平均钻屑量小于临界值,155180m 范围内平均钻屑量大于临界值,为 27.630.1kg/m,而下帮 0160m 范围内平均钻屑量小于临界值,160180m 范围 内平均钻屑量超过临界值,为 27.631.8kg/m; 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 大安山矿钻孔卸压实践及冲击危险区域划分 55 从钻孔动力显现来看,上帮 045m 和下帮 070m 范围内几乎无动力显现, 动力显现主要集中在上帮 45180m 和下帮 70180m 范围内。 整体上来看,切眼在钻孔过程中的动力显现较为明显,但平均钻屑量处于 偏低水平。 巷道坐标巷道坐标((切眼上帮切眼上帮))/m 020406080100 120 140 160 180 200 0 15 30 45 0 1 2 钻屑量临界值钻屑量临界值-27.6kg/m 0-正常正常 1-吸钻吸钻、、卡钻卡钻 2 -煤炮煤炮 钻孔平均钻屑量钻孔平均钻屑量kg/m钻孔动力显现钻孔动力显现 巷道坐标巷道坐标((切眼下帮切眼下帮))/m 020406080 100 120 140 160 180 200 0 15 30 45 0 1 2 钻屑量临界值钻屑量临界值-27.6kg/m 0-正常正常 1-吸钻吸钻、、卡钻卡钻 2 -煤炮煤炮 钻孔平均钻屑量钻孔平均钻屑量kg/m钻孔动力显现钻孔动力显现 a 切眼上帮 b 切眼下帮 图 5.2 西部采区西一面切眼大钻孔信息统计图 Fig. 5.2 Ination Chart of large-drilling (2)西部采区西一面上巷 西部采区西一面上巷长度为 700m,上、下两帮的大钻孔动力显现及平均钻 屑量如图 5.3 所示,具体分析如下 巷道坐标巷道坐标((上巷上帮上巷上帮))/m 050 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 0 15 30 45 0 1 2 钻屑量临界值钻屑量临界值-27.6kg/m 600 650 700 750 0-正常正常 1-吸钻吸钻、、卡钻卡钻 2 -煤炮煤炮 钻孔平均钻屑量钻孔平均钻屑量kg/m钻孔动力显现钻孔动力显现 巷道坐标巷道坐标((上巷下帮上巷