布尔台矿综放面覆岩结构破断与矿压显现规律研究.pdf

工程硕士专业学位论文 布尔台矿综放面覆岩结构破断 与矿压显现规律研究 Study on Overlying Strata Structure Breakage and Strata Behaviors Laws of Fully Mechanized Caving Face in Buertai Coal Mine 作 者白雪斌 导 师朱卫兵 副教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一九年五月 国家重点研发计划资助项目国家重点研发计划资助项目2016YFC0501109 煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室自主研究课题资助项目（煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室自主研究课题资助项目（SKLCRSM19X008）） 煤炭开采水资源保护与利用国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目（煤炭开采水资源保护与利用国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目（SHJT-16-30.2）） 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 中图分类号 TD325 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中 国 矿 业 大 学 工 程 硕 士 专 业 学 位 论 文 布尔台矿综放面覆岩结构破断 与矿压显现规律研究 Study on Overlying Strata Structure Breakageand Strata Behaviors Laws of Fully Mechanized Caving Face in Buertai Coal Mine 作 者 白雪斌 导 师 朱卫兵 申请学位 工程硕士专业学位 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 矿业工程 研究方向 岩体力学与岩层控制 答辩委员会主席 姚强岭 评 阅 人 盲审 二○一九年五月 万方数据 致致 谢谢 时光荏苒，岁月如梭。二十载寒窗苦读，终于要到了从校因走向社会的时候 了。一路走来，从校园学到了丰富的文化知识，凭其立于世学到了为人处世的 道理，凭其行于世。在论文即将完成之际，谨向我身边的人致以深深的敬意和最 美好的祝福。 论文是在导师朱卫兵副教授的悉心指导下完成的，从论文的选题，研究的思 路、 现场数据的获取到模拟实验等都凝聚着老师的心血。 朱老师专注的科研态度、 创新的科研思路以及热情向上的生活态度都深深的感染着我， 是我今后学习和工 作的榜样。在此，衷心的感谢朱老师在我研究生期间提供的无私帮助和给予的热 情关怀。 感谢许家林教授提供的良好的科研环境，感谢谢建林副研究员、秦伟副研究 员、鞠金峰副研究员、轩大洋副教授、王晓振讲师在现场工作中悉心的指导，感 谢胡国忠教授在选题汇报及预答辩时对论文提供的指导。 感谢课题组李竹博士在论文构思及数值模拟过程中提供的指导与帮助。 感谢 韩昌良、韩红凯、王超超、徐敬民、张文波、杨伟名、沙猛猛、刘刚领、白东尧、 张亮、季英明、张凯、齐祥瑞、郭宇隆、史泽凯、李枝、王利民、杨静、于胜超、 刘文兵、易小雍、王捞捞、罗泽强等同门师兄弟在学习上的帮助与生活，上的关 心。感谢舍友王栋、李旭、孙荣玉在我研究生期间的陪伴与帮助。 感谢神东集团布尔台煤矿高飞总工程师及刘玉磊副主任、张海洋队长、钟阳 技术员、张斌科员等在现场数据实测方面给予的大力支持。 衷心地感谢我的家人，家人永远是我最坚强的后盾，感谢他们长久以来的支 持和付出。 感谢论文引用文献的学术前辈 感谢各位专家、教授在百忙之中评审本文，由于作者水平有限，文中定有许 多疏漏和不足之处，热切希望得到批评、指正 白雪斌 二〇一九年五月 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 由于厚煤层工作面回采后，其覆岩破坏范围较广，所以基本顶及其上覆关键 层的先后破断常常会联合作用影响工作面的矿压显现。 尤其是覆岩中坚硬巨厚岩 层的突然破断，会促使由其控制的岩层随之同步下沉，其载荷在岩层中逐层向下 传递至工作面，从而导致或诱发采场矿压灾害，如采场冒顶、支架活柱急剧大幅 下缩、甚至压架等强矿压显现现象愈发频繁。 布尔台煤矿 42107 综放工作面回采过程中矿压显现异常强烈， 主要表现为来 压强度大、支架动载系数大和支架活柱下缩量大等特点，工作面多次发生支架被 压现象，工作面顶板控制困难，给工作面安全高效生产提出了挑战。 论文综合采用现场实测、物理相似材料模拟、数值模拟和理论分析等方法系 统研究 42107 综放面来压特征、远场关键层赋存情况、上下煤层采后采动裂缝带 的累计发育高度，通过对 42107 综放面强矿压机理的初探，对如何有效缓解来压 强度进行探索，主要研究成果如下 （1）通过对工作面支架阻力进行现场实测分析，得到 42107 工作面存在大 小周期来压，小周期 10.2m30.7m，平均 18.6m；大周期来压步距为 57.5m83.6 m，平均 67.85m；强烈矿压显现步距平均 141.6m，持续距离平均 31.6m。 （2）通过对比理论计算和数值模拟结果，综合确定重复采动“两带”累计 发育高度，2-2 煤层采后，远场关键层未破断，而 4-2 煤层采后，远场关键层将 相继发生破断运动。并采用二维相似物理模拟实验，进一步模拟了 2-2 煤层和 4 -2 煤层的采动裂隙发育范围， 直观反映出了采场上覆岩层运动情况， 结合判别的 覆岩中关键层赋存情况， 判断远场关键层破断运动可能是影响采场矿强矿压的主 要原因。 （3）依据工作面强矿压显现机理，提出了对工作面顶板水压致裂弱化改性 控顶技术，工作面局部留顶煤等措施控制顶板，减小了矿压显现强度，有效的指 导了工作面安全生产。 本论文有图 47 幅，表 13 个，参考文献 82 篇。 关键词关键词矿压规律；远场关键层；综放开采；控制技术 万方数据 II Abstract Due to the wide range of overburden failure after the working face of thick coal seam is mined, the successive breakages of the basic roof and the overlying key strata often affect the appearance of the working face with combined action. In particular, the sudden breaking of the hard and thick rock strata in overburden will cause the rock strata controlled by it to sink simultaneously, and the load will be transferred to the working face layer by layer in the rock strata, thus leading to or inducing the stope mining pressure disaster, such as the crushing frame the dynamic load mining pressure, and the coal body rushing out. In the mining process of the fully mechanized caving face 42107 in Buertai coal mine, the mining pressure is extremely strong, which is mainly manifested by the characteristics such as high compressive strength, high dynamic load coefficient of the support and large shrinkage under the movable column of the support, etc., and the support compression phenomenon occurs many times in the working face, and the roof control is difficult, which poses challenges to the safe and efficient production of the working face. Paper integrated the in-situ measurement, physical similar material simulation and numerical simulation and theoretical analysis of research s such as system characteristics of 42107 fully mechanized face press, the far field key strata occurrence situation, the up and down after the mining of coal seam mining the cumulative development of fractured zone height, based on the 42107 fully mechanized face strong pressure mechanism of a preliminary study, to explore how to effectively relieve pressure strength, the main research results are as follows 1 Through the field measurement and analysis of the support resistance of the working face, it is found that the working face 42107 has a period of pressure, with a small period of 10.2m30.7m and an average of 18.6m. The pressure step distance in large period is 57.5m83.6m, with an average of 67.85m. The average step distance of strong ore pressure development is 141.6m, and the average duration is 31.6m. 2 By comparing the theoretical calculation and numerical simulation results, the cumulative development height of the “two zones” in repeated mining is determined comprehensively. After mining of 2-2 coal seams, the key strata in the far field are not broken, while after mining of 4-2 coal seams, the key strata in the far field will be broken successively. The development range of mining-induced fractures 万方数据 III in 2-2 coal seam and 4-2 coal seam is further simulated by two-dimensional physical simulation experiment, which directly reflects the movement of overlying strata. Combined with the occurrence of key strata in overlying strata identified, it can be concluded that the fracture movement of key strata in the far field may be the main reason affecting the strong ore pressure in the stope. 3 According to the mechanism of strong mining pressure development on the working face, this paper puts forward some measures to control the roof, such as weakening and modified roof control technology for roof crack caused by water pressure, local top coal remaining on the working face, etc., so as to reduce the mining pressure development intensity and effectively guide the safe production on the working face. There are 48 pictures, 13 tables and 82 references in this paper. Key words strata behaviors law;far field key stratum;fully mechanized caving ;control technology 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ........................................................................................................................... I 目目 录录 ........................................................................................................................ IV 图清单图清单 ..................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单 ....................................................................................................................... XII 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................. XIII 1 1 绪论绪论 ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 问题的提出与研究意义......................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状..................................................................................................... 2 1.3 主要研究内容......................................................................................................... 5 1.4 研究方法及研究路线............................................................................................. 6 2 2 布尔台矿布尔台矿 4210742107 综放面矿压规律实测综放面矿压规律实测 ................................................................... 8 2.1 试验工作面基本条件............................................................................................. 8 2.2 综放面矿压显现特征实测..................................................................................... 9 2.3 工作面来压规律................................................................................................... 16 2.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 25 3 3 布尔台矿布尔台矿 4210742107 综放面矿压及岩层运动规律模拟综放面矿压及岩层运动规律模拟 ............................................. 26 3.1 相似材料模拟方案............................................................................................... 26 3.2 相似材料模拟开采过程....................................................................................... 30 3.3 布尔台矿 2-2 煤与 4-2 煤重复采动覆岩破断规律 ............................................ 36 3.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 36 4 布尔台矿布尔台矿 42107 综放面强矿压显现机理综放面强矿压显现机理 ............................................................. 38 4.1 关键层位置判别................................................................................................... 38 4.2 42107 工作面远场关键层赋存情况.................................................................... 39 4.3 42107 工作面采动裂隙发育高度预计................................................................ 39 4.4 42107 工作面开采顶板结构运动规律................................................................ 45 4.5 本章小结............................................................................................................... 47 5 布尔台矿布尔台矿 42107 综放面强矿压控制技术及效果综放面强矿压控制技术及效果 ................................................. 48 5.1 工作面强矿压控制技术........................................................................................ 48 万方数据 V 5.2 控制技术效果分析............................................................................................... 51 5.3 本章小结............................................................................................................... 60 6 结论与展望结论与展望 ............................................................................................................. 61 6.1 主要结论............................................................................................................... 61 6.2 研究展望............................................................................................................... 62 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 63 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 69 学位论文原创性说明学位论文原创性说明 ................................................................................................. 70 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 71 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II Contents ..................................................................................................................... IV List of Figures ......................................................................................................... VII List of Tables.............................................................................................................. X List of Variables ...................................................................................................... XI 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Introduction of the Problem and Research Meaning ........................................ 1 1.3 Main Research Content ......................................................................................... 5 1.4 Research Content and s and Research Routes ...................................... 6 2 Measurement of Pressure Laws of 42107 Fully Mechanized Caving Face in Buertai Coal Mine ................................................................................................ 8 2.1 Basic Conditions of the Test Face ...................................................................... 8 2.2 Actual Measurement of Pressure Characteristics of Fully Mechanized Caving Face ................................................................................................................................ 9 2.3 Working Face Pressure Law .............................................................................. 16 2.4 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 25 3 Simulation of Pressure and Overlying Strata Movement Laws of 42107 Fully Mechanized Caving Face in Buertai Mine ........................................................... 26 3.1 Similar Material Simulation Scheme ................................................................. 26 3.2 Simulated Mining Process of Similar Materials .............................................. 30 3.3 Overlying Strata Breakage Laws of 2-2 Coal And 4-2 Coal in Buertai Mine by Repeated Mining .................................................................................................... 36 3.4 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 36 4 Strong pressure behavior Mechanism of 42107 Fully Mechanized Caving Face In Buertai Mine .............................................................................................. 38 4.1 Key Strata Location Discrimination .................................................................. 38 4.2 Occurrence of the Far Field Key Stratum of 42107 Working Face ............ 39 4.3 Mining Fissure Development Height of 42107 Working Face is Estimated ............ 39 4.4 Roof Structure Movement Laws of 42107 Working Face ............................. 45 4.5 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 47 万方数据 VII 5 Strong Pressure Control Technology and Effect of 42107 Fully Mechanized Caving Face in Buertai Coal Mine ..................................................................... 48 5.1 Working Face Strong Pressure Control Technology ........................................ 48 5.2 Control Technology Effect Analysis .................................................................. 51 5.3 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 60 6 Conclusions and Prospects .................................................................................. 61 6.1 Main Conclusions ................................................................................................ 61 6.2 Research Prospects............................................................................................... 62 References .