褶皱区域煤柱型冲击矿压前兆信息与监测预警指标研究.pdf
国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0801403) 国家自然科学基金项目(51874292,51804303) 江苏省重点研发计划(BE2015040) 江苏省自然科学基金(BK20180643) 硕士学位论文 褶皱区域煤柱型冲击矿压前兆信息 与监测预警指标研究 Study on the Precursor Ination and Forecasting Inedices of Pillar-Rockburst in Fold Area 作 者陈为帅 导 师窦林名 教授 中国矿业大学 2019 年 5 月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,同意本人所撰写的学 位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一, 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位论文的 部分使用权,即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电子版,可以使 用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文;②为教学和科研目的,学校档案 馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、 图书馆等场所或在校园网上供校 内师生阅读、浏览。另外,根据有关法规,同意中国国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 (保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书) 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 中图分类号 TD324 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 褶皱区域煤柱型冲击矿压前兆信息与 监测预警指标研究 Study on the Precursor Ination and Forecasting Inedices of Pillar-Rockburst in Fold Area 作 者 陈为帅 导 师 窦林名 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 灾害防控 答辩委员会主席 曹胜根 评 阅 人 盲评 二○一九年五月 万方数据 致致 谢谢 所有的故事都会有结局,或悲或喜,或黑或白。回想这三年来的点点滴滴,心中五 味杂陈、感慨颇深,这是我人生中至为宝贵的一段经历和财富,这三年我获得了很多, 也失去了很多,也是成长了很多 首先,感谢我的导师窦林名教授。三年前,当我惴惴不安的站在窦林名教授面前, 申请读他的研究生时,窦林名教授一句肯定的回复,让我对未来的三年充满了期望与信 念。三年来无论是生活还是学术方面,都给予我悉心指导、言传身教和大力支持。窦林 名教授为人朴实、充满亲和力,对我们有无微不至的关怀;在学术上,有严谨的治学态 度、渊博的知识积累、开阔的学术视野和丰硕的研究成果;在学生培养上,耐心指导、 因材施教、有全面的培养方案,让我们每一个人都得以长足的发展和进步。导师从一开 始就让我立足基础,扎实前进,从课题组研究方向理论基础着手、查阅文献著作,让沈 威师兄带我到矿上出差学习、发现问题,我慢慢熟悉课题组的研究内容,逐步到自己写 报告、出差解决问题,让我得到快速的成长。而本论文的撰写,更是倾注了导师无数的 心思和汗水,从论文选题、内容结构、从试验到现场、从初稿到定稿,整个过程都是在 导师悉心指导下完成的。 值此论文完成之际,在此我衷心向我的恩师致以最崇高的敬意 和最诚挚的感谢。 特别感谢课题组曹安业教授, 在我学习和生活中给予了数不胜数的指导和帮助。当 我拿着一份漏洞百出、 毫无质量的报告站在曹教授面前时, 曹教授不厌其烦的找出问题、 逐字逐句反反复复教我修改, 我的能力和水平得到了极大提升, 在以后的报告撰写以及 论文撰写中少走了很多弯路, 避免了很多错误, 这种细心、 严谨的态度会一直影响着我。 特别感谢课题组蔡武讲师在报告撰写、现场实践方面的指导,尤其在论文写作过程 中的全方位指导帮助。 三年来对于课题组所研究的内容从零认知到熟悉、 再到部分掌握, 尤其是多参量监测预警方面,当我遇到问题,蔡武讲师总能给予我及时的讲解和解释, 从软件应用到理论讲解,全面耐心的指导,让我储备了很多这方面的知识。同时,在生 活中也得到了蔡武讲师很多的关怀和帮助。 还要感谢冲击矿压课题组中其他各位老师以及师兄弟的帮助与指导, 三年来与你们 相伴的点点滴滴,弥足珍贵,此生难忘,在此向你们表达我最真诚的感谢。 最后,感谢各位专家、教授对本文的评审和指正 陈为帅 2019 年 5 月 中国矿业大学矿业科学中心 B530-2 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 我国西北部地质构造运动活跃, 褶皱构造发育,煤矿开采过程中受褶皱煤柱复合因 素导致的冲击矿压愈发常见,但关于褶皱区域煤柱型冲击矿压的研究相对较少。为此, 本文以胡家河矿褶皱区域煤柱型冲击矿压为研究背景, 通过理论分析、现场原位观测与 识别、实验室试验、模糊数学计算等方法,研究褶皱区域煤柱型冲击矿压的前兆信息与 监测预警指标,实现开采过程中的准确监测预警,以及时采取有效措施,防治褶皱区域 煤柱型冲击矿压的发生。 理论分析了褶皱、煤柱的受力状态和冲击显现特征,得到褶皱区域受水平静载应力 集中, 煤柱受垂直静载应力集中,褶皱构造区域的煤柱围岩体同时受垂直与水平高静载 应力的叠加影响, 当静载应力或采掘、矿震等动载应力与静载应力叠加超过冲击矿压发 生的临界应力水平时,就会诱发冲击矿压灾害的发生。 胡家河煤矿属于典型的褶皱、煤柱型冲击矿压,依据在褶皱、煤柱等阶段微震监测 预警的前兆信息特征,选择确定的 Ab值、断层总面积 At、微震活动度 S、微震活动 标度△F、等效能级参数 EEM、总应力当量 TSE 等参数在冲击矿压发生时呈现高值异 常;b 值和算法复杂性 AC 在冲击矿压显现发生时呈现低值异常。 通过实验室试验,得到胡家河煤矿煤样破坏过程的全应力应变曲线; 根据试验观测 结果,在试样失稳破坏时,现场确定的参数指标出现明显的上升或跌落特征,与应力应 变曲线具有很高的正向或负向耦合关系; 因此可以从这些参数指标与应力应变的耦合关 系中辨识出冲击矿压发生的前兆信息, 揭示出各指标监测预警褶皱区域煤柱型冲击矿压 的可行性。 基于煤岩体受载变形至失稳破坏过程中的力学响应, 弹塑性过渡阶段及塑性变形阶 段中应力与应变的关系,经无量纲标准化处理,得到褶皱、煤柱型冲击矿压危险的监测 预警指标和危险判别准则。 以原位观测和试验结果,构建了由 8 个指标组成的综合监测 预警指标体系。 应用高斯模型结合可靠性理论中样品破坏时间的指数分布函数,建立综 合监测预警体系中各指标的隶属函数,应用混淆矩阵中分类模型评估方法(F-score)确 定综合监测预警指标体系中每个指标的权重,最终通过最大隶属度原则(MMDP)和变 量模糊模式识别(VFPR)原则,得到褶皱区域煤柱型冲击矿压危险的综合监测预警结 果。 基于褶皱区域煤柱型冲击矿压综合监测预警方法,开展了胡家河 401103 工作面监 测预警工程实践,取得良好应用效果。 该论文有图 74 幅,表 9 个,参考文献 109 篇。 关键词关键词冲击矿压;褶皱煤柱;前兆信息;隶属函数;指标权重;综合监测预警。 万方数据 II Abstract The geological tectonic movement in the northwestern of China is active, and the fold structure is developed. The rockburst caused by the composite factors of folds and coal pillar is more and more common in the coal mine, but there are few studies on the pillar-rockburst in fold area. Therefore, this paper takes the pillar-rockburst in fold area of Hujiahe Mine as the research object, and study the precursor ination and forecasting indices of pillar-rockburst in fold area, by theoretical analysis, on-site observation and identification, laboratory test and fuzzy mathematical calculations, etc. Achieve accurate monitoring and warning during the mining process, and take effective measures to prevent the occurrence of pillar-rockburst in fold area. The stress state and rockburst characteristics of fold structure and pillar structure are analyzed theoretically. The horizontal static load stress is concentrated in the fold region, and the coal pillar is concentrated by the vertical static load stress. The pillar and its surrounding rock mass in fold area is superimposed by vertical and horizontal high static load stress, at the same time. When the static load stress, or the dynamic stress and static load stress such as excavation and microseism overlap the critical stress level of the rockburst, the rockburst disaster will be induced. The rockburst of Hujiahe Coal Mine belongs typical fold and pillar type. According to the precursory ination characteristics of monitoring and warning in the stage of coal pillars and folds, the selected parameters, like Ab、At、S、△F、EEM、TSE are presented with high-value anomaly, b and AC are presented with low-value anomaly when the rockburst occurs. The whole stress-strain curve of coal sample failure process in Hujiahe coal mine was obtained by laboratory test. According to the experimental observation results, during the failure of the sample, the parameters determined on-site show obvious rising or falling characteristics, and have a very high positive or negative coupling relationship with the stress- strain curve. Thus, the precursor ination of rockburst can be identified from the coupling relationship between these parameters and stress and strain, and the feasibility of forecasting pillar- rockburst in fold area can be revealed. Based on the mechanical response of coal and rock in the process from loading deation to instability failure, the relationship between stress and strain in the elasto-plastic transition stage and plastic deation stage, the dimensionless standardized treatment was carried out to obtain the monitoring and warning inds and risk discrimination criteria of 万方数据 III pillar-rockburst in fold area. Based on the in-situ observation and experimental results, a comprehensive forecasting indicator system consisting of 8 indicators was constructed.The Gaussian model is combined with the exponential distribution function of the sample failure time in the reliability theory to establish the membership function of each index in the comprehensive monitoring and early warning system.Applying the F-score of confusion matrix to determine the weight of each index in the comprehensive forecasting index system.Finally, through the principle of maximum membership degree principle MMDP and variable fuzzy pattern recognition mode VFPR, obtain the comprehensive forecasting results of pillar- rockburst risk in fold area. Using the comprehensive monitoring and warning of pillar- rockburst in fold area to monitor the tremors in the 401103 working face of Hujiahe Coal Mine, and obtained a good application results. This thesis has 74 figures, 9 tables and 109 references. Keywords rockburst; fold-pillar; precursor ination; Gaussian membership function; index weight; comprehensive forecasting. 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ....................................................................................................................................... I 目目 录录 .....................................................................................................................................IV 图清单图清单 ................................................................................................................................. XIII 表清单表清单 ................................................................................................................................ XVII 变量注释表变量注释表 .......................................................................................................................XVIII 1 绪论绪论 ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 研究背景及意义............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 研究矿井概况................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 国内外研究现状............................................................................................................. 4 1.4 主要研究内容................................................................................................................. 8 1.5 研究技术路线................................................................................................................. 9 2 褶皱区域煤柱型冲击矿压力学分析褶皱区域煤柱型冲击矿压力学分析 .................................................................................. 10 2.1 冲击矿压的分类........................................................................................................... 10 2.2 褶皱受力状态及其冲击特征....................................................................................... 11 2.3 煤柱受力状态及其冲击特征....................................................................................... 14 2.4 褶皱区域煤柱型冲击显现特征................................................................................... 19 2.5 小结............................................................................................................................... 19 3 褶皱区域煤柱型冲击矿压前兆信息褶皱区域煤柱型冲击矿压前兆信息 .................................................................................. 21 3.1 褶皱区域煤柱型冲击矿压前兆信息特征................................................................... 21 3.2 前兆信息的影响参数及其物理意义........................................................................... 22 3.3 前兆信息参数的现场原位观测与识别....................................................................... 26 3.4 褶皱区域煤柱型监测预警指标的确定....................................................................... 44 3.5 小结............................................................................................................................... 45 4 煤体损伤破裂与监测预警指标耦合试验研究煤体损伤破裂与监测预警指标耦合试验研究 ................................................................. 46 4.1 试验目的与内容........................................................................................................... 46 4.2 煤体损伤破裂的应力应变特征................................................................................... 49 4.3 煤体损伤破裂的前兆信息特征................................................................................... 50 4.4 煤体损伤破裂与前兆信息参数的耦合关系............................................................... 53 4.5 小结................................................................................................................................ 53 5 褶皱区域煤柱型冲击矿压综合监测预警方法褶皱区域煤柱型冲击矿压综合监测预警方法 .................................................................. 54 万方数据 V 5.1 冲击危险的判别准则................................................................................................... 54 5.2 监测预警指标隶属函数的建立................................................................................... 56 5.3 监测预警指标权重确定............................................................................................... 58 5.4 褶皱区域煤柱型冲击矿压综合监测预警方法........................................................... 59 5.5 小结............................................................................................................................... 61 6 褶皱区域煤柱型冲击矿压综合监测预警工程实践褶皱区域煤柱型冲击矿压综合监测预警工程实践 ......................................................... 62 6.1 胡家河矿 ARAMIS 微震监测系统 ............................................................................. 62 6.2 冲击显现记录及数据筛选........................................................................................... 63 6.3 指标权重确定............................................................................................................... 65 6.4 综合监测预警结果....................................................................................................... 67 6.5 小结............................................................................................................................... 68 7 结论结论 ..................................................................................................................................... 69 参考文献参考文献 ................................................................................................................................. 70 作者简历作者简历 ................................................................................................................................. 76 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ............................................................................................................. 77 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ..................................................................................................................... 78 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract .................................................................................................................................... II Contents ..................................................................................................................................VI List of Figures ..................................................................................................................... XIII List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... XVII List of Variables................................................................................................................XVIII 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Backgrounds and Significance ......................................................................... 1 1.2 The Survey of Reserach Mine .......................................................................................... 2 1.3 Research Status at Home and Abroad .............................................................................. 4 1.4 Main Research Contents .................................................................................................. 8 1.5 Technology Route of Research ........................................................................................ 9 2 Stress Analysis for Pillar-Rockburst in Fold Area ........................................................... 10 2.1 Classification of Rockburst ............................................................................................ 10 2.2 Stress State in Fold Area and Characteristics of Fold-Rockburst .................................. 11 2.3 Stress State of Pillars and Characteristics of Pillar-Rockburst ...................................... 14 2.4 Characteristics of Pillar-Rockburst in Fold Area ........................................................... 19 2.5 Summary ........................................................................................................................ 19 3 Precursor Microseismic Ination of Pillar-Rockburst in Fold Are