深埋大断面煤巷锚杆破断机理与控制技术研究.pdf

硕士学位论文 深埋大断面煤巷锚杆破断机理 与控制技术研究 Research on Control Technology and Analysis of Bolt Breaking Mechanism in Coal Roadway under Deep and Large Section Condition 作 者高东忍 导 师方新秋 教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一六年十月 万方数据 中图分类号 TD353 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 深埋大断面煤巷锚杆破断机理 与控制技术研究 Research on Control Technology and Analysis of Bolt Breaking Mechanism in Coal Roadway under Deep and Large Section Condition 作 者 高东忍 导 师 方新秋 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 矿山压力与岩层控制 答辩委员会主席 王旭锋 评 阅 人 曹胜根、贺宏华 二〇一六年十月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书）。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 论文审阅认定书论文审阅认定书 研究生 在规定的学习年限内，按照研究生培养方案 的要求，完成了研究生课程的学习，成绩合格；在我的指导下完成本 学位论文,经审阅，论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同， 论文撰写格式符合学校的相关规定， 同意将本论文作为学位申请论文 送专家评审。 导师签字 年 月 日 万方数据 致谢致谢 论文是在我的恩师方新秋教授的严格要求和悉心指导下完成的， 没有方老师 的指导、鼓励及资金上的大力支持，论文是不可能顺利完成的。从论文的选题、 理论分析、数值模拟计算到现场工业试验，导师都倾注了大量的心血。三年的研 究生学涯，方老师不仅教给我开拓创新思维方法和严谨治学态度，而且在学习工 作方法和为人处世上给予我耐心的指导，这将成为我一生中最宝贵的财富。值此 论文完成之际，谨向我的导师致以衷心的感谢。 在论文完成过程中，得到吴刚博士、梁敏富博士、薛广哲博士三位博士的大 力支持，感谢徐保新、柏桦林、胡秀坤、邢晓鹏、邢秉宏、李绪锦、马盟、刘兴 国等师弟的诸多帮助。正是由于他们积极向上的学习态度，构成了我们实验室浓 厚的科研学习氛围，时刻激励我努力、踏实的工作，在此一一表示感谢，。 感谢新汶矿业集团新巨龙煤矿的领导和工程技术人员对课题的研究和现场 项目的实施给予了热情的帮助和密切的配合， 论文的完成也包含了他们辛勤的劳 动，在此一并表示感谢。 感谢教育和培养我的母校中国矿业大学， 感谢所有教育培养我的母校老 师，感谢相互帮助、共同学习同学，正是他们让我度过了美好研究生生活 感谢各位专家、教授在百忙之中评审本文，由于作者水平有限，文中定有许 多错误和疏漏之处，热切希望得到您们的指教。 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 随着我国煤矿开采深度的增加，巷道围岩的应力环境发生了显著变化，其中 最显著的是地应力越来越高， 高地应力等复杂条件下大断面煤巷锚杆破断诱发的 支护结构失效问题逐渐显现，严重威胁煤矿的经济效益及安全生产。为解决深井 大断面巷道支护锚杆破断的现实问题， 本文通过理论分析研究了锚杆受复杂应力 条件下（轴向拉伸载荷、横向剪切载荷、切向扭转载荷）的力学特征，采用数值 模拟的方法研究了深井巷大断面的围岩变形规律及其在支护条件下锚杆、 锚索等 支护结构的变形特征，根据锚杆材质、破断力源和位置对锚杆破断形式进行了分 类，推导了拉伸载荷、剪切载荷复合作用下锚杆轴向拉伸应力的计算公式，基于 新巨龙煤矿现场调查结果，结合锚杆破断形式，分析了各锚杆破断的原因，并针 对性提出了使用二次支护、加大锚杆直径等控制措施，同时提出了深埋复杂应力 条件下锚杆破断控制方案，并对方案参数进行优化。论文主要取得以下成果和结 论 （1）锚杆承受的轴向拉伸载荷主要来自煤体塑性扩容、膨胀及岩层离层， 锚杆承受的横向剪切载荷主要来自岩层错动， 锚杆承受的扭转载荷主要来自预紧 力施加过程。因此，认为锚杆承受轴向拉伸载荷及横向剪切载荷都属于围岩对锚 杆进行位移加载，锚杆承受切向扭转载荷属于人为的应力加载。 （2）深埋大断面煤层巷道围岩具有变形量大、变形区域大、塑性区大的特 征，该类巷道锚杆、锚索联合支护的可靠工艺在于“锚杆先刚后柔、锚索先柔后 刚”，利用锚杆自身的延伸量和锚索端部安装的多级让压结构适应围岩变形大的 特点。 （3）根据锚杆破断力源，将锚杆破断形式分为剪断、脆断、折断、拉断、 崩盘、退帽、崩盘等六类；根据锚杆材质，将锚杆破断形式分为等强全螺纹锚杆 破断、小螺距高强锚杆破断、锚索破断等三类；根据锚杆破断位置，可将锚杆破 断形式分为肩角、肩窝、顶板靠帮第二根、顶板中部、帮部靠顶板第二根、帮中 部等六类。 （4）提出深埋复杂应力条件下锚杆破断控制思想（提高锚杆材料的极限载 荷或减小锚杆实际承受的载荷） 和四种控制方案 （加大锚杆尺寸、 加强锚杆材料、 减弱支护刚度、实施二次支护）。 该论文有图 52 幅，表 4 个，参考文献 72 篇。 关键词关键词深井巷道；锚杆；破断；机理分析；控制方案 万方数据 II Abstract With the increase of the depth of coal mining in our country, the stress of the surrounding rock changed dramatically, and one of the most distinguish features is high geo-stress.Under high geo-stress complex conditions, such as breaking the induced anchor supporting structure failure problems appeared gradually, which is serious threat to the economic benefits of coal mine and production safety.In order To solve the deep roadway support bolt broken reality, this paper analyzes the theoretical studies of anchor under complex stress conditions axial tensile load, transverse shear load, tangential torsional load of the mechanical characteristics, using numerical simulation the studied rock deation laws of deep roadway deation features and bolt, cable and other support structures in supporting conditions, according to bolt material, the breaking strength of the source and location of the broken bolt in the of classification, deduced tensile load, shear load combined action with bolt axial tensile stress is calculated, based on the new dragon mine site survey results, combined with bolt broken , we analyzed each bolt broken reason and targeted We propose the use of secondary support, increasing the diameter of the bolt and other control measures, and proposed deep under complex stress bolt broken control program, and the program parameters were optimized. Paper made about the results and conclusions 1 Bolt withstand axial tensile load of coal, mainly from plastic expansion, expansion and ation separation, anchor withstand lateral shear loads mainly from rock dislocation, anchor withstand the torsional load mainly from the preload application process. Therefore, that anchors subject to axial tensile loads and transverse shear loads are all surrounding rock displacement of the anchor load, anchor withstand tangential torsional load belongs to artificial stress load. 2 deep seam roadway with a large cross section of large deation, deation large area, a large plastic zone features, such Bolt, reliable anchor combined support technology lies in “soft after just the first anchor, anchor immediately after the first flexible cable “, using bolt multilevel structure allows the pressure to adapt to surrounding rock deation characteristics of large capacity and extend its anchor end installation. 3 According to the source anchor breaking force, breaking the bolt into the of cut, brittle fracture, broken, pull off, crash, back caps, crash six categories; 万方数据 III according to bolt material, the bolt broken into the , etc. strong threaded bolt broken, small pitch high strength bolt broken, broken anchor and other categories; according to bolt broken position, the bolt broken into the of shoulders, Jianwo, helped by a second root roof, roof middle helped by roof second root portion, with the help of six central and the like. 4 proposed deep complex stress condition bolt broken thought control raise anchor material load limit or reduce the load anchor actually incurred and four control program to increase the size of the bolt, bolt strengthening material, weakening support stiffness, the implementation of secondary support. The paper contained 58 figures,7 tables,72 references. Keywordsdeep roadways;bolts;breaking; analysis of mechanism;control schemes 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要............................................................................................................................ I 目目 录录......................................................................................................................... IV 图清单图清单...................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单......................................................................................................................... XI 1 绪论绪论............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 问题的提出及研究意义 ......................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ..................................................................................................... 2 1.3 主要研究内容及技术路线 ..................................................................................... 8 2 不同条件下煤巷围岩变形特征数值模拟研究不同条件下煤巷围岩变形特征数值模拟研究 ..................................................... 10 2.1 我国煤矿巷道发展的特点 ................................................................................... 10 2.2 不同条件下煤层巷道围岩变形特点 ................................................................... 10 2.3 深井大断面煤层巷道稳定性控制 ....................................................................... 17 2.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 19 3 深埋大断面煤巷锚杆破断及控制原理深埋大断面煤巷锚杆破断及控制原理 ................................................................. 20 3.1 锚杆破断形式分类及原因分析 ........................................................................... 20 3.2 深埋大断面煤巷锚杆破断控制原理 ................................................................... 31 3.3 深埋大断面煤巷锚杆破断控制技术 ................................................................... 40 3.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 45 4 深埋大断面煤巷锚杆支护数值模拟研究深埋大断面煤巷锚杆支护数值模拟研究 .............................................................. 47 4.1 锚杆直径参数的数值模拟分析 ........................................................................... 47 4.2 二次支护参数的数值模拟分析 ........................................................................... 58 4.3 新巨龙矿井锚杆破断控制方案的确定 ............................................................... 69 4.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 69 5 深埋大断面煤巷锚杆破断控制技术现场应用研究深埋大断面煤巷锚杆破断控制技术现场应用研究 .............................................. 71 5.1 试验巷道概况 ....................................................................................................... 71 5.2 巷道掘进、支护工艺 ........................................................................................... 72 5.3 锚杆破断控制方法 ............................................................................................... 73 5.4 锚杆破断控制技术应用效果 ............................................................................... 74 5.5 经济效益和社会效益分析 ................................................................................... 75 万方数据 V 5.6 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 76 6 结论结论.......................................................................................................................... 77 6.1 基本结论 ............................................................................................................... 77 6.2 创新点 ................................................................................................................... 78 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 79 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 82 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 83 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 84 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II Contents ..................................................................................................................... VI List of Figures ......................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables ............................................................................................................. XI 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Present of the Problem and Research Meaning ....................................................... 1 1.2 Present Research Situation of Home and Abroad .................................................... 2 1.3 The Main Research Contents and Technical Routes ............................................... 8 2 Numerical simulation study on surrounding rock deation characteristics of coal roadway under different conditions.............................................................10 2.1 Characteristics of the Development of Coal Mine Roadway in China .................. 10 2.2 Deation Characteristics of coal Surrounding Rock under different conditons ...................................................................................................................................... 10 2.3 Stability Control of Large Section Coal Seam Roadway in Deep Mine ................ 17 2.4 Brief Summary ....................................................................................................... 19 3 Bolt breaking and control theory of Deep Large Section Roadway ................... 20 3.1 Broken Classifications and Analysis of Causes of Bolts ............................. 20 3.2 Breaking Control Principle of Rock Bolts under Deep Large Section Roadway .. 31 3.3 Bolt Broken Control Technology of Deep Large Section Roadway ..................... 40 3.4 Brief Summary ....................................................................................................... 45 4 Numerical Simulation of Deep Large Section Roadway bolt support................47 4.1 Numerical simulation analysis of anchor diameter parameters ............................. 47 4.2 Numerical simulation analysis of two support parameters .................................... 58 4.3 Determination of control scheme of bolt breaking ................................................ 69 4.4Brief Summary ........................................................................................................ 69 5 Field Application Control Technology Research Deep Large Section Roadway bolt broken .................................................................................................................. 71 5.1 Test Tunnel Survey ................................................................................................ 71 5.2 Tunnel Excavation and Supporting Technology .................................................... 72 万方数据 VII 5.3 Breaking Control of Rock Bolts ............................................................... 73 5.4 Application effect of breaking control technology of bolts ................................... 74 5.5 Economic Benefit and Social Benefit Analysis ..................................................... 75 5.6 Brief Summary ....................................................................................................... 76 6 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 77 6.1 Basic Conclusion ................................................................................................... 77 6.2 Innovation Points ................................................................................................... 78 References ................................................................................................................... 79 Author’s Resume ........................................................................................................ 82 Declaration of Thesis Originality ............................................................................. 83 Thesis Data Collection ............................................................................................... 84 万方数据 VIII 图清单图清单 图序号 图名称 页 码 图 1-1 研究技术路线图 9 F