浅埋近距离煤层回采巷道围岩结构力学模型及控制技术研究.pdf
癬 T D 3 5 3 U D C 8 密 象 公 弄 単位代碍8 1 0 4 2 4 王軍 申 澤判激肌 硬士学位 も麟琳 采ダエ程 指 嶺期隣名 渾 云 亮 取 称 教 授 山 末 科 技 大 学 二〇二八年六月 l 万方数据 国家自然科学基金项目(51474137、51574154) 山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2017BEE013) 山东省泰山学者工程专项经费资助(NO.ts201511026) 论文题目论文题目 浅埋近距离煤层回采巷道围岩结构力学浅埋近距离煤层回采巷道围岩结构力学 模型及控制技术研究模型及控制技术研究 作者姓名作者姓名 王王 军军 入学时间入学时间 2015 年年 9 月月 专业名称专业名称 采矿工程采矿工程 研究方向研究方向 矿山压力与岩层控制矿山压力与岩层控制 指导教师指导教师 谭谭 云云 亮亮 职职 称称 教教 授授 宁宁 建建 国国 副副 教教 授授 论文提交日期论文提交日期2018 年年 6 月月 论文答辩日期论文答辩日期2018 年年 5 月月 授予学位日期授予学位日期2018 年年 6 月月 万方数据 STUDY ON SURROUNDING ROCK MECHANICAL MODEL AND CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES OF ROADWAYS IN SHALLOW-BURIED CLOSE MULTIPLE COAL SEAMS A Dissertation ted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY from Shandong University of Science and Technology by Wang Jun Supervisor Professor Tan Yunliang College of Mining and Safety Engineering June 2018 万方数据 学位沿文原全J 性声明 本人呈交給山本科技大学的逮篇硬士学位恰文, 除所列参考文献和世所公 汰的文献外, 全部是本人攻減学位期同在早用指早下的研究成果。除文中己径 林明弓1 用的内容外, 本恰文不包合任何共他介人或集体己鐙友表或撲写述的研 究成果。対本文的研究徹出貢献的今人和集体, 均己在文中以明碗方式林明。 本人完全意沢到本声明的法律結果由本人承担 若有不美之処, 本人層意承担相美法律責任。 硬 士 益名8 多 早 日 期8 ル| , . ′ _ l θ 万方数据 学位沿文使用授杖声明 本人完全了解山本科技大学有美保留、使用学位稔文的規定, 同意本人所 撲写的学位透文的使用授杖按照学校的管理規定処理。 作力申清学位的条件之一, 学校有杖保留学位沿文井向国家有美部l ] 或其 指定机杓送交透文的屯子版和紙反版3 有枚将学位沿文的全部或部分内容編入 有美数据摩友表, 井可以以屯子、同絡及其他数字媒体形式公汗出版; 允4 学 校梢案情和国事情保留学位恰文的鋲反版和屯子版, 可以使用影印、縮印或拍 描等夏制手段保存和江編学位沿文3 カ教学和科研目的, 学校梢案倍和国事情 可以将公牙的学位稔文作力資料在梢案情、国市竹等場所或在校国同上供校内 用生回演、測覧。 保密的学位沿文在解密后適用本授杖 硬 士 生 笠 名 多7 日 期 ッl γ. b . l ο 早姉釜名 日 期 / 協 万方数据 学位沿文申査決定事 研究生 工子 在規定的学コ年限内, 接照培券方案及今人培券汁剣 , 完成了深程学コ, 成鏡合格, 修満規定学分3 在我的指早下完成本学位沿文, 沿文中的現点、数据、表述和錯杓力我所汰同, 沿文撲写格式符合学校的相美 規定, 同意洛本透文作力申清学位沿文。 /錫 銘 期 瓢 日 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 摘要 I 摘摘 要要 鄂尔多斯地区矿井主采煤层多、煤层埋藏浅。近几年大部分矿井出现了浅 埋近距离煤层开采问题,即下煤层上方多为上煤层采空区矸石及遗留的区段煤 柱,导致下煤层回采巷道的顶板结构和应力环境发生了显著变化,下煤层回采 巷道在掘进及回采期间极易出现顶板破碎、下沉量大、片帮严重等问题。本文 以高家梁煤矿 20314 辅运顺槽为工程背景,采用理论分析、数值模拟和现场应 用相结合的方法,研究了浅埋近距离煤层回采巷道围岩结构力学模型及控制技 术,主要工作及结论如下 (1)针对浅埋近距离煤层回采巷道围岩结构并结合相关理论基础,构建了 采空区下巷道围岩结构力学模型,获得了巷道顶板岩梁与巷帮锚固体所受最大 拉应力的表达式;研究了不同因素对巷道围岩稳定性的影响规律,提出通过增 大锚杆长度以及提高锚杆(索)锚固力控制围岩稳定性。 (2)分析了煤柱底板岩层应力分布规律,考虑非均布载荷对巷道顶板的影 响,建立了煤柱下巷道围岩结构力学模型,获得了巷道顶板岩梁所受的最大拉 应力,发现非均布载荷作用下巷道围岩易因局部过载而破坏,在此基础上提出 了煤柱下巷道围岩的控制原则。 (3)根据浅埋近距离煤层回采巷道围岩结构力学模型、支护构件性能分析 及围岩控制原则给出了围岩控制方法及要点。以采空区下巷道围岩结构力学模 型为基础,同时考虑上煤层工作面底板破坏深度的影响,获得了架棚支护设计 方法;修正了锚固岩梁理论,提出了锚杆支护参数的设计方法。基于煤柱下巷 道受到高应力及非均布载荷作用的影响,提出了煤柱下巷道围岩稳定性控制对 策。对高家梁煤矿 20314 辅运顺槽进行支护设计,初步确定了支护参数。 (4) 采用 UDEC 数值软件对采空区及煤柱下巷道的不同支护方案进行了数 值模拟,通过对比分析确定了合理的支护参数,并在高家梁煤矿 20314 辅运顺 槽进行了现场应用。矿压监测结果表明掘进和回采期间巷道围岩变形量、锚杆 (索)受力及顶板离层均在合理范围内,巷道围岩变形破坏得到了有效控制。 关键词关键词浅埋,近距离煤层,力学模型,回采巷道,控制技术,数值模拟 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 摘要 II Abstract There are many shallow-buried coal seams in coal mines in Erdos Area. In recent years, the problems of mining close coal seams appeared in most of mines in this area. The lower coal seam is under the gangue and remaining section coal pillars in the upper seam, leading to many changes of the roof structure and stress environment of the roadways in the lower coal seam. As a result, some serious problems such as the roof breakage and subsidence are easy to occur during the periods of excavation and recovery of the lower seam roadways. Therefore, this dissertation studies the mechanical model and control technologies of surrounding rocks of roadways in shallow-buried close multiple coal seams with the s of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field application, based on the background of 20314 auxiliary roadway in Gao Jialiang coal mine. The main conclusions are as follows 1 According to the surrounding rock structure of roadways in shallow-buried close multiple coal seams and the relevant theoretical foundation, the mechanical model of the surrounding rock structure under the goaf is established, and the maximum tensile stress is obtained for the roof rock beam and the roadway side bolt solid. The influence law of different factors on the stability of the roadway surrounding rock is then studied, and the principles is proposed to control the stability of surrounding rocks by increasing the length of bolts and increasing the bolt cable anchoring force. 2 After that, the stress distribution law of the floor strata under the coal pillar is analyzed. By considering the influence of the uneven distribution load on the roof of roadways under the coal pillar, the mechanical model of the roof of roadways under the coal pillar is established, and the maximum tensile stress of the roof rock beam is obtained. The surrounding rock of roadways under the uneven distribution load are easily damaged by the local overload. Because of this, the principles are also proposed to control roadway surrounding rocks under the coal pillar. 3 According to the mechanical model of the surrounding rock structure, the perance analysis of support elements and the control principles of surrounding rocks, the s and key points to control roadway surrounding rocks are given. Based on the mechanical model of 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 摘要 III surrounding rock structure under the goaf and effects of the floor failure depth of the upper coal seam working face, the design of shelf support is obtained. The theory of anchorage rock beam is then modified and the design of bolting support parameters is also proposed. Based on the influence of high stress and uneven load on roadways under the coal pillar, the control measures for the stability of roadway surrounding rocks under the coal pillar are put forward. Then the support parameters of 20314 auxiliary roadway in Gao Jialiang coal mine are preliminarily determined according to the support design. 4 The UDEC numerical software is used to simulate the different support schemes of roadways under the goaf and the coal pillar, and the optimized support parameters are determined by comprising the simulation results. At last, the field application is carried out in 20314 auxiliary roadway in Gao Jialiang coal mine. The monitoring results show that the deation of the surrounding rock, the force of the bolt cable and the roof separation are in reasonable ranges, which means that the deation failure of the roadway surrounding rocks has been effectively controlled. Key words shallow-buried, close multiple coal seams, mechanical model, roadway, control technologies, numerical simulation 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 IV 目目 录录 摘要摘要 ........................................................................................................... I 目录目录 ......................................................................................................... IV 1 绪论绪论 ..................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景及意义 ................................................................................................ 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ................................................................................................ 2 1.3 主要研究内容及技术路线 ................................................................................ 7 2 浅埋近距离煤层浅埋近距离煤层回采回采巷道围岩结构力学模型巷道围岩结构力学模型 ................................ 9 2.1 采空区下巷道围岩结构力学模型 .................................................................... 9 2.2 煤柱下巷道围岩结构力学模型 ...................................................................... 23 2.3 本章小结 .......................................................................................................... 30 3 浅埋近距离煤层浅埋近距离煤层回采回采巷道巷道围岩围岩支护设计支护设计....................................... 32 3.1 浅埋近距离煤层回采巷道围岩控制原理 ...................................................... 32 3.2 浅埋近距离煤层回采巷道支护设计方法 ...................................................... 34 3.3 巷道支护参数设计 .......................................................................................... 43 3.4 本章小结 .......................................................................................................... 47 4 浅埋近距离煤层浅埋近距离煤层回采回采巷道支护参数模拟研究巷道支护参数模拟研究 .............................. 49 4.1 模型建立 .......................................................................................................... 49 4.2 采空区下巷道模拟结果分析 .......................................................................... 51 4.3 煤柱下巷道模拟结果分析 .............................................................................. 56 4.4 本章小结 .......................................................................................................... 60 5 现场实践研究现场实践研究 ................................................................................... 61 5.1 工程概况 .......................................................................................................... 61 5.2 巷道支护参数 .................................................................................................. 63 5.3 矿压监测方案及结果分析 .............................................................................. 66 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 V 5.4 本章小结 .......................................................................................................... 74 6 主要结论与展望主要结论与展望 ............................................................................... 76 6.1 主要结论 .......................................................................................................... 76 6.2 创新点 .............................................................................................................. 77 6.3 展望 .................................................................................................................. 77 参考文献参考文献 ................................................................................................. 78 致谢致谢 ......................................................................................................... 84 攻读硕士学位期间主要成果攻读硕士学位期间主要成果 ................................................................. 85 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 VI Contents 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research background and significance ................................................................................... 1 1.2 Domestic and foreign research status ..................................................................................... 2 1.3 Main research contents and technical route ............................................................................ 7 2 Surrounding rock structure mechanical model of roadways in shallow-buried close mutiple coal seams ................................................................. 9 2.1 Structural model of surrounding rock of the roadway under the goaf .................................... 9 2.2 Structural model of surrounding rock of the roadway under the coal pillar ......................... 23 2.3 Summary of this chapter ....................................................................................................... 30 3 Surrounding rock support designs of roadways in shallow-buried close mutiple coal seams ................................................................................................... 32 3.1 Surrounding rock control principles of shallow-buried close coal seam roadways .............. 32 3.2 Support design of shallow-buried close coal seam roadways .................................. 34 3.3 Design of support parameters ............................................................................................... 43 3.4 Summary of this chapter ....................................................................................................... 47 4 Study on simulation of roadway support parameters in shallow-buried close mutiple coal seams ................................................................................................... 49 4.1 Model establishment ............................................................................................................. 49 4.2 Analysis of the simulation results of the roadway under goafs ............................................ 51 4.3 Analysis of the simulation results of the roadway under coal pillars ................................... 56 4.4 Summary of this chapter ....................................................................................................... 60 5 Engineering applications ................................................................................... 61 5.1 Project overview ................................................................................................................... 61 5.2 Roadway support parameters ................................................................................................ 63 5.3 Monitoring schemes and the results analysis ........................................................................ 66 5.4 Summary of this chapter ....................................................................................................... 74 6 Main conclusions and prospects ....................................................................... 76 6.1 Main conclusions .................................................................................................................. 76 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 VII 6.2 Innovation points .................................................................................................................. 77 6.3 Prospects ............................................................................................................................... 77 References ................................................................................................................. 78 Acknowledgement .................................................................................................... 84 Major achievements during the study of masters degree ................................... 85 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 绪论 1 1 绪论绪论 1.1 研究研究背景背景及及意义意义 长期以来,煤炭作为我国的主要能源,在我国一次能源消费结构中所占的 比例一直很大。据统计,2016 年我国煤炭消费在能源消费结构中所占的比例达 到 62.0,仍然占据主体地位。与之相比,石油占 18.3,非化石能源占 13.3, 天然气仅占 6.4。尽管我国能源结构一直在调整过程中,但以煤炭为主的局面 在短期内难以改变。未来一段时期内,煤炭资源仍将是我国的能源主体和重要 的战略物资,预计到 2022 年,煤炭所占比重仍然不会低于 54[1]。 近年来,我国东部地区煤炭资源储量逐渐匮乏[2-4],西部地区逐渐成为煤炭 开采的主战场。我国西部地区广泛赋存着浅埋的侏罗纪煤田,特别是鄂尔多斯 地区的煤炭储量十分丰富[5-7],因其可采煤层多、煤层厚、构造简单等优越条件 而为世人瞩目;其地理位置又具有承东启西的作用,在我国能源发展战略中具 有重要地位,是西部大开发乃至全国经济发展的能源基础。 目前,鄂尔多斯地区大部分矿井有 56 个可采煤层[8],总厚度 14.121.5m, 煤层埋藏浅,部分地区有 10 个以上可采煤层,厚度 27m,倾角 18 ,煤层间 距较小,煤层间岩层既有较为坚硬的砂岩,也有强度较低的泥岩。近年来随着 煤矿产量的逐年增加及开采强度的不断加大,该地区许多矿井主采煤层转入下 部,出现了近距离煤层开采问题[9-10]。随着煤层间距离的减小,上下煤层间开采 的相互影响会逐渐增大,上煤层的开采引起采场围岩应力重新分布,下部煤层 开采前顶板已受到上部煤层的开采损伤影响,同时其上方为上煤层开采形成的 采空区矸石及遗留的区段煤柱,导致下煤层回采巷道的顶板结构和应力环境发 生了一系列变化[11],下煤层回采巷道在掘进及回采期间极易出现顶板破碎、下 沉量大、片帮严重等问题,巷道维护比较困难[12-13]。 鄂尔多斯市昊华精煤有限责任公司高家梁煤矿现