泥质岩体微观分子位态变化引发巷道失稳机理研究.pdf
硕士学位论文 泥质岩体微观分子位态变化引发 巷道失稳机理研究 Study on the Instability Mechanism of Rock Mass Induced by the Micro-molecular State Change 作 者高 凯 导 师李桂臣 教授 中国矿业大学 〇二一七年五月 国家自然科学基金面上项目资助(51574224) 江苏省自然科学基金面上研究项目资助(BK20141130) 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2014QNB27) 江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD) 万方数据 中图分类号 TD353 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 泥质岩体微观分子位态变化引发 巷道失稳机理研究 Study on the Instability Mechanism of Rock Mass Induced by the Micro-molecular State Change 作 者 高 凯 导 师 李桂臣 教授 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 岩体力学与岩层控制 答辩委员会主席 柏建彪 评 阅 人 阚甲广 倪建明 二○一七年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一, 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权,即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版,可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文;②为教学和 科研目的,学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外,根据有关法规,同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 (保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书) 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 致谢 致谢 行文至此, 意味着我的硕士生涯已至谢幕时刻。 回首三年矿大的学习与生活, 百感交集,苦辣酸甜集结于心头,但心中充盈最多的仍是感激。 首先感谢我的导师李桂臣教授对我生活和学业上无微不至的关心和帮助, 李 老师品德高尚、待人和善、治学严谨、学识渊博,在我三年的硕士学习期间,他 不仅传授了我做学问的技巧,还传授了我做人的准则,这些必将让我受益终身。 从论文选题、思路形成、撰写、修改到最后成文的整个过程中,每一步都凝聚了 李老师的智慧和心血。在写作过程中,李老师耐心听取我的阶段汇报,及时提出 修订方案,保证了论文的顺利进行。值此论文完结之时,再次向李老师致以我最 真诚的谢意。 论文在开题和撰写过程中还得到了张农教授、阚甲广副教授、郑西贵教授、 赵一鸣老师、韩昌良老师以及钱德雨老师的宝贵建议和悉心指导,感谢几位老师 在我撰写硕士论文比较迷茫的初期阶段给我简单明了的指导意见, 使我在以后的 写作中少走很多弯路。另外在此还要特别感谢我校材料学院牛继南副教授,感谢 他在 Materials Studio 软件学习方面给予自己的大力指导。没有几位老师的不吝 赐教,硕士论文将同样难以顺利完成。 感谢冯晓巍博士和潘东江博士在硕士论文中泥岩浸水实验方面的指导, 感谢 同窗孙元田博士在论文写作过程中给与的建议与指导,感谢课题组同窗吴朋起、 张天池、 李井、 岳炜、 王龙辉等硕士在论文写作过程中给予的帮助, 感谢崔光俊、 杨力、侯保全、杜乐乐、孙长伦、郝文军、吕金帅、刘哲、谢正正等硕士师弟们 在实验模型的铺设及实验过程中的数据处理给予的巨大帮助。 在科研项目的现场实践中要特别感谢淮北矿业集团涡北煤矿总工程师况峰、 掘进副总工程师范云鹏、 技术科技术员李志鹏等相关领导给予的现场支持与指导, 正是由于大家一起克服井下艰苦条件才得以实现项目现场的实施。 最应该感谢的是我的父母,是他(她)们一直在背后默默的支持我的学习与 生活,在我迷茫的时候一直鼓励着我前进,做到了他们可以做到的一切。感谢我 的两位姐姐一直以来对我生活上的默默支持,他(她)们的付出,我一生难以报 答,谢谢爱我的家人。 最后衷心感谢各位专家、老师在百忙之中评审本文,由于作者水平有限,论 文仍有诸多不足之处,希望能够得到指导和建议 高 凯 2017 年 5 月 4 日写于徐州 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 中国煤矿每年新掘井巷工程量约 25000 km,巷道顶板长期安全保障尤为重 要,统计两淮等矿区 40 余个矿井 28 起冒顶事故,泥质巷道顶板锚固失稳垮冒比 例达 46.4,多发生在断层、破碎带、软弱夹层、水化泥岩等特殊条件,当岩层 吸水泥化,煤岩层完整程度受到损伤时,围岩强度随时间出现显著衰减,巷道维 护难度剧增,泥质巷道锚固失稳致灾机理、关键影响因素分析与安全控制成为煤 矿井巷支护棘手难题之一。 本文以淮北矿区涡北煤矿 8106 机巷为工程背景, 采用理论分析、 数值模拟、 实验室实验和现场观测相结合的方法, 建立了泥岩变形的力学特性及其本构方程; 分析了 8106 机巷泥岩的主要粘土成分类型及浸水之后微观结构变化特征;进行 了高岭石泥岩颗粒表面水化作用的分子动力学模拟; 并在现场进行了预注浆等围 岩强化工作,有效控制巷道变形。得到如下主要结论 (1)阐明了泥岩的基本物理力学性质,并且根据实验和 8106 机巷等现场的 具体情况,进行泥岩含水量变化的实验,归纳出泥岩的内聚力 C、内摩擦角 φ 与 含水量 W 的关系。通过运用弹塑性理论、弹粘性理论建立了一个本构方程以用 来反映泥岩出现非线性体积应变的本质关系。 (2)针对泥质裂隙岩体水化过程中微观结构(包括胶结、颗粒、孔隙等) 的演变特征,分别进行了不同岩样的浸水-风干实验、不同岩样不同含水状态下 的 SEM 观测实验,从微观角度分析了泥岩浸水条件下的典型结构变化特征。 (3)运用 Material Studios(MS)软件进行了高岭石颗粒表面水化作用的分 子动力学模拟, 分析了高岭石泥岩遇水与典型以蒙脱石为代表的泥岩遇水泥化的 作用机理,得出了高岭石等粘粒遇到水时,虽然晶胞之间不允许进入水分子,但 其粘粒表面具有游离价原子和离子,这些原子或离子具有静电引力,在粘土表面 形成静电引力场。同时,水分子是偶极体,一端为正电荷,一端带负电荷,可被 静电引力所吸引,得到粘粒表面附近的水分子紧密地、整齐地排列起来的结论。 (4) 在淮北矿区涡北煤矿 8106 机巷开展了渗水泥化巷道治理的验证研究和 工业性试验,巷道维控效果良好,表明控制技术选用得当,有效保障了巷道的后 期使用,取得了良好的经济与社会效益。 论文共有图 50 幅,表 15 个,参考文献 86 篇。 关键词关键词泥岩;高岭石;分子模拟;渗水泥化;巷道失稳 万方数据 II Abstract Chinas coal mine’s new excavation of sinking and driving engineering is about 25,000 km every year, the roadway roof long-term safety and security is particularly important, Statistics in recent years about Huainan and Huaibei coal mine more than 40 mines from the roof and about 28 accidents, mud roadway roof anchorage instability collapse rate of 46.4, which occurred in faults, crushing zone, weak interlayer, hydrated mudstone and other special conditions. When the rock layer is absorbed by water and mud, the integrity of the rock ation is damaged, the strength of the surrounding rock is obviously attenuated with time, the difficulty of roadway maintenance is increasing, The mechanism of destabilizing disaster, the analysis of key influencing factors and the safety control become one of the difficult problems in coal mine roadway support. This paper analyzes the mechanical properties of the mudstone deation and the constitutive equation of the Guobei coal mine. In this paper, the mechanical characteristics and the constitutive equation of the deation of the mudstone are studied by means of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, indoor experiment and field observation. The main clay composition type and the microstructure change characteristics of the mudstone in the 8106 roadway were studied. The molecular dynamics of the surface hydration of the kaolinite mudstone was simulated. At the same time, the surrounding rock was strengthened and the roadway was deed Get some control. The following main conclusions are obtained (1)The basic physical and mechanical properties of the mudstone are elucidated, and the experiment of the mudstone water content change is carried out according to the experiment and the specific situation of the 8106 machine lane. The relationship between the cohesion force C and the internal friction angle φ and the water content W Through the use of elasto-plastic theory and the elastic theory to establish a constitutive equation to reflect the essential relationship between the nonlinear volume strain of mudstone. (2)The immersion characteristics of microstructures including cementation, granules, porosity, etc. during the hydration process of mud-fractured rock mass were carried out respectively. The SEM observation of different rock samples under different water conditions was carried out. The microstructural characteristics of mudstone were studied. 万方数据 III (3)The molecular dynamics simulation of the surface hydration of kaolinite particles was carried out by using Material Studios MS software. The kaolinite mudstone and the mudstone of typical montmorillonite were analyzed and analyzed. The mechanism of action is different, obtained kaolinite and other cosmids encountered water, although the unit cells are not allowed to enter the water molecules. But its cosmid surface has free valence atoms and ions, these atoms or ions with electrostatic attraction, in the clay surface to electrostatic gravitational field. The water molecule is a dipole, one end is a positive charge, one end with a negative charge, can be attracted by electrostatic attraction. So close to the surface of the clay particles close to the water, neatly arranged conclusions. (4) The verification and industrial test of the seepage and cementing roadway in the 8106 machine tunnel of Guobei Coal Mine in Huaibei Mining Area were carried out, and the control effect of roadway was good, which indicated that the control technology was selected properly, which effectively guaranteed the normal use of roadway and achieved good Economic and social benefits. The paper has 50 figures,15 tables and 86 references. Keywords mudstone; kaolinite; molecular simulation; seepage mudding; roadway unstability. 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要............................................................................................................................ I 目目 录录......................................................................................................................... IV 图清单图清单...................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单......................................................................................................................... XI 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................... XII 1 绪论绪论............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 选题背景及意义 ..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ..................................................................................................... 3 1.3 研究内容、方法及技术路线 ............................................................................... 12 2 泥岩的力学特性及其本构方程的建立泥岩的力学特性及其本构方程的建立 ................................................................. 14 2.1 泥岩变形的力学特性 ........................................................................................... 14 2.2 泥岩的弹塑性和弹粘性本构方程 ....................................................................... 24 2.3 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 31 3 泥岩浸水条件下的微观结构变化特征分析泥岩浸水条件下的微观结构变化特征分析 ......................................................... 33 3.1 岩样采集及组分测定 ........................................................................................... 33 3.2 泥岩天然状态下的微观结构 ............................................................................... 35 3.3 泥岩遇水软化的性质变化分析 ........................................................................... 37 3.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 41 4 高岭石颗粒表面水化作用的分子动力学模拟高岭石颗粒表面水化作用的分子动力学模拟 ..................................................... 42 4.1 引言 ....................................................................................................................... 42 4.2 分子动力学模拟简介 ........................................................................................... 44 4.3 分子动力学模拟过程方法 ................................................................................... 48 4.4 结果与讨论 ........................................................................................................... 55 4.5 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 58 5 富含高岭石泥质巷道泥化流变失稳及支护对策富含高岭石泥质巷道泥化流变失稳及支护对策 .................................................. 59 5.1 巷道基本概况 ........................................................................................................ 59 5.2 支护方案 ............................................................................................................... 63 5.3 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 65 6 结论结论.......................................................................................................................... 67 万方数据 V 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 69 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 74 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 75 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 76 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II Contents ..................................................................................................................... VI List of Figures ......................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables .............................................................................................................. XI List of Variables ........................................................................................................ XII 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Background and Significance ................................................................... 1 1.2 Present Research Situation of Home and Abroad .................................................... 3 1.3 Research Contents and Approaches ....................................................................... 12 2 The Mechanical Properties and Constitutive Equation of Mudstone ................ 14 2.1 Mechanical Properties Of Mudstone Deation ................................................ 14 2.2 Elastic-Plastic and Elasto-Viscous Constitutive Equation of Mudstone ............... 24 2.3 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 31 3 Analysis on the Characteristics of Microstructure Change under the Condition of Mudstone Soaking ................................................................................................. 33 3.1 Collecting and Mineral Composition Determining of Rock Sample ..................... 33 3.2 Microstructure of Mudstone in Natural State ........................................................ 35 3.3 The Macroscopic Properties Change When Mudstone Softening in Water .......... 37 3.4 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 41 4 Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Hydration of Kaolinite Particles ............... 42 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 42 4.2 Introduction of Molecular Dynamics Simulation .................................................. 44 4.3 Details of the Molecular Dynamics Simulation ..................................................... 45 4.4 Results and Discussion .......................................................................................... 55 4.5 Chapter summary ................................................................................................... 58 5 Mud Rheological Instability and Support Countermeasures of Argillaceous Roadway with Rich Kaolinite ................................................................................... 59 5.1 Basic situation of roadway ..................................................................................... 59 5.2 Supporting Ideas .................................................................................................... 63 5.3 Chapter summary ................................................................................................... 65 万方数据 VII 6 Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 67 References ................................................................................................................... 69 Author Resume ........................................................................................................... 74 Declaration of Thesis Originality.............................................................................. 75 Thesis Date Collection ............................................................................................... 76 万方数