深部矿井喷射混凝土劣化信息及性能保障研究.pdf

分类号分类号TD353密密级级 公公 开开 U D C 单位代码单位代码10424 学学 位位 论论 文文 深深部部矿矿井井喷喷射射混混凝凝土土劣劣化化信信息息 及及性性能能保保障障研研究究 李振李振 申申请请学学位位级级别别 硕硕士士学学位位专专业业名名称称矿业信息工程矿业信息工程 指指导导教教师师姓姓名名程卫民程卫民职职称称教教授授 山山 东东 科科 技技 大大 学学 二二○○一八年一八年五五月月 万方数据 论文题目论文题目 深部矿井喷射混凝土劣化深部矿井喷射混凝土劣化信息信息 及及性能性能保障保障研究研究 作者姓名作者姓名李李振振入学时间入学时间2015 年年 9 月月 专业名称专业名称矿业信息矿业信息工程工程研究方向研究方向矿矿业业信信息息管管理理 指导教师指导教师程卫民程卫民职职称称教教 授授 论文提交日期论文提交日期2018 年年 04 月月 论文答辩日期论文答辩日期2018 年年 05 月月 授予学位日期授予学位日期 万方数据 DETERIORATION MECHANISM AND PERANCE OF DEEP MINE SHOTCRETE SECURITY ANALYSIS ADissertation ted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY from Shandong University of Science and Technology by Li Zhen Supervisor Professor Cheng Wei-min College of Mining and Safety Engineering May 2018 万方数据 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 本人呈交给山东科技大学的这篇硕士学位论文，除了所列参考文献和世所公本人呈交给山东科技大学的这篇硕士学位论文，除了所列参考文献和世所公 认的文献外，全部是本人在导师指导下的研究成果。该论文资料尚没有呈交于其认的文献外，全部是本人在导师指导下的研究成果。该论文资料尚没有呈交于其 它任何学术机关作鉴定。它任何学术机关作鉴定。 硕士生签名硕士生签名 日日期期 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解山东科技大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰本人完全了解山东科技大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理。写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理。 作为申请学位的条件之一，作为申请学位的条件之一，学校有权保留学位论文并向国家有关部门或其指学校有权保留学位论文并向国家有关部门或其指 定机构送交论文的电子版和纸质版；有权将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关定机构送交论文的电子版和纸质版；有权将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关 数据库发表，并可以以电子、网络及其他数字媒体形式公开出版；允许学校档案数据库发表，并可以以电子、网络及其他数字媒体形式公开出版；允许学校档案 馆和图书馆保留学位论文的纸质版和电子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制馆和图书馆保留学位论文的纸质版和电子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制 手段保存和汇编学位论文；为教学和科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开手段保存和汇编学位论文；为教学和科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开 的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏 览。览。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权）（保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权） 硕士生签名硕士生签名导师签名导师签名 日日期期日日期期 万方数据 学位论文审查认定书学位论文审查认定书 研究生研究生在规定的学习年限内，按照培养方案及个人培养计划，完在规定的学习年限内，按照培养方案及个人培养计划，完 成了课程学习，成绩合格，修满规定学分；在我的指导下完成本学位论文，论文成了课程学习，成绩合格，修满规定学分；在我的指导下完成本学位论文，论文 中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同，论文撰写格式符合学校的相关规定，中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同，论文撰写格式符合学校的相关规定， 同意将本论文作为申请学位论文。同意将本论文作为申请学位论文。 导师签名导师签名 日日期期 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文摘要 I 摘摘 要要 我国煤矿开采逐步向深部转移，深部环境除表现出较大的外荷载作用外，还存 在高地温、湿度上升和各项灾害环境如盐害地下水侵蚀环境。在深部巷道锚喷支 护工艺中，混凝土喷层受到高地温、侵蚀性环境因素的影响，造成喷层耐久性下 降，影响喷层支护和封闭效果的发挥。针对该问题，本文通过理论研究、实验测 定、模拟分析等方法，研究深部环境下喷射混凝土喷层劣化规律，并提出提高深 井环境下混凝土喷层耐久性设计方案。 选择深部矿井典型环境因素，设计并进行喷射混凝土碳化实验。结果表明水 灰比是影响混凝土碳化主要材料因素，温度是促进喷射混凝土碳化的主要环境因 素。碳化后混凝土 28d 抗压强度是未碳化试件的 1.11.2 倍左右，但喷层碳化引起 喷层碱度降低，不利于混凝土对锚杆（网）的封闭保护作用，因此以引入减水剂 的方式控制碳化过程，结果认为减水剂能够改善混凝土喷层碳化深度。其微观机 理是减水剂使混凝土内部大孔比例明显降低，提升了试件的密实程度。 设计并进行喷射混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀实验，结果表明混凝土的质量变化随侵蚀 龄期的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势，质量损失率在 28d 至 42d 间趋于稳定。对喷 射混凝土损伤度测定结果表明损伤度在早龄期下变化不明显，在 42d 龄期左右趋 于稳定，超过 56d 后损伤度呈不可逆增长。通过掺入钢纤维研究混凝土硫酸盐层 侵蚀改善特性，结果表明钢纤维对混凝土损伤具有明显改善作用。 计算了锚喷支护条件下混凝土喷层厚度的合理区间，并选取了 3 个不同喷厚 值进行混凝土喷层在深井高地应力环境下的承载特性模拟。结果表明在此深部巷 道条件一次喷射厚度 70mm 时，塑性区范围减小，喷层受压与拱顶位移沉降量也 有下降，考虑到喷厚对锚喷承载的保护层特性，认为选择 70mm 喷厚更为合理。 以优化后的配合比和合理的喷厚指导现场应用，并对喷层进行现场取样，在 实验条件下对喷层试件的 28d 抗压强度和巷道拱顶、两帮移进量进行实测，结果 显示，试件的 28d 抗压强度符合要求，拱顶和两帮收敛量符合要求，表明优化后 的喷层强度发展和支护特性较好，能够满足试验巷道的支护要求。 关键词关键词深部矿井；喷射混凝土；劣化；数值模拟；性能保障 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文摘要 II ABSTRACT In our country, the coal mining is gradually transferred to the deep. In addition to the deep outer load, there are also high ground temperature, rising humidity and various environment such as salt water erosion. In the deep roadway bolting and shotcrete support process, the concrete spray layer is influenced by the high temperature and erosive environmental factors, resulting in the decline of the durability of the spray layer and the effect of the support and sealing effect of the spray layer. In view of this problem, this paper studies the law of shotcrete deterioration under the deep environment through theoretical research, experimental measurement and simulation analysis, and puts forward the design scheme for improving the durability of concrete spray layer under deep well environment. Select the typical environmental factors of deep mine, and design the experiment of carbonization of shotcrete. The results show that the water cement ratio is the main material factor affecting the carbonization of concrete, and temperature is the main environmental factor to promote the carbonization of shotcrete. The 28d compressive strength of concrete after carbonization is about 1.11.2 times of that of the non carbonized specimen, but the carbonization of the spray layer reduces the basicity of the spray layer, which is not conducive to the protective effect of concrete on the bolt net, so the carbonization process is controlled by the way of introducing water reducing agent. The result shows that the water reducer can improve the carbonization depth of the concrete spray layer. The microscopic measurement results show that the proportion of macro concrete in concrete decreases obviously and the density of specimens is increased. The results show that the quality of shotcrete increases first and then decreases with the increase of age of erosion, and the mass loss rate tends to be stable between 28d and 42d. The damage degree of shotcrete shows that the damage degree is not obvious at the early age, and tends to be stable at the age of 42d, and the damage degree increases irreversible after 56d. By adding steel fiber to study the erosion characteristics of concrete sulfate layer, the results show that steel fiber has a significant improvement 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文摘要 III on concrete damage. The reasonable interval of the thickness of the concrete spray layer under the bolting and shotcrete support is calculated, and 3 different shotcreting values are selected to simulate the bearing characteristics of the concrete shotcrete layer under the high ground stress environment of the deep well. The results show that the plastic zone range is reduced, the pressure of the spray layer and the displacement of the vault also decrease when the depth of the first injection is 70mm. Considering the characteristics of the protective layer of the shotcrete, it is more reasonable to choose the 70mm spray thickness. With the optimized mixture ratio and the obtained spray thickness to guide the field application, the sample of shotcrete was sampled in the field. Under the experimental conditions, the 28d compressive strength of the specimen and the displacement of the vault and two groups of displacement were measured. The results showed that the 28d compressive strength of the specimens accorded with the requirements, and the convergence of the vault and the convergent amount of the vault cons to the requirements. The results show that the optimized spray layer has better strength development and supporting characteristics, and can meet the support requirements of the tunnel. Keywordsdeep mine ； wet shotcrete ； deterioration failure ； numerical simulation；perance assurance scheme 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文目录 IV 目目 录录 1 绪绪 论论........................................................................................................1 1.1 课题的提出.............................................................................................................1 1.2 国内外研究现状.....................................................................................................2 1.3 研究目的及意义.....................................................................................................7 1.4 研究内容和方法.....................................................................................................7 2 深部矿井喷射混凝土劣化及承载特性分析深部矿井喷射混凝土劣化及承载特性分析........................................ 9 2.1 深部矿井环境条件分析.........................................................................................9 2.2 喷射混凝土碳化特性...........................................................................................13 2.3 硫酸盐对混凝土喷层侵蚀与损伤机理...............................................................15 2.4 深部矿井锚喷支护喷层承载特性机理...............................................................17 2.5 本章小结...............................................................................................................20 3 喷射混凝土碳化实验研究喷射混凝土碳化实验研究...................................................................22 3.1 喷射混凝土碳化实验设计...................................................................................22 3.2 喷射混凝土碳化实验方法...................................................................................26 3.3 喷射混凝土碳化深度扩展规律...........................................................................27 3.4 喷射混凝土碳化深度改善研究...........................................................................32 3.5 本章小结...............................................................................................................34 4 喷射混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀实验研究喷射混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀实验研究.......................................................36 4.1 硫酸盐侵蚀实验设计与方法...............................................................................36 4.2 硫酸盐侵蚀下的混凝土试件表观形态变化.......................................................38 4.3 硫酸盐侵蚀下试块的质量损失规律...................................................................40 4.4 混凝土试件力学退化规律与损伤模型研究.......................................................43 4.5 喷射混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀产物测定.......................................................................45 4.6 本章小结...............................................................................................................47 5 喷射混凝土优化喷射混凝土优化设计设计及现场应用及现场应用.......................................................48 5.1 喷射混凝土配合比优化设计...............................................................................48 5.2 混凝土喷层支护结构优化数值模拟...................................................................50 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文目录 V 5.3 喷射混凝土优化现场应用...................................................................................59 5.4 本章小结...............................................................................................................60 6 结论结论与展望与展望........................................................................................... 62 6.1 主要结论...............................................................................................................62 6.2 主要创新点...........................................................................................................62 6.3 展望.......................................................................................................................63 参考文献参考文献....................................................................................................64 致致 谢谢..........................................................................................................68 攻读硕士学位期间攻读硕士学位期间主要成果主要成果...................................................................69 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文Contents VI Contents 1 Introduction....................................................................................1 1.1 Raising of Project..........................................................................................................................1 1.2 Development Status Currently......................................................................................................2 1.3 The Aim and Meaning of the Research........................................................................................ 7 1.4 Research Content and Technical Route........................................................................................ 7 2 Analysis of Shotcrete Deterioration Mechanism ..................................................9 2.1Analysis of Environmental Conditions of Concrete Spray Layer................................................9 2.2 Theory and MechanismAnalysis of Concrete Carbonization....................................................13 2.3 Study on Corrosion Mechanism of Sulphate to Spray Layer.....................................................16 2.4 Characteristic Mechanism of Shotcrete in Deep Mine Support.................................................17 2.4 Charter Cnclusion....................................................................................................................... 20 3 Experiment of Carbonization of Wet Shotcrete...................................................22 3.1 Experimental Design...................................................................................................................22 3.2 Experimental for Carbonization of Shotcrete............................................................... 26 3.3 Law of Development of Carbonization Depth of Shotcrete.......................................................28 3.4 Study on the Improvement of Carbonization Depth of Shotcrete..............................................32 3.5 Charter Conclusion....................................................................................................................34 4 Experiment of Erosion of Wet Shotcrete..............................................................36 4.1 Design and of Experiment.............................................................................................36 4.2Appearance Changes of Concrete Specimens under Sulfate Attack.......................................... 40 4.3 Improvement of Carbonation Depth by Water Reducer.............................................................41 4.4 Mechanical Degradation and Damage Model of Shotcrete ......................................................44 4.5 Study on Sulfate Erosion Products of Shotcrete........................................................................47 4.6 Charter Conclusion....................................................................................................................48 5 Shotcrete Optimization and FieldApplication ...................................................49 5.1 Optimum Design of Mix Ratio of Shotcrete...............................................................................49 5.2 Numerical Simulation of Shotcrete Support Structure Optimization.........................................49 5.3 Field Application of Shotcrete....................................................................................................59 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文Contents VII 5.4 Charter Conclusion..................................................................................................................... 61 6 Conclusion and Prospect........................................................................................62 6.1 Main Conclusion........................................................................................................................62 6.2 Innovation Points.......................................................................................................................63 6.3 Prospect......................................................................................................................................63 Reference.....................................................................................................................64 Acknowledgements.....................................................................................................68 Main WorkAchievements During Working on Master Paper...............................69 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文绪论 1 1 绪绪 论论 1.1 课题的提出课题的提出 我国煤炭资源相对丰富，且长期以来煤炭资源在我国能源消耗中占到 60 以上，因而煤炭在我国主体能源占有重要的地位。