浅埋薄基岩窄煤柱巷道上覆岩层破断规律与稳定控制研究.pdf

江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目（PAPD） 博士学位论文 浅埋薄基岩窄煤柱巷道 上覆岩层破断规律与稳定控制研究 Research on the Overlying Strata Rupture Law and Control Technology of Narrow Coal Pillar Roadway with Shallow-Buried and Thin Bedrock 作 者王建利 导 师缪协兴 中国矿业大学 二〇一七年六月 万方数据 中图分类号 TD3 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 博士学位论文 浅埋薄基岩窄煤柱巷道 上覆岩层破断规律与稳定控制研究 Research on the Overlying Strata Rupture Law and Control Technology of Narrow Coal Pillar Roadway with Shallow-Buried and Thin Bedrock 作 者 王建利 导 师 缪协兴 申请学位 工学博士 培养单位 矿业学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 岩体力学与岩层控制 答辩委员会主席 柏建彪 评 阅 人 盲审 二○一七年六月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声学位论文使用授权声明明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 致致 谢谢 四年的博士生活一晃而过，回首走过的岁月，心中倍感充实，论文即将完成 之日，感慨良多。 “古之学者必有师。师者，所以传道受业解惑也。人非生而知之者，孰能无 惑惑而不从师，其为惑也，终不解矣。 ” ，在初略“悟惑”之时，首先诚挚地感 谢我的导师缪协兴先生，从论文的设计、试验和定稿过程中，自始至终都倾注着 先生的心血， 所给予的宽松的学术环境和自由发展空间为我的进步提供了坚强的 保障。先生以严谨的治学之道、宽厚仁慈的胸怀、积极乐观的生活态度，为我树 立了学习和工作的典范，激励我在工作道路上励精图治，开拓创新。 “涓泉絮语 润物芳，桃李芬菲双鬓苍；难忘谆谆先生恩，寸草栋柏谱华章” 。 感谢柏建彪教授对我论文的全力支持， 在我有困难的时候总是提供无私的帮 助，从室内实验和现场实践的思路、经费、人员、实验仪器，到写作过程中对论 文的悉心指导和真知灼见，让论文更加完善。友如纯水，弃华丽而守质朴，离短 暂而存长久。 四年求学过程， 也有幸得到中国矿业大学茅献彪老师、 白海波老师、 许兴亮老师、徐营老师、李磊老师等许多老师的帮助和支持。谈天下论时事，聊 人情说世故，虽将相隔千里，情仍在意长存。 感谢王水利等各位同仁，在我求学过程中，为我承担工作中的责任和重担， 在论文完成过程中与他们的沟通交流也给了我很多重要的启发， 在此表达我深切 的谢意。 感谢亲人的养育之恩和无私奉献，感谢他们的理解与支持，感谢家乡父老们 的关照，他们是我在求学和工作过程中最坚强的后盾，也是我坚持追求的勇气和 力量的源泉。 感谢论文中所引用参考文献的各位作者，感谢各位专家在百忙之中评审本 文，并期待得到更多的指导和启迪。 感人生无常，遂褪尽铅华，淡薄名利，珍生命爱人民，求天下同心，四海升 平。 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 我国西部地区回采巷道主要采用宽煤柱护巷、双巷掘进的方式，该地区煤层 赋存特点是埋藏浅、基岩薄，上覆岩层多为较厚的松散层，浅埋薄基岩煤层工作 面来压强烈，甚至造成支架压死，但保护煤柱压力较小，工作面侧向压力显现并 不剧烈，但随着矿井开采深度的加大，双巷掘进所需留设煤柱宽度也逐渐增大， 巷道维护日益困难，因此，为改善巷道维护状况并实现巷道有效控制并提高煤炭 采出率，达到安全高效生产的目的，本文综合运用理论分析、数值计算、现场试 验等方法， 对浅埋薄基岩窄煤柱巷道上覆岩层破断规律与稳定控制技术进行了系 统研究，确定了合理的窄煤柱宽度，主要研究成果为 （1）基于弹性地基上的半无限 Winkler 悬臂梁理论，给出浅埋薄基岩在侧 向煤柱内破断位置的计算式及其与基岩悬伸长度l与周期来压步距 0 l三者间的关 系式 222 000000 0 0 224322 0001020300 00 2442 -[2arctan]/ [12 ]/4 QMMMQQ x Q lqxxqxJxJxJxqqx lxl         并讨论了基岩周期来压步距、 基岩厚度及液压支架支撑对基岩侧向破断位置 的影响规律浅埋薄基岩煤层基岩厚度大，周期来压步距大、基本顶侧向破断位 置更深入煤柱，在煤柱内形成较大范围的应力降低区，为窄煤柱护巷提供有利的 位置。 （2）建立多矩形孔围岩分析力学模型，给出矩形巷道围岩应力计算式及煤 柱内垂直应力叠加计算式，并分析上覆岩层压力、断面尺寸、侧压系数对其的影 响规律， 揭示浅埋薄基岩窄煤柱巷道失稳机理 窄煤柱护巷时， 受应力叠加影响， 巷道肩角处应力集中系数大于 6.0，肩角处围岩承受高支承压力的作用，容易剪 切失稳，窄煤柱留设宽度较小时，窄煤柱应力集中系数高，容易受压失稳。 （3）基于弹性地基理论，给出基岩侧向破断煤柱塑性区宽度计算式当基 岩（基本顶）厚度较大且为唯一主关键层时，基岩的破断不受上覆岩层压力及采 掘空间的影响，确定双巷掘进窄煤柱护巷时，合理的煤柱宽度范围为B≤11.6m。 采用数值模拟的方法，研究不同煤柱宽度巷道围岩应力分布、变形及破坏规律， 进一步确定合理的窄煤柱宽度为 10m，煤柱存在正在剪切破坏的稳定承载区域， 两帮承载均匀，且实体煤帮承载能力相对较大，应力集中系数相对较高，为较好 的应力分配状态，仅在煤帮中部出现拉破坏，控制难度相对小。 万方数据 II （4）提出浅埋薄基岩窄煤柱巷道的“两区” （窄煤柱大变形区、实体煤帮高 集中应力区）为围岩控制的薄弱区域，开发了两帮“两区”关键部位高预应力、 高阻让压，高强度围岩控制技术。 依据浅埋薄基岩窄煤柱巷道围岩控制技术，在凉水井煤矿 42113 工作辅助运 输巷进行了工业性试验，现场应用表明，煤帮“两区”关键部位小间距高预应力 锚杆支护、高预应力让压锚杆支护、二次支护的围岩控制技术有效控制了围岩变 形，实现了围岩及支护结构稳定。 该论文有图 68 幅，表 8 个，参考文献 133 篇。 关键词关键词浅埋薄基岩；窄煤柱；失稳机理；破断规律；巷道稳定控制 万方数据 III Abstract Under the action of dynamic pressure, coal pillar wall of shallow buried thin bedrock narrow coal pillar tunnel is easy to creep buckling, the entity coal is under high concentrated stress, and surrounding rock control is difficult. The overlying rock layers rupture rules and stability control techniques of shallow buried thin bedrock narrow coal pillar tunnel was studied systematically by adopting integrated s of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field test. The main works accomplished in the dissertation are as follow 1 Based on the half infinite Winkler cantilever beam theory on elastic foundation, the calculation ula of bedrock breaking location in the lateral coal pillar and the relation between bedrock lateral breaking location , suspension girder length and periodic weighting length were proposed. Because of basic roof thickness is big, periodic weighting length is long, and lateral breaking location is deeper inside the coal pillar, a larger range of pressure reducing area is ed in the coal pillar, which provide powerful position for supporting tunnel with narrow coal pillar. 2 The rectangular hole surrounding rock mechanics analysis model was built, the calculation ula of rectangular roadway surrounding rock stress and vertical stress in coal pillar were given, the iMPact of overburden pressure, section size and side pressure coefficient on them was analyzed, and the instability mechanism of shallow buried thin bedrock narrow coal pillar tunnel was revealed. When driving with narrow coal pillar, affected by the stress superposition, the stress concentration factor in shoulder angle is greater than the single lane driving. The surrounding rock in shoulder angle under high bearing pressure is easy to shear instability. When the narrow coal pillar width is small, narrow coal pillar stress concentration factor increases, is easy to buckle in compression. 3 Based on elastic foundation theory, the calculation ula of bedrock broken lateral plastic zone width was given. When the bedrock thickness is big and is the only main key stratum, bedrock fracture is not affected by overburden pressure and mining space. the rational width range of coal pillar was determined as B≤11.2m. The roadway surrounding rock stress distribution, deation and destruction law were studied under the condition of different coal pillar width using numerical simulation . The rational width of coal pillar is 10m. There is stable bearing 万方数据 IV area under shear failure, two side coal-walls bearing uni, Entity coal - walls have relatively large bearing capacity; the stress concentration coefficient is relatively high. For better stress distribution state, only appeared destruction in central of coal-walls, the control difficulty is relatively low. 4 The two zone Large deation zone of narrow coal pillar and high stress concentration zone in entity coal of shallow thin bedrock narrow coal pillar tunnel are the weak area of surrounding rock control, the control techniques of high pre-stressed let pressure bolt support and secondary support in coal side were developed. On the basis of the control techniques of shallow buried thin bedrock narrow coal pillar tunnel, the industrial test was carried out in the 42113 assisted transport tunnel of Liangshuijing coal mine. Field application shows that the control techniques effectively control the deation of surrounding rock, and ensure the stability of surrounding rock and supporting structure. There are 68 figures, 8 tables and 133 references in this dissertation. Keywords shallow thin bedrock; narrow coal pillar; instability mechanism; rupture rule; stability control 万方数据 V 目目 录录 摘摘 要要.............................................................................................................................I 目目 录录........................................................................................................................... V 图清单图清单.......................................................................................................................... IX 表清单表清单....................................................................................................................... XIII 变量注释表变量注释表 .............................................................................................................. XIV 1 绪论绪论......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 概述 ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ..................................................................................................... 2 1.3 主要研究内容与方法 ........................................................................................... 12 1.4 创新点 ................................................................................................................... 13 2 浅埋薄基岩煤层浅埋薄基岩煤层双巷掘进巷道双巷掘进巷道矿压显现规律研究矿压显现规律研究 ............................................ 14 2.1 浅埋薄基岩煤层覆岩结构运动规律 ................................................................... 14 2.2 浅埋薄基岩煤层巷道矿压显现规律 ................................................................... 23 2.3 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 28 3 浅埋薄基岩窄煤柱巷道失稳机理浅埋薄基岩窄煤柱巷道失稳机理 .......................................................................... 30 3.1 窄煤柱沿空巷道应力分布规律 ........................................................................... 30 3.2 矩形巷道及窄煤柱应力分析 ............................................................................... 39 3.3 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 44 4 浅埋薄基岩巷道窄煤柱合理宽度浅埋薄基岩巷道窄煤柱合理宽度 ......................................................................... 46 4.1 不同宽度煤柱应力分布 ....................................................................................... 46 4.2 煤柱合理宽度分析 ............................................................................................... 47 4.3 煤柱合理宽度数值分析 ....................................................................................... 51 4.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 59 5 浅埋薄基岩窄浅埋薄基岩窄煤柱巷道围岩控制技术煤柱巷道围岩控制技术 .................................................................. 66 5.1 浅埋薄基岩窄煤柱巷道“两区”控制机理 ....................................................... 66 5.2 浅埋薄基岩窄煤柱巷道“两区”控制技术 ....................................................... 71 5.3 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 73 6 工程实践工程实践 ................................................................................................................. 74 万方数据 VI 6.1 试验巷道生产地质条件 ....................................................................................... 74 6.2 锚杆支护设计 ....................................................................................................... 76 6.3 支护效果分析 ....................................................................................................... 78 6.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 81 7 结论与展望结论与展望 ............................................................................................................. 83 7.1 主要结论 ............................................................................................................... 83 7.2 研究展望 ............................................................................................................... 86 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 87 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 95 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 97 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 98 万方数据 VII Contents Abstract ....................................................................................................................... III Contents .................................................................................................................... VII List of Figures ............................................................................................................. IX List of Tables ............................................................................................................ XIII List of Variables ....................................................................................................... XIV 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Present Status at Home and Aboard ........................................................................ 2 1.3 Research Contents and Approaches ...................................................................... 12 1.4 Main Conclusions ................................................................................................. 13 2 Study on Strata-pressure Behavior of Roadway in Shallow-Buried and Thin Bedrock Coal Seam .................................................................................................... 14 2.1 Movement law of overlying strata structure in shallow coal seam with thin bedrock ......................................................................................................................... 14 2.2 Strata-pressure behavior in shallow coal seam with thin bedrock ........................ 23 2.3 Summary ............................................................................................................... 28 3 Catastrophe Mechanism of Roadway aside goaf with Narrow Coal Pillar in Shallow Coal Seam with Thin Bedrock .................................................................... 30 3.1 Stress regularity of roadway aside goaf with narrow coal pillar........................... 30 3.2 Stress analysis of rectangular roadway and narrow coal pillar .............................. 39 3.3 Summary ................................................................................................................ 44 4 Narrow pillar reasonable width of roadway in Shallow Coal Seam with Thin Bedrock ........................................................................................................................................ 46 4.1 Stress Distribution of Coal Pillars with Different Width ....................................... 46 4.2 Design and Analysis of Reasonable coal Pillar Width ........................................... 47 4.3 Numerical analysis of reasonable coal pillar width ............................................... 51 4.4 Summary ................................................................................................................ 59 5 Surrounding Rock Control Technology for Narrow Coal Pillar Roadway in Shallow Buried Thin Bedrock ................................................................................... 66 5.1 “Two areas“ control mechanism for Narrow Coal Pillar Roadway in Shallow 万方数据 VIII Buried Thin Bedrock ...................